Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania
Identifieur interne : 000B83 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B82; suivant : 000B84Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania
Auteurs : Bancy M. Mati ; Simon Mutie ; Hussein Gadain ; Patrick Home ; Felix MtaloSource :
- Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management [ 1320-5331 ] ; 2008-06.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
The Mara River is the lifeline of the transboundary Mara basin across Kenya and Tanzania. The basin is considered one of the more serene subcatchments of the Lake Victoria Basin and ultimately the Nile Basin, and traverses the famous Maasai Mara and Serengeti National Parks. The basin also contains forests, large‐scale farms, smallholder farms, pastoral grazing lands, as well as hunter gatherers and fishers. There is growing concern, however, regarding land degradation in the basin, particularly deforestation in the headwaters, that is affecting the natural resource base and the river flows. Accurate scientific data are required to advise policy, and to plan appropriate mitigation measures. This study utilizes remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) tools, and hydrological and ground‐truth studies to determine the magnitude of the land‐use/cover changes in the Mara River Basin, and the effects of these changes on the river flows over the last 30 years. The study results indicate that land‐use/cover changes have occurred. In 1973, for example, rangelands (savannah, grasslands and shrublands) covered 10 989 km2 (79%) of the total basin area. The rangelands had been reduced to 7245 km2 (52%) by 2000, however, while the forest areas were reduced by 32% over the same period. These changes have been attributed to the encroachment of agriculture, which has more than doubled (203%) its land area over the same period. The hydrology of the Mara River also has changed, with sharp increases in flood peak flows by 7%, and an earlier occurrence of these peaks by 4 days between 1973 and 2000. There is evidence of increased soil erosion in the upper catchments, with silt build‐up in the downstream floodplains. This has caused the Mara wetland to expand by 387%, adversely affecting riparian agriculture. There is need for urgent action to stem the land degradation of the Mara River Basin, including planning and implementing appropriate mitigation measures.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1770.2008.00367.x
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Mati</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mutie, Simon" sort="Mutie, Simon" uniqKey="Mutie S" first="Simon" last="Mutie">Simon Mutie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gadain, Hussein" sort="Gadain, Hussein" uniqKey="Gadain H" first="Hussein" last="Gadain">Hussein Gadain</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Home, Patrick" sort="Home, Patrick" uniqKey="Home P" first="Patrick" last="Home">Patrick Home</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mtalo, Felix" sort="Mtalo, Felix" uniqKey="Mtalo F" first="Felix" last="Mtalo">Felix Mtalo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:FDCF4E9681E340891020E6F0F6C090A730250D2B</idno><date when="2008" year="2008">2008</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1440-1770.2008.00367.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/FDCF4E9681E340891020E6F0F6C090A730250D2B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000B83</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000B83</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania</title><author><name sortKey="Mati, Bancy M" sort="Mati, Bancy M" uniqKey="Mati B" first="Bancy M." last="Mati">Bancy M. 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The basin is considered one of the more serene subcatchments of the Lake Victoria Basin and ultimately the Nile Basin, and traverses the famous Maasai Mara and Serengeti National Parks. The basin also contains forests, large‐scale farms, smallholder farms, pastoral grazing lands, as well as hunter gatherers and fishers. There is growing concern, however, regarding land degradation in the basin, particularly deforestation in the headwaters, that is affecting the natural resource base and the river flows. Accurate scientific data are required to advise policy, and to plan appropriate mitigation measures. This study utilizes remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) tools, and hydrological and ground‐truth studies to determine the magnitude of the land‐use/cover changes in the Mara River Basin, and the effects of these changes on the river flows over the last 30 years. The study results indicate that land‐use/cover changes have occurred. In 1973, for example, rangelands (savannah, grasslands and shrublands) covered 10 989 km2 (79%) of the total basin area. The rangelands had been reduced to 7245 km2 (52%) by 2000, however, while the forest areas were reduced by 32% over the same period. These changes have been attributed to the encroachment of agriculture, which has more than doubled (203%) its land area over the same period. The hydrology of the Mara River also has changed, with sharp increases in flood peak flows by 7%, and an earlier occurrence of these peaks by 4 days between 1973 and 2000. There is evidence of increased soil erosion in the upper catchments, with silt build‐up in the downstream floodplains. This has caused the Mara wetland to expand by 387%, adversely affecting riparian agriculture. There is need for urgent action to stem the land degradation of the Mara River Basin, including planning and implementing appropriate mitigation measures.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Bancy M. 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In 1973, for example, rangelands (savannah, grasslands and shrublands) covered 10 989 km2 (79%) of the total basin area. The rangelands had been reduced to 7245 km2 (52%) by 2000, however, while the forest areas were reduced by 32% over the same period. These changes have been attributed to the encroachment of agriculture, which has more than doubled (203%) its land area over the same period. The hydrology of the Mara River also has changed, with sharp increases in flood peak flows by 7%, and an earlier occurrence of these peaks by 4 days between 1973 and 2000. There is evidence of increased soil erosion in the upper catchments, with silt build‐up in the downstream floodplains. This has caused the Mara wetland to expand by 387%, adversely affecting riparian agriculture. 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Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</p></availability><date>2008</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Bancy M.</forename><surname>Mati</surname></persName><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Simon</forename><surname>Mutie</surname></persName><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Hussein</forename><surname>Gadain</surname></persName><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Patrick</forename><surname>Home</surname></persName><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Felix</forename><surname>Mtalo</surname></persName><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management</title><idno type="pISSN">1320-5331</idno><idno type="eISSN">1440-1770</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1440-1770</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Asia</publisher><pubPlace>Melbourne, Australia</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2008-06"></date><biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="169">169</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="177">177</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">FDCF4E9681E340891020E6F0F6C090A730250D2B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1440-1770.2008.00367.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">LRE367</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2008</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Mara River is the lifeline of the transboundary Mara basin across Kenya and Tanzania. The basin is considered one of the more serene subcatchments of the Lake Victoria Basin and ultimately the Nile Basin, and traverses the famous Maasai Mara and Serengeti National Parks. The basin also contains forests, large‐scale farms, smallholder farms, pastoral grazing lands, as well as hunter gatherers and fishers. There is growing concern, however, regarding land degradation in the basin, particularly deforestation in the headwaters, that is affecting the natural resource base and the river flows. Accurate scientific data are required to advise policy, and to plan appropriate mitigation measures. This study utilizes remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) tools, and hydrological and ground‐truth studies to determine the magnitude of the land‐use/cover changes in the Mara River Basin, and the effects of these changes on the river flows over the last 30 years. The study results indicate that land‐use/cover changes have occurred. In 1973, for example, rangelands (savannah, grasslands and shrublands) covered 10 989 km2 (79%) of the total basin area. The rangelands had been reduced to 7245 km2 (52%) by 2000, however, while the forest areas were reduced by 32% over the same period. These changes have been attributed to the encroachment of agriculture, which has more than doubled (203%) its land area over the same period. The hydrology of the Mara River also has changed, with sharp increases in flood peak flows by 7%, and an earlier occurrence of these peaks by 4 days between 1973 and 2000. There is evidence of increased soil erosion in the upper catchments, with silt build‐up in the downstream floodplains. This has caused the Mara wetland to expand by 387%, adversely affecting riparian agriculture. There is need for urgent action to stem the land degradation of the Mara River Basin, including planning and implementing appropriate mitigation measures.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>GIS</term></item><item><term>hydrology</term></item><item><term>Kenya</term></item><item><term>Lake Victoria</term></item><item><term>land use/cover</term></item><item><term>Mara basin</term></item><item><term>Tanzania</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2008-06">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/FDCF4E9681E340891020E6F0F6C090A730250D2B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Asia</publisherName><publisherLoc>Melbourne, Australia</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1440-1770</doi><issn type="print">1320-5331</issn><issn type="electronic">1440-1770</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="LRE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="LAKES RESERVOIRS RESEARCH MANAGEMENT">Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="06002"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/lre.2008.13.issue-2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="13">13</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="2">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2008-06">June 2008</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="caseStudy" position="8" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1440-1770.2008.00367.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="LRE367"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="9"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">CASE STUDIES</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2008-05-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2008-05-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-31"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="169">169</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="177">177</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> *Corresponding author. Email: <email>b.mati@cgiar.org</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:LRE.LRE367.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Accepted for publication 17 March 2008.</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="6"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="2"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="21"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="3713"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania</title><title type="shortAuthors">B. M. Mati <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Land use change, hydrology, and the Mara basin</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Bancy M.</givenNames><familyName>Mati</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Simon</givenNames><familyName>Mutie</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Hussein</givenNames><familyName>Gadain</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Patrick</givenNames><familyName>Home</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#aff-1-1"><personName><givenNames>Felix</givenNames><familyName>Mtalo</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="aff-1-1" countryCode="KE"><unparsedAffiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">GIS</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">hydrology</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Kenya</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">Lake Victoria</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">land use/cover</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">Mara basin</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">Tanzania</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The Mara River is the lifeline of the transboundary Mara basin across Kenya and Tanzania. The basin is considered one of the more serene subcatchments of the Lake Victoria Basin and ultimately the Nile Basin, and traverses the famous Maasai Mara and Serengeti National Parks. The basin also contains forests, large‐scale farms, smallholder farms, pastoral grazing lands, as well as hunter gatherers and fishers. There is growing concern, however, regarding land degradation in the basin, particularly deforestation in the headwaters, that is affecting the natural resource base and the river flows. Accurate scientific data are required to advise policy, and to plan appropriate mitigation measures. This study utilizes remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) tools, and hydrological and ground‐truth studies to determine the magnitude of the land‐use/cover changes in the Mara River Basin, and the effects of these changes on the river flows over the last 30 years. The study results indicate that land‐use/cover changes have occurred. In 1973, for example, rangelands (savannah, grasslands and shrublands) covered 10 989 km<sup>2</sup> (79%) of the total basin area. The rangelands had been reduced to 7245 km<sup>2</sup> (52%) by 2000, however, while the forest areas were reduced by 32% over the same period. These changes have been attributed to the encroachment of agriculture, which has more than doubled (203%) its land area over the same period. The hydrology of the Mara River also has changed, with sharp increases in flood peak flows by 7%, and an earlier occurrence of these peaks by 4 days between 1973 and 2000. There is evidence of increased soil erosion in the upper catchments, with silt build‐up in the downstream floodplains. This has caused the Mara wetland to expand by 387%, adversely affecting riparian agriculture. There is need for urgent action to stem the land degradation of the Mara River Basin, including planning and implementing appropriate mitigation measures.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Land use change, hydrology, and the Mara basin</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Impacts of land‐use/cover changes on the hydrology of the transboundary Mara River, Kenya/Tanzania</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bancy M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mati</namePart><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Simon</namePart><namePart type="family">Mutie</namePart><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hussein</namePart><namePart type="family">Gadain</namePart><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Patrick</namePart><namePart type="family">Home</namePart><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Felix</namePart><namePart type="family">Mtalo</namePart><affiliation>Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, PO Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="case-report" displayLabel="caseStudy"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Asia</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Melbourne, Australia</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2008-06</dateIssued><edition>Accepted for publication 17 March 2008.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2008</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">21</extent><extent unit="words">3713</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The Mara River is the lifeline of the transboundary Mara basin across Kenya and Tanzania. The basin is considered one of the more serene subcatchments of the Lake Victoria Basin and ultimately the Nile Basin, and traverses the famous Maasai Mara and Serengeti National Parks. The basin also contains forests, large‐scale farms, smallholder farms, pastoral grazing lands, as well as hunter gatherers and fishers. There is growing concern, however, regarding land degradation in the basin, particularly deforestation in the headwaters, that is affecting the natural resource base and the river flows. Accurate scientific data are required to advise policy, and to plan appropriate mitigation measures. This study utilizes remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) tools, and hydrological and ground‐truth studies to determine the magnitude of the land‐use/cover changes in the Mara River Basin, and the effects of these changes on the river flows over the last 30 years. The study results indicate that land‐use/cover changes have occurred. In 1973, for example, rangelands (savannah, grasslands and shrublands) covered 10 989 km2 (79%) of the total basin area. The rangelands had been reduced to 7245 km2 (52%) by 2000, however, while the forest areas were reduced by 32% over the same period. These changes have been attributed to the encroachment of agriculture, which has more than doubled (203%) its land area over the same period. The hydrology of the Mara River also has changed, with sharp increases in flood peak flows by 7%, and an earlier occurrence of these peaks by 4 days between 1973 and 2000. There is evidence of increased soil erosion in the upper catchments, with silt build‐up in the downstream floodplains. This has caused the Mara wetland to expand by 387%, adversely affecting riparian agriculture. There is need for urgent action to stem the land degradation of the Mara River Basin, including planning and implementing appropriate mitigation measures.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>GIS</topic><topic>hydrology</topic><topic>Kenya</topic><topic>Lake Victoria</topic><topic>land use/cover</topic><topic>Mara basin</topic><topic>Tanzania</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1320-5331</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1440-1770</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1440-1770</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">LRE</identifier><part><date>2008</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>169</start><end>177</end><total>9</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">FDCF4E9681E340891020E6F0F6C090A730250D2B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1440-1770.2008.00367.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">LRE367</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2008 The Authors. 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