A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation
Identifieur interne : 000467 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000466; suivant : 000468A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation
Auteurs : Bin-Le Lin ; A. Sakoda ; R. Shibasaki ; M. SuzukiSource :
- Water Research [ 0043-1354 ] ; 2001.
Abstract
Water quality associated with nitrate (NO3−) leaching from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue. This paper describes a new modelling approach to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the use of fertilisers on global nitrate leaching. A global process-based simulation model was previously developed for the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, in which soil inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and NO3− was considered. After introducing data on world fertiliser consumption (FAO, 1995) into the steady-state model, the extent of disturbance to the nitrogen cycle caused by fertilisation was calculated. Although fertilisation resulted in an annual increase in net primary production (NPP, represented as carbon) of 18 Gtyear−1, NO3− leaching and gaseous losses of nitrogen oxides and ammonia were also accelerated. Most regions with heavy fertiliser application (over 100kgha−1year−1) showed a high annual leaching load equal to or more than 20kgha−1year−1. About 2.5% of the land area occupied by terrestrial ecosystems suffered a serious leaching load of more than 30kgha−1year−1. Of the total amount of applied fertilisers (138Tgyear−1) 19% was lost to NO3− leaching, 8% to gaseous ammonia, and 3% to gaseous nitrogen oxides. The rest was assumed to be fixed in the ecosystems through vegetation uptake.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DABLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title><author><name sortKey="Lin, Bin Le" sort="Lin, Bin Le" uniqKey="Lin B" first="Bin-Le" last="Lin">Bin-Le Lin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: binlelin@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakoda, A" sort="Sakoda, A" uniqKey="Sakoda A" first="A." last="Sakoda">A. Sakoda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shibasaki, R" sort="Shibasaki, R" uniqKey="Shibasaki R" first="R." last="Shibasaki">R. Shibasaki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, M" sort="Suzuki, M" uniqKey="Suzuki M" first="M." last="Suzuki">M. Suzuki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The United Nations University, 5-53-67, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8304, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB</idno><date when="2001" year="2001">2001</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000467</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000467</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title><author><name sortKey="Lin, Bin Le" sort="Lin, Bin Le" uniqKey="Lin B" first="Bin-Le" last="Lin">Bin-Le Lin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: binlelin@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sakoda, A" sort="Sakoda, A" uniqKey="Sakoda A" first="A." last="Sakoda">A. Sakoda</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shibasaki, R" sort="Shibasaki, R" uniqKey="Shibasaki R" first="R." last="Shibasaki">R. Shibasaki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, M" sort="Suzuki, M" uniqKey="Suzuki M" first="M." last="Suzuki">M. Suzuki</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>The United Nations University, 5-53-67, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8304, Japan</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Water Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">WR</title><idno type="ISSN">0043-1354</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">35</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1961">1961</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1968">1968</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0043-1354</idno></series><idno type="istex">A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X</idno><idno type="PII">S0043-1354(00)00484-X</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0043-1354</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Water quality associated with nitrate (NO3−) leaching from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue. This paper describes a new modelling approach to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the use of fertilisers on global nitrate leaching. A global process-based simulation model was previously developed for the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, in which soil inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and NO3− was considered. After introducing data on world fertiliser consumption (FAO, 1995) into the steady-state model, the extent of disturbance to the nitrogen cycle caused by fertilisation was calculated. Although fertilisation resulted in an annual increase in net primary production (NPP, represented as carbon) of 18 Gtyear−1, NO3− leaching and gaseous losses of nitrogen oxides and ammonia were also accelerated. Most regions with heavy fertiliser application (over 100kgha−1year−1) showed a high annual leaching load equal to or more than 20kgha−1year−1. About 2.5% of the land area occupied by terrestrial ecosystems suffered a serious leaching load of more than 30kgha−1year−1. Of the total amount of applied fertilisers (138Tgyear−1) 19% was lost to NO3− leaching, 8% to gaseous ammonia, and 3% to gaseous nitrogen oxides. The rest was assumed to be fixed in the ecosystems through vegetation uptake.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Bin-Le Lin</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: binlelin@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp</json:string><json:string>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Sakoda</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Shibasaki</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Suzuki</name><affiliations><json:string>The United Nations University, 5-53-67, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8304, Japan</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>ecosystem model</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>nitrate leaching</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>fertilisation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>leaching load</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Water quality associated with nitrate (NO3−) leaching from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue. This paper describes a new modelling approach to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the use of fertilisers on global nitrate leaching. A global process-based simulation model was previously developed for the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, in which soil inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and NO3− was considered. After introducing data on world fertiliser consumption (FAO, 1995) into the steady-state model, the extent of disturbance to the nitrogen cycle caused by fertilisation was calculated. Although fertilisation resulted in an annual increase in net primary production (NPP, represented as carbon) of 18 Gtyear−1, NO3− leaching and gaseous losses of nitrogen oxides and ammonia were also accelerated. Most regions with heavy fertiliser application (over 100kgha−1year−1) showed a high annual leaching load equal to or more than 20kgha−1year−1. About 2.5% of the land area occupied by terrestrial ecosystems suffered a serious leaching load of more than 30kgha−1year−1. Of the total amount of applied fertilisers (138Tgyear−1) 19% was lost to NO3− leaching, 8% to gaseous ammonia, and 3% to gaseous nitrogen oxides. The rest was assumed to be fixed in the ecosystems through vegetation uptake.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.215</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>544 x 771 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1344</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3827</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>24095</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>199</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title><pii><json:string>S0043-1354(00)00484-X</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>35</volume><pii><json:string>S0043-1354(00)X0091-7</json:string></pii><pages><last>1968</last><first>1961</first></pages><issn><json:string>0043-1354</json:string></issn><issue>8</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Water Research</title><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>science</json:string><json:string>water resources</json:string><json:string>environmental sciences</json:string><json:string>engineering, environmental</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>applied sciences</json:string><json:string>engineering</json:string><json:string>environmental engineering</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2001</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2001</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X</json:string></doi><id>A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB</id><score>0.040240496</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></availability><date>2001</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Structure of the model of the global biogeochemical nitrogen/carbon cycle.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Distribution map showing global fertiliser consumption in 1995 based on the FAO database.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Distribution map of global nitrate leaching in the absence of anthropogenic fertilisation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Distribution map of global nitrate leaching after disturbance by anthropogenic fertilisation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Leaching-load levels and the amount of land area subject to each level of load (%).</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Comparison between the nitrate leaching load in field experiments and the model-based calculations.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Values of soil-specific parameters used in the model calculations</note><note type="content">Table 2: Databases of environmental variables, soil texture, and vegetation type used in model calculations</note><note type="content">Table 3: Fertiliser consumption, fertiliser load, and percentage of occupied area in each fertiliser load based on the database of FAO (1995)</note><note type="content">Table 4: Flux changes caused by the disturbance of anthropogenic fertilisation</note><note type="content">Table 5: Nitrate leaching load at various sites related to fertilisation</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Bin-Le</forename><surname>Lin</surname></persName><email>binlelin@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp</email><affiliation>Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81(3)3402-6231 ext. 2413; fax: +81(3)3408-0593</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Sakoda</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Shibasaki</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Suzuki</surname></persName><affiliation>The United Nations University, 5-53-67, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8304, Japan</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Water Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">WR</title><idno type="pISSN">0043-1354</idno><idno type="PII">S0043-1354(00)X0091-7</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">35</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1961">1961</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1968">1968</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X</idno><idno type="PII">S0043-1354(00)00484-X</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Water quality associated with nitrate (NO3−) leaching from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue. This paper describes a new modelling approach to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the use of fertilisers on global nitrate leaching. A global process-based simulation model was previously developed for the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, in which soil inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and NO3− was considered. After introducing data on world fertiliser consumption (FAO, 1995) into the steady-state model, the extent of disturbance to the nitrogen cycle caused by fertilisation was calculated. Although fertilisation resulted in an annual increase in net primary production (NPP, represented as carbon) of 18 Gtyear−1, NO3− leaching and gaseous losses of nitrogen oxides and ammonia were also accelerated. Most regions with heavy fertiliser application (over 100kgha−1year−1) showed a high annual leaching load equal to or more than 20kgha−1year−1. About 2.5% of the land area occupied by terrestrial ecosystems suffered a serious leaching load of more than 30kgha−1year−1. Of the total amount of applied fertilisers (138Tgyear−1) 19% was lost to NO3− leaching, 8% to gaseous ammonia, and 3% to gaseous nitrogen oxides. The rest was assumed to be fixed in the ecosystems through vegetation uptake.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle</term></item><item><term>ecosystem model</term></item><item><term>nitrate leaching</term></item><item><term>fertilisation</term></item><item><term>leaching load</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>WR</jid><aid>3111</aid><ce:pii>S0043-1354(00)00484-X</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2001">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Bin-Le</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lin</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>binlelin@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Sakoda</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Shibasaki</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Suzuki</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>3</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:textfn>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>2</ce:label><ce:textfn>Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>3</ce:label><ce:textfn>The United Nations University, 5-53-67, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8304, Japan</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81(3)3402-6231 ext. 2413; fax: +81(3)3408-0593</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="9" month="11" year="1999"></ce:date-received><ce:date-accepted day="19" month="9" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Water quality associated with nitrate (NO<ce:inf>3</ce:inf><ce:sup>−</ce:sup>) leaching from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue. This paper describes a new modelling approach to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the use of fertilisers on global nitrate leaching. A global process-based simulation model was previously developed for the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, in which soil inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH<ce:inf>4</ce:inf><ce:sup>+</ce:sup>) and NO<ce:inf>3</ce:inf><ce:sup>−</ce:sup> was considered. After introducing data on world fertiliser consumption (FAO, 1995) into the steady-state model, the extent of disturbance to the nitrogen cycle caused by fertilisation was calculated. Although fertilisation resulted in an annual increase in net primary production (NPP, represented as carbon) of 18 Gt<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>year<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>, NO<ce:inf>3</ce:inf><ce:sup>−</ce:sup> leaching and gaseous losses of nitrogen oxides and ammonia were also accelerated. Most regions with heavy fertiliser application (over 100<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>kg<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>ha<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup><ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>year<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>) showed a high annual leaching load equal to or more than 20<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>kg<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>ha<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup><ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>year<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>. About 2.5% of the land area occupied by terrestrial ecosystems suffered a serious leaching load of more than 30<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>kg<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>ha<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup><ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>year<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>. Of the total amount of applied fertilisers (138<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>Tg<ce:hsp sp="0.16"></ce:hsp>year<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>) 19% was lost to NO<ce:inf>3</ce:inf><ce:sup>−</ce:sup> leaching, 8% to gaseous ammonia, and 3% to gaseous nitrogen oxides. The rest was assumed to be fixed in the ecosystems through vegetation uptake.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>ecosystem model</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>nitrate leaching</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>fertilisation</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>leaching load</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bin-Le</namePart><namePart type="family">Lin</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: binlelin@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp</affiliation><affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</affiliation><description>Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +81(3)3402-6231 ext. 2413; fax: +81(3)3408-0593</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakoda</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 7-22-1 Roppongi Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-8558, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shibasaki</namePart><affiliation>Center for Spatial Information Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Suzuki</namePart><affiliation>The United Nations University, 5-53-67, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8304, Japan</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Water quality associated with nitrate (NO3−) leaching from agricultural soils is an important environmental issue. This paper describes a new modelling approach to quantitatively evaluate the effect of the use of fertilisers on global nitrate leaching. A global process-based simulation model was previously developed for the nitrogen cycle in terrestrial ecosystems, in which soil inorganic nitrogen in the form of ammonium (NH4+) and NO3− was considered. After introducing data on world fertiliser consumption (FAO, 1995) into the steady-state model, the extent of disturbance to the nitrogen cycle caused by fertilisation was calculated. Although fertilisation resulted in an annual increase in net primary production (NPP, represented as carbon) of 18 Gtyear−1, NO3− leaching and gaseous losses of nitrogen oxides and ammonia were also accelerated. Most regions with heavy fertiliser application (over 100kgha−1year−1) showed a high annual leaching load equal to or more than 20kgha−1year−1. About 2.5% of the land area occupied by terrestrial ecosystems suffered a serious leaching load of more than 30kgha−1year−1. Of the total amount of applied fertilisers (138Tgyear−1) 19% was lost to NO3− leaching, 8% to gaseous ammonia, and 3% to gaseous nitrogen oxides. The rest was assumed to be fixed in the ecosystems through vegetation uptake.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Structure of the model of the global biogeochemical nitrogen/carbon cycle.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Distribution map showing global fertiliser consumption in 1995 based on the FAO database.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Distribution map of global nitrate leaching in the absence of anthropogenic fertilisation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Distribution map of global nitrate leaching after disturbance by anthropogenic fertilisation.</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Leaching-load levels and the amount of land area subject to each level of load (%).</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Comparison between the nitrate leaching load in field experiments and the model-based calculations.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Values of soil-specific parameters used in the model calculations</note><note type="content">Table 2: Databases of environmental variables, soil texture, and vegetation type used in model calculations</note><note type="content">Table 3: Fertiliser consumption, fertiliser load, and percentage of occupied area in each fertiliser load based on the database of FAO (1995)</note><note type="content">Table 4: Flux changes caused by the disturbance of anthropogenic fertilisation</note><note type="content">Table 5: Nitrate leaching load at various sites related to fertilisation</note><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle</topic><topic>ecosystem model</topic><topic>nitrate leaching</topic><topic>fertilisation</topic><topic>leaching load</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Water Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>WR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200106</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0043-1354</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0043-1354(00)X0091-7</identifier><part><date>200106</date><detail type="volume"><number>35</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>8</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1861</start><end>2100</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>1961</start><end>1968</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00484-X</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0043-1354(00)00484-X</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2001 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2001</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Agronomie/explor/SisAgriV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000467 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000467 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Agronomie
|area= SisAgriV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:A8D0566F5B852D6CCCC0C56A17181A53A0C63DAB
|texte= A Modelling Approach to Global Nitrate Leaching Caused by Anthropogenic Fertilisation
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.28. |  |