Study of the formation of the “black cloud” and its dynamics over Cairo, Egypt, using MODIS and MISR sensors
Identifieur interne : 000955 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000954; suivant : 000956Study of the formation of the “black cloud” and its dynamics over Cairo, Egypt, using MODIS and MISR sensors
Auteurs : Heba S. Marey ; John C. Gille ; Hesham M. El-Askary ; Elsayed A. Shalaby ; Mohamed E. El-RaeySource :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2010-11-16.
Abstract
In the past decade, episodes of severe air pollution, known as the “black cloud,” have occurred in Cairo, Egypt, in the early autumn. In this study, data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and the Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) are used with meteorological data and trajectory analyses to determine the cause of these events. MODIS fire counts put the source as the burning of agricultural waste after harvest season in the Nile delta region. Synchronous MISR data show that these fires create low altitude (<500 m) plumes of smoke and aerosols which flow over Cairo in a few hours, as confirmed by Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forward trajectory analyses. Much of the burning occurs at night, when an inversion constrains the plumes to remain in the boundary layer (BL). Convection during the day raises the BL, dispersing these smoke particles until the next night.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2010JD014384
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ISTEX:340A279DCA61B46C6D9D27C56C694CC60122D48BLe document en format XML
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Res.</journalTitle>, <vol>115</vol>, D21206, doi:<accessionId ref="info:doi/10.1029/2010JD014384">10.1029/2010JD014384</accessionId>.</citation></selfCitationGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JGRD.JGRD16579.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="wordTotal" number="6300"></count><count type="figureTotal" number="11"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Study of the formation of the “black cloud” and its dynamics over Cairo, Egypt, using MODIS and MISR sensors</title><title type="short">STUDY FORMATION OF ‘BLACK CLOUD’</title><title type="shortAuthors">Marey <i>et al</i>.</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd16579-cr-0001" affiliationRef="#jgrd16579-aff-0001 #jgrd16579-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Heba S.</givenNames> <familyName>Marey</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="hebasaid@ucar.edu">hebasaid@ucar.edu</email></contactDetails></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd16579-cr-0002" affiliationRef="#jgrd16579-aff-0001"><personName><givenNames>John C.</givenNames> <familyName>Gille</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd16579-cr-0003" affiliationRef="#jgrd16579-aff-0003 #jgrd16579-aff-0004"><personName><givenNames>Hesham M.</givenNames> <familyName>El‐Askary</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd16579-cr-0004" affiliationRef="#jgrd16579-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Elsayed A.</givenNames> <familyName>Shalaby</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="jgrd16579-cr-0005" affiliationRef="#jgrd16579-aff-0002"><personName><givenNames>Mohamed E.</givenNames> <familyName>El‐Raey</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd16579-aff-0001"><orgName>National Center for Atmospheric Research</orgName><address><city>Boulder</city><countryPart>Colorado</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="EG" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd16579-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Institute of Graduate Studies and Research</orgDiv><orgName>Alexandria University</orgName><address><city>Alexandria</city><country>Egypt</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="US" type="organization" xml:id="jgrd16579-aff-0003"><orgDiv>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science</orgDiv><orgName>Chapman University</orgName><address><city>Orange</city><countryPart>California</countryPart><country>USA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation type="organization" xml:id="jgrd16579-aff-0004"><unparsedAffiliation>Also at Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="jgrd16579-kwd-0001">air pollution</keyword><keyword xml:id="jgrd16579-kwd-0002">biomass burning</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p xml:id="jgrd16579-para-0001" label="1">In the past decade, episodes of severe air pollution, known as the “black cloud,” have occurred in Cairo, Egypt, in the early autumn. In this study, data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and the Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) are used with meteorological data and trajectory analyses to determine the cause of these events. MODIS fire counts put the source as the burning of agricultural waste after harvest season in the Nile delta region. Synchronous MISR data show that these fires create low altitude (<500 m) plumes of smoke and aerosols which flow over Cairo in a few hours, as confirmed by Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forward trajectory analyses. Much of the burning occurs at night, when an inversion constrains the plumes to remain in the boundary layer (BL). Convection during the day raises the BL, dispersing these smoke particles until the next night.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Study of the formation of the “black cloud” and its dynamics over Cairo, Egypt, using MODIS and MISR sensors</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>STUDY FORMATION OF ‘BLACK CLOUD’</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Study of the formation of the “black cloud” and its dynamics over Cairo, Egypt, using MODIS and MISR sensors</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Heba S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Marey</namePart><affiliation>National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: hebasaid@ucar.edu</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gille</namePart><affiliation>National Center for Atmospheric Research, Colorado, Boulder, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hesham M.</namePart><namePart type="family">El‐Askary</namePart><affiliation>School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA</affiliation><affiliation>Also at Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Elsayed A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shalaby</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mohamed E.</namePart><namePart type="family">El‐Raey</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-11-16</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2010-04-21</dateCaptured><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2010-07-21</dateValid><edition>Marey, H. S., J. C. Gille, H. M. El‐Askary, E. A. Shalaby, and M. E. El‐Raey (2010), Study of the formation of the “black cloud” and its dynamics over Cairo, Egypt, using MODIS and MISR sensors, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D21206, doi:10.1029/2010JD014384.</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">11</extent><extent unit="words">6300</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>In the past decade, episodes of severe air pollution, known as the “black cloud,” have occurred in Cairo, Egypt, in the early autumn. In this study, data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and the Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) are used with meteorological data and trajectory analyses to determine the cause of these events. MODIS fire counts put the source as the burning of agricultural waste after harvest season in the Nile delta region. Synchronous MISR data show that these fires create low altitude (<500 m) plumes of smoke and aerosols which flow over Cairo in a few hours, as confirmed by Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) forward trajectory analyses. Much of the burning occurs at night, when an inversion constrains the plumes to remain in the boundary layer (BL). Convection during the day raises the BL, dispersing these smoke particles until the next night.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>air pollution</topic><topic>biomass burning</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>J. Geophys. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>index-terms</genre><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/subset/AAC">Aerosol and Clouds</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0300">ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0345">Pollution: urban and regional</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0305">Aerosols and particles</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0400">BIOGEOSCIENCES</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/0478">Pollution: urban, regional and global</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4200">OCEANOGRAPHY: GENERAL</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4251">Marine pollution</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4300">NATURAL HAZARDS</topic><topic authorityURI="http://psi.agu.org/taxonomy5/4325">Megacities and urban environment</topic></subject><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Aerosol and Clouds</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0148-0227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">2156-2202</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)2156-2202d</identifier><identifier type="CODEN">JGREA2</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JGRD</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>115</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>D21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>n/a</start><end>n/a</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">340A279DCA61B46C6D9D27C56C694CC60122D48B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1029/2010JD014384</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">2010JD014384</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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