Nigerian Universities Network Πgateway to the world
Identifieur interne : 000091 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000090; suivant : 000092Nigerian Universities Network Œ gateway to the world
Auteurs : Ajibola Maxwell OyinloyeSource :
- Information Development [ 0266-6669 ] ; 1998-12.
Abstract
The Nigerian University System (NUS) comprises forty-two institutions in more than twenty-four states and the Federal capital territory. The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the national level for access to and distribution of information required by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other computerized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. More investment by the private sector is needed to get the local Internet explosion off the ground and launch Nigeria fully into the Information Age.
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DOI: 10.1177/0266666984239472
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The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the national level for access to and distribution of information required by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other computerized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. More investment by the private sector is needed to get the local Internet explosion off the ground and launch Nigeria fully into the Information Age.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>sage</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Ajibola Maxwell Oyinloye</name><affiliations><json:string>Lagos State University Library, Lagos, Nigeria</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>10.1177_0266666984239472</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The Nigerian University System (NUS) comprises forty-two institutions in more than twenty-four states and the Federal capital territory. The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the national level for access to and distribution of information required by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other computerized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. 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The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the national level for access to and distribution of information required by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other computerized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. 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The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the national level for access to and distribution of information required by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other computerized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. More investment by the private sector is needed to get the local Internet explosion off the ground and launch Nigeria fully into the Information Age.</p></abstract><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta xlink:type="simple"><meta-name>sagemeta-type</meta-name><meta-value>Journal Article</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta xlink:type="simple"><meta-name>search-text</meta-name><meta-value> NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES NETWORK Information Development, vol. 14, no. 4, December 1998 189 Nigerian Universities Network gateway to the world The success of the Nigerian Universities Network depends on engagement and cooperation between the National Uni- versities Commission, the Government of Nigeria, and tech- nology providers. Ajibola Maxwell Oyinloye The state of telecommunication capabilities is effectively sepa- rating countries into rich and poor, developed and underde- veloped, while at the same time the Internet has become the greatest wonder of the 20th century. To avoid the risk of iso- lation and marginalization of academic and research activities in Nigeria, the National Universities Commission (NUC), the apex organization managing the nation's universities, em- barked on the electronic networking of Nigerian universities and linking them through the Internet to their peers in other parts of the world. The Nigerian University System (NUS) presently consists of some seventeen conventional Federal universities, four spe- cial Federal universities of technology, twelve state-owned uni- versities, three special Federal universities of agriculture, one special Federal university of defence and military studies, and five special Federally-owned university-style institutes, namely, three 'language villages' (French, Arabic and Nigerian), the National Mathematical Centre, and the Division of Agricul- tural Colleges. In total, the NUS comprises forty-two institu- tions spread all over the country in more than twenty-four states and in Abuja, the Federal capital territory. The NUS, like any other university system worldwide, is basically for teaching, research and community service. It interacts with the outside world through research and pub- lication, data exchange, collaborative efforts and other aca- demic endeavours. Output in terms of research from the NUS has been enormous, and Nigerian academics and the prod- ucts of the NUS enjoy prestige both inside and outside Nigeria. The National Universities Commission, established in 1962 and reconstituted in 1974, is the body with statutory responsi- bility to ensure the orderly development of university educa- tion in Nigeria, maintain its high standards, ensure adequate funding, and to lay down minimum standards for all universities in the federation and to accredit their degrees and other academic awards. . . .1 The NUC management is supervised by the Executive Sec- retary who reports to the Commission and to the Head of State through the Minister of Education and Youth Develop- ment.THE NUS AND THE NATION'S ECONOMY The Nigerian economy has been in a state of coma since the 1980s. With an external debt of nearly USD 30 billion, the NUS cannot be isolated from the nation's economic predicament. The effect of this was a drastic cut in fund allocations to the NUS by the government. Inadequate funding brings in its wake excessive pressure on the system, thereby restricting its capac- ity to procure new equipment and maintain old equipment, as well as to retain academic staff. It also created a disequilbrium resulting in nationwide strikes by the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) and in the 'brain drain' phenomenon a situation whereby notable academics in various professions especially the medical sciences, engineering and, to a lesser extent, the sciences and humanities migrate away from NUS to industry, or leave the country to take up jobs in foreign nations. To redress this situation would require a lot of resources, and the Federal Government acted appropriately. By the mid- dle of 1989, the Federal Ministry of Education, through the NUC, had reached an agreement with the World Bank for a USD 120 million restructuring loan facility for the Federal universities. The facility was properly called the World Bank Federal Universities Development Sector Adjustment Credit, but was known throughout the system simply as the World Bank Project (WBP). It was intended for the refurbishment of Federal universities, procurement of books, journals and equip- ment, staff development and an expatriate support scheme. The facility, designed to provide a lifeline for the NUS, was, how- ever, hampered in its implementation by stringent conditions, elaborate procedures, excessive bureaucracy and the poor per- formance of the Project Implementation Units. In the end, the project had to be abbreviated, with only a proportion of the USD 120 million committed and fresh negotiations opened for the modalities of using the balance of the facility. The World Bank observed that poor communication facili- ties had adversely affected the smooth execution of the project, and without doubt communication is the weakest area of the NUS. Relevant communication infrastructures are either non- existent or unreliable. Few campuses have a functioning tel- ephone network. Intra- and inter-university communications, as well as international communications, are heavily depend- ent on regular postal and courier services. Intra- and inter-cam- pus computer communications have yet to be introduced to the NUS. With the world shrinking day by day from a global village to a global neighbourhood, with data and information travelling along information superhighways resulting in rapid changes in the world economy and industrial development, there is an urgent need to address the communication problems in Ni- geria, and the NUS will be a good starting point. To overcome the isolation of academic activity and research, a network has to be built linking sister universities and their peers in other parts of the world. In its 'Aide Memoire' for the World Bank Federal Universities Development Sector Adjust- ment Credit, the Bank observed that as economic growth across the globe becomes in- creasingly dependent on national capacities to access and NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES NETWORK 190 Information Development, vol. 14, no. 4, December 1998 manipulate information, Africa lags behind other regions of the world in the dissemination and use of computers, electronic networking, CD-ROM and related tech- nologies. It is worth pointing out here that there is no reason why this situation cannot change over the next decade. It thus became apparent that the universities would be a good starting point for efforts to construct an information infrastruc- ture that would link Africa to the rest of the world. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF NUNet Following the observations made by the World Bank in 1994 on poor communication in the NUS, the NUC rose to the oc- casion by addressing the issue. In October 1994 the then Ex- ecutive Secretary of NUC, Professor Idris Abdulkadir, set up a five-person e-mail committee to examine all aspects of imple- menting electronic communication in the NUS. The commit- tee carried out feasibility studies, made study visits to a number of African and American institutions, and organized a two- day technical workshop on Electronic Networking in Nige- rian Universities in Abuja on 30 and 31 October 1995. The workshop recommended: that effective intra- and inter-faculty electronic commu- nication be swiftly restored to every Federal university that an integrated computer network (built around ap- propriate networks of computers) should be developed for the NUS and managed by the NUC, and known as the Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet) that NUNet would be a national computer network con- sisting of the individual networks of all Federal universi- ties and linked to the global network, the Internet; at the university level, NUNet was expected to be made up of developing network systems at the level of departments, units, centres and faculties, which together would form Local Area Networks (LANs) and an intra-university Wide Area Network (WAN) that NUNet would be planned for about twenty LANs per university with fifty or more workstations per LAN that each university should set up a NUNet committee to be chaired by a very senior academic, preferably a profes- sor of long standing and experience, particularly in com- puters, electronic networking or information technology that the national hub of the proposed electronic network system be located in the secretariat of the NUC.2 The NUC accepted these recommendations leading to the es- tablishment of NUNet. The thrust of the initiative is the de- velopment of a linked environment for the creation of, access to and distribution of information required by each universi- ty's instruction, research and administrative processes through the installation of a campus-wide voice and data communica- tions network. INTERNET CONNECTIVITY IN NIGERIA Internet growth in Nigeria, as in most developing countries, is hampered by a range of factors, notably inadequate telecom-munications infrastructure, government regulations and weak information technology infrastructure. The major obstacle is the inadequate communications infrastructure provided by the government-owned Nigerian Telecommunications plc (NITEL). There are many e-mail connections in Nigeria. All Internet connections are through external gateways located in the United States, Europe, South Africa and other foreign coun- tries. Most Internet Service Providers (ISPs) use VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal) to access the information super- highway. VSAT operations are fully independent of NITEL, which is reported to be making plans to commission a national gateway in 1998. There is also a Nigerian Internet Group (NIG) established by decree and licensed by the Nigerian Communi- cations Commission (NCC). This is the body that promotes the use of the Internet in Nigeria, and has a duty to maintain the top-level domain 'ng'. It has both corporate and individual members. IMPLEMENTATION OF NUNet The NUNet project is proposed to be implemented in phases, with 1999 as the probable completion date: Phase 1 Establishment of national computer networks for the NUS using dedicated phone lines for the provision of e-mail. Phase 2 Use of leased lines to service the networks so that e-mail serv- ices on the network take place in real time. Phase 3 Upgrading the network to full Internet connectivity. As a follow-up to the 1995 workshop, NUC requested all uni- versities and centres to set up NUNet committees. These will, among other things: define the scope of their university's needs mount awareness programmes for the systematic devel- opment of a strong user base at department or unit level design and coordinate the gradual networking of the uni- versity at all levels ensure that the university has access through the NUC WAN to nationwide (universities), e-mail and Internet facilities. These committees are now in place in all universities and cen- tres, including state universities and the University of Agricul- ture. In 1995, NUC signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste, Italy, for collaborative activities and assistance in net- working. This provided that the ICTP would from 1996 to 1998, assist NUC in implementing academic networking in the NUS, and purchase and install NUNet equipment. In 1996, NUC trained sixteen NUNet engineers and twenty- six NUNet chairmen fro universities at ICTP in Italy. Two workshops were also organized locally: 1. Campus Networking, held at Obafemi Awolowo Univer- sity (OAU), Ife-Ife, from 617 October 1997 NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES NETWORK Information Development, vol. 14, no. 4, December 1998 191 2. National Networking, held at NUC, Abuja, from 2024 Oc- tober 1997. The workshops were organized in conjunction with ICTP and OAU. All Nigerian universities took part in these workshops. In April 1997, NUC connected to the Internet through the ICTP and started to connect the universities. Many universi- ties are now connected. On 13 August 1997, NUC inaugurated the NUNet Technical Consultative Committee, whose mem- bership is drawn from both inside and outside the university system. The committee is to offer technical advice, among other thins, on issues relating to Internet connections and the provi- sion of Internet services. On 27 October 1997, the NUNet Sec- retariat at Abuja was formally commissioned. OTHER NETWORK PROJECTS IN NIGERIA Apart from NUNet, there other network projects in Nigeria. One of these is the Academic Computer Network (ACN) project for developing countries, embarked upon by ICTP. The first node has been established at OAU in Ife-Ife. The project, established in order to eliminate the present state of isolation of scientists in developing countries, is designed to enable a university campus network, for instance, OAUNET, to get connected to the Internet through the ICTP network in Trieste. Other examples include RINAF (Regional Informatics Net- work for Africa), also based at OAU, and COUPINE (Coop- erative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education), also at Ife-Ife. There is a need for NUC to enter into collaborative relation- ships with other bodies engaged in network project activities, both inside and outside the country, since the main objective of any network is resource sharing. CONCLUSION The Internet is the largest and most used computer network for information exchange. The Internet is regarded as an excel- lent vehicle for the distribution of educational resources to improve teaching and learning. It is probably the best refer- ence source for teachers and students. Full Internet connectiv- ity is required for the NUNet project. It is estimated that NUNet will have up to 66,000 computers on the network when full Internet connectivity has been achieved. At the 1998 Computer, Telecommunications and Office Equipment Exhibition (CTO'98) organized by the American Embassy in Nigeria, Dr. Raymond Akwule, an information technology teacher and magazine publisher based in the United States, noted that a combination of telecommunications and computer technology is making teaching more pleasurable in developed nations. He said that there is now a situation where teachers only need to list websites, instead of textbooks, for students to consult. Teachers are also enabled to teach courses simultaneously in different schools. These are some of the ben- efits of the Internet, and the changes, that NUNet will bring to the NUS. Some other envisaged advantages of NUNet for the improvement of the NUS were outlined by the Executive Sec- retary, Professor Munzali Jibril, at the commissioning of the NUNet Secretariat in Abuja, as follows: The ability of staff to communicate with peers instantly and cheaply fosters the growth of research activities; the exchange of research data will be easy. Books and journals that have hitherto been impossible to keep current can now be available electronically as soon as they are published. Also, journals that are only avail- able in electronic format will now be accessible to staff. It will definitely help to check, and even reverse, the so- called brain drain in the Nigerian university system.3 The advantages of NUNet are overwhelming and as such, the project should be considered a national priority. Government and its agencies should support NUC in the execution of NUNet. NUC in turn should forge alliances with professional bodies like the Computer Association of Nigeria and the Com- puter Vendors Association within the country, and with com- puter manufacturers outside the country. NUNet is a laudable project that should be supported by all. A lot more investment by information technology vendors, ISPs, VSAT providers and others in the private sector needs to be made to really get our local Internet explosion off the ground and launch Nigeria fully into the Information Age. References 1. National Universities Commission (Amendment) Decree, no. 49 of 1988. 2. National Universities Commission. Report of Technical Workshop on 'Electronic Networking of Nigerian Univer- sities', held in Abuja, October 3031, 1995. Abuja, NUC, 1996. 32 p. ISBN 978-2916-05-06. p. 22. 3. Address presented by the Executive Secretary of NUC, Pro- fessor Munzali Jibril, at the commissioning of the NUNet Secretariat at the NUC Abuja on the 27th October 1997. Abstract The Nigerian University System (NUS) comprises forty-two institutions in more than twenty-four states and the Fed- eral capital territory. The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the na- tional level for access to and distribution of information re- quired by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other com- puterized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. More investment by the private sector is needed to get the local Internet explosion off the ground and launch Nigeria fully into the Informa- tion Age. Ajibola Maxwell Oyinloye is Collection Development Librar- ian at Lagos State University Library, Lagos, Nigeria, and a member of the University's NUNet Committee. He may be contacted at: Lagos State University Library, Badagry Express- way, Ojo, PMB 1087, Apapa, Lagos, Nigeria. NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES NETWORK 192 Information Development, vol. 14, no. 4, December 1998 MORE ON NETWORKS IN NIGERIA A prescriptive model for planning a national scientific and technical information network for Nigeria. E. E. Nkereuwem. OCLC Systems and Services, 13 (3) 1997, p.98101. refs. As the developed countries of the world that have embraced the electronic information revolution move ahead, most African countries, including Nigeria, are finding themselves increasingly isolated from the global Internet information system. High- lights major factors inhibiting the utilization of scientific and technical information in Nigeria, stressing that it is imperative to secure a means of keeping researchers abreast of developments in their fields for the purpose of advancing and diffusing knowledge. Recommends the establishment of a national Scientific and Technical Information Centre to oversee the connec- tion of Nigeria to the Internet. Describes the model for setting up such an institution. (From Library and Information Science Abstracts) </meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref><citation citation-type="other" xlink:type="simple">1.National Universities Commission (Amendment) Decree, no. 49 of 1988.</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" xlink:type="simple">2. <name name-style="western"><surname>National Universities Commission</surname></name>. <source>Report of Technical Workshop on ‘Electronic Networking of Nigerian Universities’, held in Abuja, October 30–31, 1995</source>. <publisher-loc>Abuja</publisher-loc>, <publisher-name>NUC</publisher-name>, <year>1996</year>. <fpage>32</fpage>-<lpage>32</lpage> p. <pub-id pub-id-type="other">ISBN 978-2916-05-06</pub-id>. p. <fpage>22</fpage>-<lpage>22</lpage>.</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="confproc" xlink:type="simple">3. Address presented by the <conf-name>Executive Secretary of NUC, Professor Munzali Jibril, at the commissioning of the NUNet Secretariat</conf-name> at the <conf-loc>NUC Abuja</conf-loc> on the <conf-date>27th October 1997</conf-date>.</citation></ref></ref-list></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Nigerian Universities Network Œ gateway to the world</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Nigerian Universities Network Œ gateway to the world</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ajibola Maxwell</namePart><namePart type="family">Oyinloye</namePart><affiliation>Lagos State University Library, Lagos, Nigeria</affiliation></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Sage Publications</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1998-12</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1998</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The Nigerian University System (NUS) comprises forty-two institutions in more than twenty-four states and the Federal capital territory. The Nigerian Universities Network (NUNet), aims to create a linked environment at the national level for access to and distribution of information required by each university through campus-wide voice and data communications networks. The NUNet project will be implemented in phases, for completion in 1999. Other computerized network projects in Nigeria include the Academic Computer Network, the Regional Informatics Network for Africa and the Cooperative Network for Researchers in Agriculture, Health and Education. More investment by the private sector is needed to get the local Internet explosion off the ground and launch Nigeria fully into the Information Age.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Information Development</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0266-6669</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1741-6469</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">IDV</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">spidv</identifier><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>14</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>189</start><end>192</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">698149C5B85906358C9081B2501E72524E6A4884</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1177/0266666984239472</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">10.1177_0266666984239472</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>SAGE</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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