Irrigation in the context of today's global food crisis
Identifieur interne : 000A73 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000A72; suivant : 000A74Irrigation in the context of today's global food crisis
Auteurs : Chandra A. Madramootoo ; Helen FylesSource :
- Irrigation and Drainage [ 1531-0353 ] ; 2010-02.
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Abstract
During 2008 the world witnessed a global food crisis which caused social unrest in many countries and drove 75 million more people into poverty. The crisis resulted from sharply higher oil prices, increased bio‐fuel production, dwindling grain stocks, market speculation, changing food consumption patterns in emerging economies, and changes in world trade agreements, among other factors. Although the rise in food prices was sudden, the fragility of global food security had been developing for years. During the 1960s and 1970s food production kept pace with demand as more cropland was irrigated and yields of irrigated crops increased dramatically. Irrigation played a critical role in combating hunger, poverty and death due to malnutrition. However, the environmental and social consequences of large irrigation schemes came into question, and investments in irrigation subsequently diminished. Today's food crisis is compounded by a rapidly growing world population, the conversion of food producing lands to bio‐fuel production, diminishing available freshwater supplies, competition for water by other sectors, climate change impacts, and the reduction in arable lands due to urbanization. It is critical that investments focus on increasing agricultural production through improved management of land and water resources, and the involvement of all stakeholders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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DOI: 10.1002/ird.555
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Today's food crisis is compounded by a rapidly growing world population, the conversion of food producing lands to bio‐fuel production, diminishing available freshwater supplies, competition for water by other sectors, climate change impacts, and the reduction in arable lands due to urbanization. It is critical that investments focus on increasing agricultural production through improved management of land and water resources, and the involvement of all stakeholders. 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The crisis resulted from sharply higher oil prices, increased bio‐fuel production, dwindling grain stocks, market speculation, changing food consumption patterns in emerging economies, and changes in world trade agreements, among other factors. Although the rise in food prices was sudden, the fragility of global food security had been developing for years. During the 1960s and 1970s food production kept pace with demand as more cropland was irrigated and yields of irrigated crops increased dramatically. Irrigation played a critical role in combating hunger, poverty and death due to malnutrition. However, the environmental and social consequences of large irrigation schemes came into question, and investments in irrigation subsequently diminished. Today's food crisis is compounded by a rapidly growing world population, the conversion of food producing lands to bio‐fuel production, diminishing available freshwater supplies, competition for water by other sectors, climate change impacts, and the reduction in arable lands due to urbanization. It is critical that investments focus on increasing agricultural production through improved management of land and water resources, and the involvement of all stakeholders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="fr"><p>En 2008, le monde a assisté à une crise alimentaire qui a provoqué des troubles sociaux dans de nombreux pays et a conduit 75 millions de personnes de plus dans la pauvreté. La crise résulte entre autres facteurs d'une forte hausse des prix du pétrole, de l'augmentation de la production de biocarburants, la diminution des stocks, la spéculation sur les marchés, l'évolution des modes de consommation alimentaire dans les économies émergentes et l'évolution des accords commerciaux dans le monde. Bien que la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires ait été soudaine, la fragilité de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale se développe depuis plusieurs années. Pendant les années 1960 et 1970, la production alimentaire a progressé au même rythme que la demande alors que plus de terres cultivées étaient irriguées et que les rendements des cultures irriguées augmentaient de façon spectaculaire. L'irrigation a joué un rôle essentiel dans la lutte contre la faim, la pauvreté et les décès dus à la malnutrition. Toutefois, les conséquences environnementales et sociales des grands projets d'irrigation ont été mises en cause, provoquant une diminution des investissements en irrigation. La crise alimentaire d'aujourd'hui est aggravée par la croissance rapide de la population mondiale, la conversion des terres destinées à la production alimentaire en production de biocarburants, la diminution des réserves disponibles d'eau douce, la concurrence pour l'eau par d'autres secteurs, les impacts du changement climatique et la réduction des terres arables à cause de l'urbanisation. Il est essentiel que les investissements visent à accroître la production agricole par l'amélioration de la gestion des ressources en terres et en eau, et la participation de toutes les parties prenantes. 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The crisis resulted from sharply higher oil prices, increased bio‐fuel production, dwindling grain stocks, market speculation, changing food consumption patterns in emerging economies, and changes in world trade agreements, among other factors. Although the rise in food prices was sudden, the fragility of global food security had been developing for years. During the 1960s and 1970s food production kept pace with demand as more cropland was irrigated and yields of irrigated crops increased dramatically. Irrigation played a critical role in combating hunger, poverty and death due to malnutrition. However, the environmental and social consequences of large irrigation schemes came into question, and investments in irrigation subsequently diminished. Today's food crisis is compounded by a rapidly growing world population, the conversion of food producing lands to bio‐fuel production, diminishing available freshwater supplies, competition for water by other sectors, climate change impacts, and the reduction in arable lands due to urbanization. It is critical that investments focus on increasing agricultural production through improved management of land and water resources, and the involvement of all stakeholders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract><abstract type="main" xml:lang="fr"><p>En 2008, le monde a assisté à une crise alimentaire qui a provoqué des troubles sociaux dans de nombreux pays et a conduit 75 millions de personnes de plus dans la pauvreté. La crise résulte entre autres facteurs d'une forte hausse des prix du pétrole, de l'augmentation de la production de biocarburants, la diminution des stocks, la spéculation sur les marchés, l'évolution des modes de consommation alimentaire dans les économies émergentes et l'évolution des accords commerciaux dans le monde. Bien que la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires ait été soudaine, la fragilité de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale se développe depuis plusieurs années. Pendant les années 1960 et 1970, la production alimentaire a progressé au même rythme que la demande alors que plus de terres cultivées étaient irriguées et que les rendements des cultures irriguées augmentaient de façon spectaculaire. L'irrigation a joué un rôle essentiel dans la lutte contre la faim, la pauvreté et les décès dus à la malnutrition. Toutefois, les conséquences environnementales et sociales des grands projets d'irrigation ont été mises en cause, provoquant une diminution des investissements en irrigation. La crise alimentaire d'aujourd'hui est aggravée par la croissance rapide de la population mondiale, la conversion des terres destinées à la production alimentaire en production de biocarburants, la diminution des réserves disponibles d'eau douce, la concurrence pour l'eau par d'autres secteurs, les impacts du changement climatique et la réduction des terres arables à cause de l'urbanisation. Il est essentiel que les investissements visent à accroître la production agricole par l'amélioration de la gestion des ressources en terres et en eau, et la participation de toutes les parties prenantes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>L'irrigation dans le contexte actuel de la crise alimentaire mondiale</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Irrigation in the context of today's global food crisis</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>IRRIGATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TODAY'S GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Irrigation in the context of today's global food crisis</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Chandra A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Madramootoo</namePart><affiliation>International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID) and Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Canada</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Helen</namePart><namePart type="family">Fyles</namePart><affiliation>Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue Quebec, Canada</affiliation><affiliation>Research Associate, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.===</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="review-article" displayLabel="reviewArticle"></genre><originInfo><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Chichester, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2009-03-30</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-09-15</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">7</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">37</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">During 2008 the world witnessed a global food crisis which caused social unrest in many countries and drove 75 million more people into poverty. The crisis resulted from sharply higher oil prices, increased bio‐fuel production, dwindling grain stocks, market speculation, changing food consumption patterns in emerging economies, and changes in world trade agreements, among other factors. Although the rise in food prices was sudden, the fragility of global food security had been developing for years. During the 1960s and 1970s food production kept pace with demand as more cropland was irrigated and yields of irrigated crops increased dramatically. Irrigation played a critical role in combating hunger, poverty and death due to malnutrition. However, the environmental and social consequences of large irrigation schemes came into question, and investments in irrigation subsequently diminished. Today's food crisis is compounded by a rapidly growing world population, the conversion of food producing lands to bio‐fuel production, diminishing available freshwater supplies, competition for water by other sectors, climate change impacts, and the reduction in arable lands due to urbanization. It is critical that investments focus on increasing agricultural production through improved management of land and water resources, and the involvement of all stakeholders. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><abstract lang="fr">En 2008, le monde a assisté à une crise alimentaire qui a provoqué des troubles sociaux dans de nombreux pays et a conduit 75 millions de personnes de plus dans la pauvreté. La crise résulte entre autres facteurs d'une forte hausse des prix du pétrole, de l'augmentation de la production de biocarburants, la diminution des stocks, la spéculation sur les marchés, l'évolution des modes de consommation alimentaire dans les économies émergentes et l'évolution des accords commerciaux dans le monde. Bien que la hausse des prix des denrées alimentaires ait été soudaine, la fragilité de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale se développe depuis plusieurs années. Pendant les années 1960 et 1970, la production alimentaire a progressé au même rythme que la demande alors que plus de terres cultivées étaient irriguées et que les rendements des cultures irriguées augmentaient de façon spectaculaire. L'irrigation a joué un rôle essentiel dans la lutte contre la faim, la pauvreté et les décès dus à la malnutrition. Toutefois, les conséquences environnementales et sociales des grands projets d'irrigation ont été mises en cause, provoquant une diminution des investissements en irrigation. La crise alimentaire d'aujourd'hui est aggravée par la croissance rapide de la population mondiale, la conversion des terres destinées à la production alimentaire en production de biocarburants, la diminution des réserves disponibles d'eau douce, la concurrence pour l'eau par d'autres secteurs, les impacts du changement climatique et la réduction des terres arables à cause de l'urbanisation. Il est essentiel que les investissements visent à accroître la production agricole par l'amélioration de la gestion des ressources en terres et en eau, et la participation de toutes les parties prenantes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><note type="content">*L'irrigation dans le contexte actuel de la crise alimentaire mondiale</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>irrigation</topic><topic>water scarcity</topic><topic>agriculture</topic><topic>food security</topic></subject><subject lang="fr"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>irrigation</topic><topic>rareté de l'eau</topic><topic>agriculture</topic><topic>sécurité alimentaire</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Irrigation and Drainage</title><subTitle>The journal of the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage</subTitle></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Irrig. and Drain.</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bart</namePart><namePart type="family">Schultz</namePart></name><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Review Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1531-0353</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1531-0361</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1531-0361</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">IRD</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="title"><title>Selected Papers of the 20th ICID Congress, Lahore, Pakistan</title></detail><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>59</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>40</start><end>52</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">2C03E2519922487600824F5F464A1FE70C2C4811</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/ird.555</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">IRD555</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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