Drainage in Egypt: a story of determination, continuity, and success
Identifieur interne : 000A86 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000A85; suivant : 000A87Drainage in Egypt: a story of determination, continuity, and success
Auteurs : Safwat Abdel-Dayem ; Shaden Abdel-Gawad ; Hussam FahmySource :
- Irrigation and Drainage [ 1531-0353 ] ; 2007-12.
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Abstract
The story of drainage in Egypt is about enhancing productivity and ensuring sustainability of the irrigated agriculture. It was not possible for the country to turn into highly intensive and diversified irrigated agriculture, without effective drainage to control waterlogging and salinity. It took Egypt a century to reach this level of drainage development. It is the outcome of a combination of political commitment, institutional development, technological improvement, and management capacity. The effort was sustained over many decades not only to construct new projects but to keep the installed system well performing through research, regular maintenance, and when necessary replacement and modernization. The significance and size of drainage projects required at certain point the establishment of dedicated institutions for the design, construction and maintenance of drainage systems as well as for drainage research. Egypt was pioneering in applying cost recovery to recover the investment costs of the subsurface drainage systems. The recent shift towards integrated water resources management was reflected both in planning and implementing new drainage projects. Drainage objectives are changing from the sole objective of increasing productivity to the multiple objectives of increasing agricultural production; drainage water reuse for irrigation and fish‐farming; domestic water disposal; and environmental management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/ird.335
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ISTEX:F693070A7FEE1D91C7080BF5C89D5A5C836025DDLe document en format XML
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It was not possible for the country to turn into highly intensive and diversified irrigated agriculture, without effective drainage to control waterlogging and salinity. It took Egypt a century to reach this level of drainage development. It is the outcome of a combination of political commitment, institutional development, technological improvement, and management capacity. The effort was sustained over many decades not only to construct new projects but to keep the installed system well performing through research, regular maintenance, and when necessary replacement and modernization. The significance and size of drainage projects required at certain point the establishment of dedicated institutions for the design, construction and maintenance of drainage systems as well as for drainage research. Egypt was pioneering in applying cost recovery to recover the investment costs of the subsurface drainage systems. The recent shift towards integrated water resources management was reflected both in planning and implementing new drainage projects. Drainage objectives are changing from the sole objective of increasing productivity to the multiple objectives of increasing agricultural production; drainage water reuse for irrigation and fish‐farming; domestic water disposal; and environmental management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Safwat Abdel‐Dayem</name><affiliations><json:string>National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt</json:string><json:string>National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt.===</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Shaden Abdel‐Gawad</name><affiliations><json:string>National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Hussam Fahmy</name><affiliations><json:string>Drainage Research Institute, National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>drainage</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>productivity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>sustainability</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>institutions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>integration</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>drainage</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>productivité</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>durabilité</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>institutions</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>intégration</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>IRD335</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The story of drainage in Egypt is about enhancing productivity and ensuring sustainability of the irrigated agriculture. 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The recent shift towards integrated water resources management was reflected both in planning and implementing new drainage projects. Drainage objectives are changing from the sole objective of increasing productivity to the multiple objectives of increasing agricultural production; drainage water reuse for irrigation and fish‐farming; domestic water disposal; and environmental management. 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It was not possible for the country to turn into highly intensive and diversified irrigated agriculture, without effective drainage to control waterlogging and salinity. It took Egypt a century to reach this level of drainage development. It is the outcome of a combination of political commitment, institutional development, technological improvement, and management capacity. The effort was sustained over many decades not only to construct new projects but to keep the installed system well performing through research, regular maintenance, and when necessary replacement and modernization. The significance and size of drainage projects required at certain point the establishment of dedicated institutions for the design, construction and maintenance of drainage systems as well as for drainage research. Egypt was pioneering in applying cost recovery to recover the investment costs of the subsurface drainage systems. The recent shift towards integrated water resources management was reflected both in planning and implementing new drainage projects. Drainage objectives are changing from the sole objective of increasing productivity to the multiple objectives of increasing agricultural production; drainage water reuse for irrigation and fish‐farming; domestic water disposal; and environmental management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="fr"><p>L'histoire du drainage en Egypte est celle de l'augmentation de la productivité et de la recherche de durabilité en l'agriculture irriguée. Il n'était pas possible que le pays devienne un pays d'agriculture irriguée fortement intensive et diversifiée sans un drainage efficace pour contrôler l'engorgement et la salinité des sols. Il lui a fallu un siècle pour atteindre ce niveau de drainage, grâce à une combinaison d'engagement politique, de développement institutionnel, d'amélioration technologique, et de défis de gestion. Il a fallu un effort soutenu pendant de nombreuses décennies non seulement pour construire de nouveaux projets mais pour garantir au système existant un fonctionnement satisfaisant grâce à la recherche, l'entretien régulier, et, lorsque cela a été nécessaire, le remplacement et la modernisation. L'importance et la taille des projets de drainage ont exigé à un certain moment la création d'organisations dédiées à la conception, la construction et l'entretien des canalisations aussi bien qu'à la recherche sur le drainage. L'Egypte a ouvert une voie nouvelle en appliquant le principe de la couverture des coûts dans les projets d'investissement des systèmes de drainage à canalisations enterrées. Le passage récent à la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau a été reflété à la fois dans la planification et dans la mise en œuvre des nouveaux projets de drainage. Le drainage est en train de passer de l'objectif unique d'augmentation de la productivité à celui, multiple, de l'augmentation de la production agricole, de la réutilisation des eaux de drainage pour l'irrigation, de l'aquaculture, du rejet des eaux usées domestiques et de la gestion environnementale. 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It was not possible for the country to turn into highly intensive and diversified irrigated agriculture, without effective drainage to control waterlogging and salinity. It took Egypt a century to reach this level of drainage development. It is the outcome of a combination of political commitment, institutional development, technological improvement, and management capacity. The effort was sustained over many decades not only to construct new projects but to keep the installed system well performing through research, regular maintenance, and when necessary replacement and modernization.</p><p>The significance and size of drainage projects required at certain point the establishment of dedicated institutions for the design, construction and maintenance of drainage systems as well as for drainage research. Egypt was pioneering in applying cost recovery to recover the investment costs of the subsurface drainage systems. The recent shift towards integrated water resources management was reflected both in planning and implementing new drainage projects. Drainage objectives are changing from the sole objective of increasing productivity to the multiple objectives of increasing agricultural production; drainage water reuse for irrigation and fish‐farming; domestic water disposal; and environmental management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><abstract type="main" xml:lang="fr"><p>L'histoire du drainage en Egypte est celle de l'augmentation de la productivité et de la recherche de durabilité en l'agriculture irriguée. Il n'était pas possible que le pays devienne un pays d'agriculture irriguée fortement intensive et diversifiée sans un drainage efficace pour contrôler l'engorgement et la salinité des sols. Il lui a fallu un siècle pour atteindre ce niveau de drainage, grâce à une combinaison d'engagement politique, de développement institutionnel, d'amélioration technologique, et de défis de gestion. Il a fallu un effort soutenu pendant de nombreuses décennies non seulement pour construire de nouveaux projets mais pour garantir au système existant un fonctionnement satisfaisant grâce à la recherche, l'entretien régulier, et, lorsque cela a été nécessaire, le remplacement et la modernisation.</p><p>L'importance et la taille des projets de drainage ont exigé à un certain moment la création d'organisations dédiées à la conception, la construction et l'entretien des canalisations aussi bien qu'à la recherche sur le drainage. L'Egypte a ouvert une voie nouvelle en appliquant le principe de la couverture des coûts dans les projets d'investissement des systèmes de drainage à canalisations enterrées. Le passage récent à la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau a été reflété à la fois dans la planification et dans la mise en œuvre des nouveaux projets de drainage. Le drainage est en train de passer de l'objectif unique d'augmentation de la productivité à celui, multiple, de l'augmentation de la production agricole, de la réutilisation des eaux de drainage pour l'irrigation, de l'aquaculture, du rejet des eaux usées domestiques et de la gestion environnementale. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>Le drainage en Egypte: une histoire de détermination, de continuité, et de succès.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Drainage in Egypt: a story of determination, continuity, and success</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>DRAINAGE FOR PRODUCTIVE AND SUSTAINED AGRICULTURE</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Drainage in Egypt: a story of determination, continuity, and success</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Safwat</namePart><namePart type="family">Abdel‐Dayem</namePart><affiliation>National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt</affiliation><affiliation>National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Egypt.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shaden</namePart><namePart type="family">Abdel‐Gawad</namePart><affiliation>National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hussam</namePart><namePart type="family">Fahmy</namePart><affiliation>Drainage Research Institute, National Water Research Centre, Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation, Cairo, Egypt</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2007-12</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2007-03-13</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2007-06-22</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2007</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">2</extent><extent unit="references">19</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The story of drainage in Egypt is about enhancing productivity and ensuring sustainability of the irrigated agriculture. It was not possible for the country to turn into highly intensive and diversified irrigated agriculture, without effective drainage to control waterlogging and salinity. It took Egypt a century to reach this level of drainage development. It is the outcome of a combination of political commitment, institutional development, technological improvement, and management capacity. The effort was sustained over many decades not only to construct new projects but to keep the installed system well performing through research, regular maintenance, and when necessary replacement and modernization. The significance and size of drainage projects required at certain point the establishment of dedicated institutions for the design, construction and maintenance of drainage systems as well as for drainage research. Egypt was pioneering in applying cost recovery to recover the investment costs of the subsurface drainage systems. The recent shift towards integrated water resources management was reflected both in planning and implementing new drainage projects. Drainage objectives are changing from the sole objective of increasing productivity to the multiple objectives of increasing agricultural production; drainage water reuse for irrigation and fish‐farming; domestic water disposal; and environmental management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><abstract lang="fr">L'histoire du drainage en Egypte est celle de l'augmentation de la productivité et de la recherche de durabilité en l'agriculture irriguée. Il n'était pas possible que le pays devienne un pays d'agriculture irriguée fortement intensive et diversifiée sans un drainage efficace pour contrôler l'engorgement et la salinité des sols. Il lui a fallu un siècle pour atteindre ce niveau de drainage, grâce à une combinaison d'engagement politique, de développement institutionnel, d'amélioration technologique, et de défis de gestion. Il a fallu un effort soutenu pendant de nombreuses décennies non seulement pour construire de nouveaux projets mais pour garantir au système existant un fonctionnement satisfaisant grâce à la recherche, l'entretien régulier, et, lorsque cela a été nécessaire, le remplacement et la modernisation. L'importance et la taille des projets de drainage ont exigé à un certain moment la création d'organisations dédiées à la conception, la construction et l'entretien des canalisations aussi bien qu'à la recherche sur le drainage. L'Egypte a ouvert une voie nouvelle en appliquant le principe de la couverture des coûts dans les projets d'investissement des systèmes de drainage à canalisations enterrées. Le passage récent à la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau a été reflété à la fois dans la planification et dans la mise en œuvre des nouveaux projets de drainage. Le drainage est en train de passer de l'objectif unique d'augmentation de la productivité à celui, multiple, de l'augmentation de la production agricole, de la réutilisation des eaux de drainage pour l'irrigation, de l'aquaculture, du rejet des eaux usées domestiques et de la gestion environnementale. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><note type="content">*Le drainage en Egypte: une histoire de détermination, de continuité, et de succès.</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>drainage</topic><topic>productivity</topic><topic>sustainability</topic><topic>institutions</topic><topic>integration</topic></subject><subject lang="fr"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>drainage</topic><topic>productivité</topic><topic>durabilité</topic><topic>institutions</topic><topic>intégration</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Irrigation and Drainage</title><subTitle>The journal of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Irrig. and Drain.</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Willem F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vlotman</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chandra A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Madramootoo</namePart></name><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1531-0353</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1531-0361</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-0361</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">IRD</identifier><part><date>2007</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>56</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>S1</number></detail><detail type="supplement"><caption>Suppl. no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>S101</start><end>S111</end><total>11</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F693070A7FEE1D91C7080BF5C89D5A5C836025DD</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/ird.335</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">IRD335</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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