Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast
Identifieur interne : 000C52 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000C51; suivant : 000C53Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast
Auteurs : Christopher W. Corbett ; Matthew Wahl ; Dwayne E. Porter ; Don Edwards ; Claudia MoiseSource :
- Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology [ 0022-0981 ] ; 1997.
Abstract
Storm water runoff volumes, flow rates and sediment loads from a forested watershed and an urbanized watershed draining into adjacent estuaries were compared using the distributed parameter (grid cell) agricultural nonpoint source runoff (AGNPS) model. The comparisons were based on 10 simulated rainfall events. Effects of impervious surfaces on runoff and sediment transport were also investigated with the model. The 38 ha forested watershed, representing undeveloped land in coastal South Carolina, was covered with mixed second-growth hardwoods and pines with interspersed cypress wetlands. The urbanized watershed was 15 ha of single-family residential and commercial land and included a four-lane interstate highway segment. Both watersheds had sandy soils and low stream bed slopes ( < 0.5%). This paper shows that the model equations, although intended for agricultural watersheds, also applied to forested and urban land use. The hydrologic submodel was calibrated with 10 rain events ranging from 19–102 mm total rainfall. Simulation results indicated runoff volume was on average 5.5 × (±2.7) and sediment yield 5.5 × (±2.3) greater from the urban watershed than from the forested watershed. The ratio of rainfall volume to runoff volume was on average 14.5% higher in the urban watershed compared to the forested watershed. In the AGNPS model, runoff volumes were governed by the total impervious area and were independent of other impervious surface spatial characteristics (size, shape, location, contiguity). Simulation results indicated eroded sediment from both watersheds originated predominantly within the channels. Adding simulated impervious surface area increased runoff volumes linearly and peak flow rates exponentially, flow rates and sediment loads were controlled by impervious surface spatial characteristics. Maximum sediment loads from the urban watershed occurred when disconnected patches of impervious surface covered 35% of the watershed. Maximum differences between the forested and urban watersheds occurred at low rainfall depths ( < 75 mm). Future nonpoint source runoff modelling should incorporate ground water dynamics, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and accumulation and wash-off of specific pollutants.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00013-0
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Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, Matthew" sort="Wahl, Matthew" uniqKey="Wahl M" first="Matthew" last="Wahl">Matthew Wahl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porter, Dwayne E" sort="Porter, Dwayne E" uniqKey="Porter D" first="Dwayne E." last="Porter">Dwayne E. Porter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Don" sort="Edwards, Don" uniqKey="Edwards D" first="Don" last="Edwards">Don Edwards</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Belle W. 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Corbett</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: corbett@coast.geol.sc.edu</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wahl, Matthew" sort="Wahl, Matthew" uniqKey="Wahl M" first="Matthew" last="Wahl">Matthew Wahl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Porter, Dwayne E" sort="Porter, Dwayne E" uniqKey="Porter D" first="Dwayne E." last="Porter">Dwayne E. Porter</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Edwards, Don" sort="Edwards, Don" uniqKey="Edwards D" first="Don" last="Edwards">Don Edwards</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moise, Claudia" sort="Moise, Claudia" uniqKey="Moise C" first="Claudia" last="Moise">Claudia Moise</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JEMBE</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-0981</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1997">1997</date><biblScope unit="volume">213</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="133">133</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="149">149</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0022-0981</idno></series><idno type="istex">B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00013-0</idno><idno type="PII">S0022-0981(97)00013-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0022-0981</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Storm water runoff volumes, flow rates and sediment loads from a forested watershed and an urbanized watershed draining into adjacent estuaries were compared using the distributed parameter (grid cell) agricultural nonpoint source runoff (AGNPS) model. The comparisons were based on 10 simulated rainfall events. Effects of impervious surfaces on runoff and sediment transport were also investigated with the model. The 38 ha forested watershed, representing undeveloped land in coastal South Carolina, was covered with mixed second-growth hardwoods and pines with interspersed cypress wetlands. The urbanized watershed was 15 ha of single-family residential and commercial land and included a four-lane interstate highway segment. Both watersheds had sandy soils and low stream bed slopes ( < 0.5%). This paper shows that the model equations, although intended for agricultural watersheds, also applied to forested and urban land use. The hydrologic submodel was calibrated with 10 rain events ranging from 19–102 mm total rainfall. Simulation results indicated runoff volume was on average 5.5 × (±2.7) and sediment yield 5.5 × (±2.3) greater from the urban watershed than from the forested watershed. The ratio of rainfall volume to runoff volume was on average 14.5% higher in the urban watershed compared to the forested watershed. In the AGNPS model, runoff volumes were governed by the total impervious area and were independent of other impervious surface spatial characteristics (size, shape, location, contiguity). Simulation results indicated eroded sediment from both watersheds originated predominantly within the channels. Adding simulated impervious surface area increased runoff volumes linearly and peak flow rates exponentially, flow rates and sediment loads were controlled by impervious surface spatial characteristics. Maximum sediment loads from the urban watershed occurred when disconnected patches of impervious surface covered 35% of the watershed. Maximum differences between the forested and urban watersheds occurred at low rainfall depths ( < 75 mm). Future nonpoint source runoff modelling should incorporate ground water dynamics, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and accumulation and wash-off of specific pollutants.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Christopher W. Corbett</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: corbett@coast.geol.sc.edu</json:string><json:string>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Matthew Wahl</name><affiliations><json:string>Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Dwayne E. Porter</name><affiliations><json:string>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Don Edwards</name><affiliations><json:string>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Claudia Moise</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Impervious surface</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Nonpoint source pollution</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Peak flow rate</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Runoff volume</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Sediment yield</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Storm water runoff volumes, flow rates and sediment loads from a forested watershed and an urbanized watershed draining into adjacent estuaries were compared using the distributed parameter (grid cell) agricultural nonpoint source runoff (AGNPS) model. The comparisons were based on 10 simulated rainfall events. Effects of impervious surfaces on runoff and sediment transport were also investigated with the model. The 38 ha forested watershed, representing undeveloped land in coastal South Carolina, was covered with mixed second-growth hardwoods and pines with interspersed cypress wetlands. The urbanized watershed was 15 ha of single-family residential and commercial land and included a four-lane interstate highway segment. Both watersheds had sandy soils and low stream bed slopes ( > 0.5%). This paper shows that the model equations, although intended for agricultural watersheds, also applied to forested and urban land use. The hydrologic submodel was calibrated with 10 rain events ranging from 19–102 mm total rainfall. Simulation results indicated runoff volume was on average 5.5 × (±2.7) and sediment yield 5.5 × (±2.3) greater from the urban watershed than from the forested watershed. The ratio of rainfall volume to runoff volume was on average 14.5% higher in the urban watershed compared to the forested watershed. In the AGNPS model, runoff volumes were governed by the total impervious area and were independent of other impervious surface spatial characteristics (size, shape, location, contiguity). Simulation results indicated eroded sediment from both watersheds originated predominantly within the channels. Adding simulated impervious surface area increased runoff volumes linearly and peak flow rates exponentially, flow rates and sediment loads were controlled by impervious surface spatial characteristics. Maximum sediment loads from the urban watershed occurred when disconnected patches of impervious surface covered 35% of the watershed. Maximum differences between the forested and urban watersheds occurred at low rainfall depths ( > 75 mm). Future nonpoint source runoff modelling should incorporate ground water dynamics, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and accumulation and wash-off of specific pollutants.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.755</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>468 x 684 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2266</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4755</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>31308</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>17</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>324</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast</title><pii><json:string>S0022-0981(97)00013-0</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><serie><pages><last>13:50</last><first>13:1</first></pages><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Handbook of hydrology</title></serie><host><volume>213</volume><pii><json:string>S0022-0981(00)X0049-4</json:string></pii><pages><last>149</last><first>133</first></pages><issn><json:string>0022-0981</json:string></issn><issue>1</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology</title><publicationDate>1997</publicationDate></host><publicationDate>1997</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1997</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00013-0</json:string></doi><id>B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9</id><score>0.036862724</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>1997</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Christopher W.</forename><surname>Corbett</surname></persName><email>corbett@coast.geol.sc.edu</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel: (803) 777-4529; Fax: (803) 777-3935.</p></note><affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Matthew</forename><surname>Wahl</surname></persName><affiliation>Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Dwayne E.</forename><surname>Porter</surname></persName><affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Don</forename><surname>Edwards</surname></persName><affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Claudia</forename><surname>Moise</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">JEMBE</title><idno type="pISSN">0022-0981</idno><idno type="PII">S0022-0981(00)X0049-4</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1997"></date><biblScope unit="volume">213</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="133">133</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="149">149</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00013-0</idno><idno type="PII">S0022-0981(97)00013-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1997</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Storm water runoff volumes, flow rates and sediment loads from a forested watershed and an urbanized watershed draining into adjacent estuaries were compared using the distributed parameter (grid cell) agricultural nonpoint source runoff (AGNPS) model. The comparisons were based on 10 simulated rainfall events. Effects of impervious surfaces on runoff and sediment transport were also investigated with the model. The 38 ha forested watershed, representing undeveloped land in coastal South Carolina, was covered with mixed second-growth hardwoods and pines with interspersed cypress wetlands. The urbanized watershed was 15 ha of single-family residential and commercial land and included a four-lane interstate highway segment. Both watersheds had sandy soils and low stream bed slopes ( < 0.5%). This paper shows that the model equations, although intended for agricultural watersheds, also applied to forested and urban land use. The hydrologic submodel was calibrated with 10 rain events ranging from 19–102 mm total rainfall. Simulation results indicated runoff volume was on average 5.5 × (±2.7) and sediment yield 5.5 × (±2.3) greater from the urban watershed than from the forested watershed. The ratio of rainfall volume to runoff volume was on average 14.5% higher in the urban watershed compared to the forested watershed. In the AGNPS model, runoff volumes were governed by the total impervious area and were independent of other impervious surface spatial characteristics (size, shape, location, contiguity). Simulation results indicated eroded sediment from both watersheds originated predominantly within the channels. Adding simulated impervious surface area increased runoff volumes linearly and peak flow rates exponentially, flow rates and sediment loads were controlled by impervious surface spatial characteristics. Maximum sediment loads from the urban watershed occurred when disconnected patches of impervious surface covered 35% of the watershed. Maximum differences between the forested and urban watersheds occurred at low rainfall depths ( < 75 mm). Future nonpoint source runoff modelling should incorporate ground water dynamics, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and accumulation and wash-off of specific pollutants.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Impervious surface</term></item><item><term>Nonpoint source pollution</term></item><item><term>Peak flow rate</term></item><item><term>Runoff volume</term></item><item><term>Sediment yield</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1997">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>JEMBE</jid><aid>97000130</aid><ce:pii>S0022-0981(97)00013-0</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00013-0</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1997"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Christopher W.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Corbett</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>corbett@coast.geol.sc.edu</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Matthew</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wahl</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Dwayne E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Porter</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Don</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Edwards</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF4"><ce:sup>d</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Claudia</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Moise</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF4"><ce:sup>d</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Marine Science Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF4"><ce:label>d</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel: (803) 777-4529; Fax: (803) 777-3935.</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Storm water runoff volumes, flow rates and sediment loads from a forested watershed and an urbanized watershed draining into adjacent estuaries were compared using the distributed parameter (grid cell) agricultural nonpoint source runoff (AGNPS) model. The comparisons were based on 10 simulated rainfall events. Effects of impervious surfaces on runoff and sediment transport were also investigated with the model. The 38 ha forested watershed, representing undeveloped land in coastal South Carolina, was covered with mixed second-growth hardwoods and pines with interspersed cypress wetlands. The urbanized watershed was 15 ha of single-family residential and commercial land and included a four-lane interstate highway segment. Both watersheds had sandy soils and low stream bed slopes ( < 0.5%). This paper shows that the model equations, although intended for agricultural watersheds, also applied to forested and urban land use. The hydrologic submodel was calibrated with 10 rain events ranging from 19–102 mm total rainfall. Simulation results indicated runoff volume was on average 5.5 × (±2.7) and sediment yield 5.5 × (±2.3) greater from the urban watershed than from the forested watershed. The ratio of rainfall volume to runoff volume was on average 14.5% higher in the urban watershed compared to the forested watershed. In the AGNPS model, runoff volumes were governed by the total impervious area and were independent of other impervious surface spatial characteristics (size, shape, location, contiguity). Simulation results indicated eroded sediment from both watersheds originated predominantly within the channels. Adding simulated impervious surface area increased runoff volumes linearly and peak flow rates exponentially, flow rates and sediment loads were controlled by impervious surface spatial characteristics. Maximum sediment loads from the urban watershed occurred when disconnected patches of impervious surface covered 35% of the watershed. Maximum differences between the forested and urban watersheds occurred at low rainfall depths ( < 75 mm). Future nonpoint source runoff modelling should incorporate ground water dynamics, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and accumulation and wash-off of specific pollutants.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Impervious surface</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Nonpoint source pollution</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Peak flow rate</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Runoff volume</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Sediment yield</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Nonpoint source runoff modeling A comparison of a forested watershed and an urban watershed on the South Carolina coast</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christopher W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Corbett</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: corbett@coast.geol.sc.edu</affiliation><affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel: (803) 777-4529; Fax: (803) 777-3935.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Matthew</namePart><namePart type="family">Wahl</namePart><affiliation>Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dwayne E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Porter</namePart><affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Don</namePart><namePart type="family">Edwards</namePart><affiliation>Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Claudia</namePart><namePart type="family">Moise</namePart><affiliation>Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1997</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1997</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Storm water runoff volumes, flow rates and sediment loads from a forested watershed and an urbanized watershed draining into adjacent estuaries were compared using the distributed parameter (grid cell) agricultural nonpoint source runoff (AGNPS) model. The comparisons were based on 10 simulated rainfall events. Effects of impervious surfaces on runoff and sediment transport were also investigated with the model. The 38 ha forested watershed, representing undeveloped land in coastal South Carolina, was covered with mixed second-growth hardwoods and pines with interspersed cypress wetlands. The urbanized watershed was 15 ha of single-family residential and commercial land and included a four-lane interstate highway segment. Both watersheds had sandy soils and low stream bed slopes ( < 0.5%). This paper shows that the model equations, although intended for agricultural watersheds, also applied to forested and urban land use. The hydrologic submodel was calibrated with 10 rain events ranging from 19–102 mm total rainfall. Simulation results indicated runoff volume was on average 5.5 × (±2.7) and sediment yield 5.5 × (±2.3) greater from the urban watershed than from the forested watershed. The ratio of rainfall volume to runoff volume was on average 14.5% higher in the urban watershed compared to the forested watershed. In the AGNPS model, runoff volumes were governed by the total impervious area and were independent of other impervious surface spatial characteristics (size, shape, location, contiguity). Simulation results indicated eroded sediment from both watersheds originated predominantly within the channels. Adding simulated impervious surface area increased runoff volumes linearly and peak flow rates exponentially, flow rates and sediment loads were controlled by impervious surface spatial characteristics. Maximum sediment loads from the urban watershed occurred when disconnected patches of impervious surface covered 35% of the watershed. Maximum differences between the forested and urban watersheds occurred at low rainfall depths ( < 75 mm). Future nonpoint source runoff modelling should incorporate ground water dynamics, the spatial and temporal variability of rainfall, and accumulation and wash-off of specific pollutants.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Impervious surface</topic><topic>Nonpoint source pollution</topic><topic>Peak flow rate</topic><topic>Runoff volume</topic><topic>Sediment yield</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>JEMBE</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19970601</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0022-0981</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0022-0981(00)X0049-4</identifier><part><date>19970601</date><detail type="issue"><title>Urbanization and Southeastern Estuaries</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>213</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>151</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>133</start><end>149</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">B4347E68D0DBC0F9CA1A5339003D9818B58BE2C9</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-0981(97)00013-0</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0022-0981(97)00013-0</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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