Modelling the impact of climate warming at the landscape scale: will bench terraces become economically and ecologically viable structures under changed climates?
Identifieur interne : 000977 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000976; suivant : 000978Modelling the impact of climate warming at the landscape scale: will bench terraces become economically and ecologically viable structures under changed climates?
Auteurs : Richard Wadsworth ; Ruth SwetnamSource :
- Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment [ 0167-8809 ] ; 1998.
Abstract
Past agricultural intensification has led to a decline in wildlife through the fragmentation and loss of habitats. Measures to halt this decline in biological diversity have primarily relied on paying landowners to `farm' wildlife (such as the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme) or not to farm at all (such as the European Union set-aside scheme). Both methods involve considerable costs. With possible increased temperatures linked with climate change, the need for soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques could force changes in prevailing agricultural methods. In more extreme continental climates (such as the American Mid-West) arable farmers often employ bench terraces to reduce soil loss and irrigation costs. This creates strips of permanent grassland in otherwise ecologically barren landscapes. Through a parsimonious model of crop yield, an exploration of the viability of such techniques of SWC under a changed climate in East Anglia, United Kingdom is explored. If bench terraces were shown to be economic, then their adoption could have significant ecological benefits, at little or no cost to society. This paper examines whether climate change could prompt the construction of these new landscape features for the benefit of both agriculture and ecological diversity.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00133-3
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<notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Location of the study site.</note>
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<note type="content">Fig. 3: Schematic diagram of the model fluxes.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 4: The relationship between monthly average temperature and monthly total PEt for the period 1961 to 1990 in the study site.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 5: Areas suitable for bench terraces under Scenario 1 (see text for details). Black areas are suitable slopes, grey areas are existing areas of semi-natural vegetation.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 6: Areas suitable for bench terraces under Scenario 2 (see text for details). Black areas are suitable slopes, grey areas are existing areas of semi-natural vegetation.</note>
<note type="content">Table 1: Details of land cover types which are found in the study area, (estimated from data in the Land Cover Map of Great Britain)</note>
<note type="content">Table 2: Soil moisture content under different field conditions (after Rijtema, 1969)</note>
<note type="content">Table 3: Predicted yield of winter wheat (t−1 ha−1) under the current (1961–1990) climate</note>
<note type="content">Table 4: Slopes (in degrees) where bench terraces would be successful under a 2.5°C increase in temperature</note>
<note type="content">Table 5: Slopes (in degrees) where bench terraces would be successful under a 2.5°C increase in temperature and a reduction in rainfall of 16%</note>
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<abstract lang="en">Past agricultural intensification has led to a decline in wildlife through the fragmentation and loss of habitats. Measures to halt this decline in biological diversity have primarily relied on paying landowners to `farm' wildlife (such as the Environmentally Sensitive Areas Scheme) or not to farm at all (such as the European Union set-aside scheme). Both methods involve considerable costs. With possible increased temperatures linked with climate change, the need for soil and water conservation (SWC) techniques could force changes in prevailing agricultural methods. In more extreme continental climates (such as the American Mid-West) arable farmers often employ bench terraces to reduce soil loss and irrigation costs. This creates strips of permanent grassland in otherwise ecologically barren landscapes. Through a parsimonious model of crop yield, an exploration of the viability of such techniques of SWC under a changed climate in East Anglia, United Kingdom is explored. If bench terraces were shown to be economic, then their adoption could have significant ecological benefits, at little or no cost to society. This paper examines whether climate change could prompt the construction of these new landscape features for the benefit of both agriculture and ecological diversity.</abstract>
<note type="content">Fig. 1: Location of the study site.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 2: Summary of the relationships between the data and models.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 3: Schematic diagram of the model fluxes.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 4: The relationship between monthly average temperature and monthly total PEt for the period 1961 to 1990 in the study site.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 5: Areas suitable for bench terraces under Scenario 1 (see text for details). Black areas are suitable slopes, grey areas are existing areas of semi-natural vegetation.</note>
<note type="content">Fig. 6: Areas suitable for bench terraces under Scenario 2 (see text for details). Black areas are suitable slopes, grey areas are existing areas of semi-natural vegetation.</note>
<note type="content">Table 1: Details of land cover types which are found in the study area, (estimated from data in the Land Cover Map of Great Britain)</note>
<note type="content">Table 2: Soil moisture content under different field conditions (after Rijtema, 1969)</note>
<note type="content">Table 3: Predicted yield of winter wheat (t−1 ha−1) under the current (1961–1990) climate</note>
<note type="content">Table 4: Slopes (in degrees) where bench terraces would be successful under a 2.5°C increase in temperature</note>
<note type="content">Table 5: Slopes (in degrees) where bench terraces would be successful under a 2.5°C increase in temperature and a reduction in rainfall of 16%</note>
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