Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland
Identifieur interne : 000938 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000937; suivant : 000939Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland
Auteurs : John S. Bailey ; Ke Wang ; Crawford Jordan ; Alex HigginsSource :
- Chemosphere [ 0045-6535 ] ; 2000.
Abstract
Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH3, N2O, NO−3 and NOx (NO and NO2) ‘pollutants’ generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a ‘large’ silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1
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Bailey</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: john.bailey@dardni.gov.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ke" sort="Wang, Ke" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Ke" last="Wang">Ke Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Crawford" sort="Jordan, Crawford" uniqKey="Jordan C" first="Crawford" last="Jordan">Crawford Jordan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Alex" sort="Higgins, Alex" uniqKey="Higgins A" first="Alex" last="Higgins">Alex Higgins</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000938</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000938</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</title><author><name sortKey="Bailey, John S" sort="Bailey, John S" uniqKey="Bailey J" first="John S" last="Bailey">John S. Bailey</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: john.bailey@dardni.gov.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Ke" sort="Wang, Ke" uniqKey="Wang K" first="Ke" last="Wang">Ke Wang</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jordan, Crawford" sort="Jordan, Crawford" uniqKey="Jordan C" first="Crawford" last="Jordan">Crawford Jordan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Alex" sort="Higgins, Alex" uniqKey="Higgins A" first="Alex" last="Higgins">Alex Higgins</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Chemosphere</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">CHEM</title><idno type="ISSN">0045-6535</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">42</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="131">131</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="140">140</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0045-6535</idno></series><idno type="istex">605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1</idno><idno type="PII">S0045-6535(00)00118-1</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0045-6535</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH3, N2O, NO−3 and NOx (NO and NO2) ‘pollutants’ generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a ‘large’ silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>John S Bailey</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: john.bailey@dardni.gov.uk</json:string><json:string>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ke Wang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Crawford Jordan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Alex Higgins</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Grassland</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Nitrogen yield</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Precision agriculture</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Spatial variability</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Yield mapping</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH3, N2O, NO−3 and NOx (NO and NO2) ‘pollutants’ generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a ‘large’ silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.234</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>544 x 743 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1235</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4882</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>27340</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>196</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</title><pii><json:string>S0045-6535(00)00118-1</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>42</volume><pii><json:string>S0045-6535(00)X0142-7</json:string></pii><editor><json:item><name>Peter Christie</name></json:item></editor><pages><last>140</last><first>131</first></pages><conference><json:item><name>Chemistry of protection of the Environment Gaseous Emissions</name></json:item></conference><issn><json:string>0045-6535</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Chemosphere</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1</json:string></doi><id>605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0</id><score>0.039656512</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Smoothed contour map showing the variation in altitude across a large silage field.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Map of silage field showing: (a) the (original) 124 potential sampling points; (b) the locations of the 11 mowed strips at cut 1; (c) the locations of the 7 mowed strips at cut 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Model validation using independent data: actual DM yields for a range of silage fields in County Down (Bailey, 1999) vs model predicted yields: (a) for Model 1; (b) for Model 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Smoothed contour maps showing the spatial variability in predicted sward DM yield: (a) at first cut; (b) at second cut; (c) totalled over both cuts.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Smoothed contour maps showing the spatial variability in predicted sward N yield: (a) at first cut; (b) at second cut; (c) totalled over both cuts.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Relationship between total predicted DM yields and total predicted N yields. The dashed boundary line delimits the DM yield response to N (in the crop) when this nutrient alone was limiting to growth, and the perpendicular dashed line shows the predicted N yield at 95% of maximum DM yield.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: Smoothed contour map of herbage DRIS N indices at cut 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: Relationships between: (a) actual N yield and soil C/N ratio on the 11 mowed strips at cut 1; (b) predicted total N yield and soil C/N ratio at the 104 field sampling points.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: Relationships between: (a) actual N yield at cut 1 and soil pH on the 11 mowed strips; (b) predicted total N yield and soil pH at the 104 sampling points.</note><note type="content">Fig. 10: Smoothed contour maps of: (a) soil pH; (b) soil organic-C content; (c) soil available P.</note><note type="content">Fig. 11: Relationship between actual N yield on the 11 mowed strips at cut 1 and the depth of topsoil (A horizon) under each strip.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Variogram properties for N yield data at cut 1, at cut 2 and at both cuts combined</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">John S</forename><surname>Bailey</surname></persName><email>john.bailey@dardni.gov.uk</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author</p></note><affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Ke</forename><surname>Wang</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Crawford</forename><surname>Jordan</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Alex</forename><surname>Higgins</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Chemosphere</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">CHEM</title><idno type="pISSN">0045-6535</idno><idno type="PII">S0045-6535(00)X0142-7</idno><meeting><addName>Chemistry of protection of the Environment</addName><addName>Gaseous Emissions</addName></meeting><editor><persName>Peter Christie</persName></editor><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">42</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="131">131</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="140">140</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1</idno><idno type="PII">S0045-6535(00)00118-1</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH3, N2O, NO−3 and NOx (NO and NO2) ‘pollutants’ generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a ‘large’ silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Grassland</term></item><item><term>Nitrogen yield</term></item><item><term>Precision agriculture</term></item><item><term>Spatial variability</term></item><item><term>Yield mapping</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr7" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr7"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr8" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr8"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr9" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr9"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr10" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr10"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr11" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr11"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>CHEM</jid><aid>3230</aid><ce:pii>S0045-6535(00)00118-1</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>John S</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bailey</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>john.bailey@dardni.gov.uk</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Ke</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Wang</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Crawford</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Jordan</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Alex</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Higgins</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH<ce:inf>3</ce:inf>, N<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>O, NO<ce:sup>−</ce:sup><ce:inf>3</ce:inf> and NO<ce:italic><ce:inf>x</ce:inf></ce:italic> (NO and NO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf>) ‘pollutants’ generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a ‘large’ silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Grassland</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Nitrogen yield</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Precision agriculture</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Spatial variability</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Yield mapping</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Use of precision agriculture technology to investigate spatial variability in nitrogen yields in cut grassland</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John S</namePart><namePart type="family">Bailey</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: john.bailey@dardni.gov.uk</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation><description>Corresponding author</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ke</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Zhejiang University, Huajiachi Campus, Hangzhou 310029, People's Republic of China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Crawford</namePart><namePart type="family">Jordan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Alex</namePart><namePart type="family">Higgins</namePart><affiliation>Department of Agriculture and Rural Development for Northern Ireland, Agricultural and Environmental Science Division, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Spatial variability in N uptake and utilisation by swards within uniformly managed field units could be responsible for a significant proportion of the NH3, N2O, NO−3 and NOx (NO and NO2) ‘pollutants’ generated by agriculture and released to the environment. An investigation was commenced, therefore, to quantify, map and explain the spatial variability in sward N yield in a ‘large’ silage field and to assess the potential for managing this variability using some of the latest precision agriculture technology. Sward dry matter (DM) and N yields were predicted from the results of plant tissue analyses using mathematical models. Sward N yields were found to vary greatly across the field seemingly because of differences in net soil N mineralisation, but the pattern of variability appeared to remain constant with time. Conventional soil analysis of a range of soil chemical and physical properties, however, failed to explain this variability. It was concluded that the N-yield distribution map might be used in place of soil analysis as the basis for varying the rates of N application to different parts of the field with the twin objectives of maximising fertiliser use efficiency and minimising N emissions to air and water.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Smoothed contour map showing the variation in altitude across a large silage field.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Map of silage field showing: (a) the (original) 124 potential sampling points; (b) the locations of the 11 mowed strips at cut 1; (c) the locations of the 7 mowed strips at cut 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Model validation using independent data: actual DM yields for a range of silage fields in County Down (Bailey, 1999) vs model predicted yields: (a) for Model 1; (b) for Model 2.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Smoothed contour maps showing the spatial variability in predicted sward DM yield: (a) at first cut; (b) at second cut; (c) totalled over both cuts.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Smoothed contour maps showing the spatial variability in predicted sward N yield: (a) at first cut; (b) at second cut; (c) totalled over both cuts.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Relationship between total predicted DM yields and total predicted N yields. The dashed boundary line delimits the DM yield response to N (in the crop) when this nutrient alone was limiting to growth, and the perpendicular dashed line shows the predicted N yield at 95% of maximum DM yield.</note><note type="content">Fig. 7: Smoothed contour map of herbage DRIS N indices at cut 1.</note><note type="content">Fig. 8: Relationships between: (a) actual N yield and soil C/N ratio on the 11 mowed strips at cut 1; (b) predicted total N yield and soil C/N ratio at the 104 field sampling points.</note><note type="content">Fig. 9: Relationships between: (a) actual N yield at cut 1 and soil pH on the 11 mowed strips; (b) predicted total N yield and soil pH at the 104 sampling points.</note><note type="content">Fig. 10: Smoothed contour maps of: (a) soil pH; (b) soil organic-C content; (c) soil available P.</note><note type="content">Fig. 11: Relationship between actual N yield on the 11 mowed strips at cut 1 and the depth of topsoil (A horizon) under each strip.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Variogram properties for N yield data at cut 1, at cut 2 and at both cuts combined</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Grassland</topic><topic>Nitrogen yield</topic><topic>Precision agriculture</topic><topic>Spatial variability</topic><topic>Yield mapping</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Chemosphere</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>CHEM</title></titleInfo><name type="conference"><namePart>Chemistry of protection of the Environment</namePart><namePart>Gaseous Emissions</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart>Peter Christie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">20010115</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0045-6535</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0045-6535(00)X0142-7</identifier><part><date>20010115</date><detail type="issue"><title>Chemistry of protection of the Environment</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>42</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>103</start><end>226</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>131</start><end>140</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">605E82869A0F62A51A59C5E2CC83FEDD09D226B0</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0045-6535(00)00118-1</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0045-6535(00)00118-1</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2000</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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