Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf
Identifieur interne : 003B87 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 003B86; suivant : 003B88Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf
Auteurs : Michael Z. Li ; Carl L. Amos ; David E. HefflerSource :
- Marine Geology [ 0025-3227 ] ; 1997.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Near-bed measurements of waves, currents, seabed responses and ripple migration rates were obtained using an instrumented tripod at a water depth of 39 m on the Scotian Shelf during the winter of 1992/93. These data and the Grant and Madsen's (1986) [Grant W.D., Madsen O.S., 1986. The continental shelf bottom boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 265–305.] combined-flow boundary layer model are used to examine wave-current interaction, various sediment dynamic thresholds and sediment transport on an exposed, high-energy continental shelf. The seabed was found to be rippled for most time of the deployment and thus the ripple-enhanced combined skin-friction shear velocity had to be used to determine the initiation of bedload transport under combined flows. This indirectly indicates adequate predictions of the skin-friction shear velocities inside the wave boundary layer by the Grant and Madsen model. At high transport stages, bedload roughness must be added to the grain size roughness to obtain a transportrelated combined shear velocity in order to predict correctly the onsets of saltation/suspension and sheet flow transports. Otherwise, the initiation of suspended load transport and the total sediment transport rates will be severely under-estimated. The comparison between the prediction by the Grant and Madsen (1986) model and the calculation of a quadratic stress law suggests that the total current shear velocity was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 due to the wave-current interaction during storms, while the apparent bottom roughness was increased by more than an order of magnitude. The non-linear coupling between waves and currents also causes a 20% increase of the combined skinfriction shear velocity inside the wave boundary layer. This non-linear coupling is most important when waves and currents are roughly equal in magnitude and the angles between them are less than 30 °. Four sediment transport formulae were tested. While the Engelund-Hansen total-load and Yalin bedload methods did not perform well, the Einstein-Brown and Bagnold formulae were found to, respectively, give reasonable predictions of the bedload and total-load sediment transport rates under the observed combined-flow conditions. The predicted sediment transport direction is also in good agreement with the observed ripple migration direction. The GSC sediment transport model SEDTRANS92 predicts that the net daily transport rates during the storms reached 822 kg m−1 day−1 and were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the non-storm transport, suggesting the dominance of storm processes in sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf. These values are in good agreement with the results from sand tracer experiments conducted in this region. We thus conclude that SEDTRANS92 can properly simulate boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport on continental shelves.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739CLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Michael Z" sort="Li, Michael Z" uniqKey="Li M" first="Michael Z." last="Li">Michael Z. Li</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: li@agc.bio.ns.ca</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amos, Carl L" sort="Amos, Carl L" uniqKey="Amos C" first="Carl L." last="Amos">Carl L. Amos</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heffler, David E" sort="Heffler, David E" uniqKey="Heffler D" first="David E." last="Heffler">David E. Heffler</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C</idno>
<date when="1997" year="1997">1997</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">003B87</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Michael Z" sort="Li, Michael Z" uniqKey="Li M" first="Michael Z." last="Li">Michael Z. Li</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: li@agc.bio.ns.ca</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amos, Carl L" sort="Amos, Carl L" uniqKey="Amos C" first="Carl L." last="Amos">Carl L. Amos</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heffler, David E" sort="Heffler, David E" uniqKey="Heffler D" first="David E." last="Heffler">David E. Heffler</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j">Marine Geology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">MARGO</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0025-3227</idno>
<imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1997">1997</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">141</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1–4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="157">157</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="181">181</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0025-3227</idno>
</series>
<idno type="istex">DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0025-3227(97)00060-1</idno>
<idno type="ArticleID">97000601</idno>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0025-3227</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>bottom boundary layer dynamics</term>
<term>combined waves and currents</term>
<term>continental shelf</term>
<term>sediment transport thresholds</term>
<term>storm sediment transport</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage><language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Near-bed measurements of waves, currents, seabed responses and ripple migration rates were obtained using an instrumented tripod at a water depth of 39 m on the Scotian Shelf during the winter of 1992/93. These data and the Grant and Madsen's (1986) [Grant W.D., Madsen O.S., 1986. The continental shelf bottom boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 265–305.] combined-flow boundary layer model are used to examine wave-current interaction, various sediment dynamic thresholds and sediment transport on an exposed, high-energy continental shelf. The seabed was found to be rippled for most time of the deployment and thus the ripple-enhanced combined skin-friction shear velocity had to be used to determine the initiation of bedload transport under combined flows. This indirectly indicates adequate predictions of the skin-friction shear velocities inside the wave boundary layer by the Grant and Madsen model. At high transport stages, bedload roughness must be added to the grain size roughness to obtain a transportrelated combined shear velocity in order to predict correctly the onsets of saltation/suspension and sheet flow transports. Otherwise, the initiation of suspended load transport and the total sediment transport rates will be severely under-estimated. The comparison between the prediction by the Grant and Madsen (1986) model and the calculation of a quadratic stress law suggests that the total current shear velocity was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 due to the wave-current interaction during storms, while the apparent bottom roughness was increased by more than an order of magnitude. The non-linear coupling between waves and currents also causes a 20% increase of the combined skinfriction shear velocity inside the wave boundary layer. This non-linear coupling is most important when waves and currents are roughly equal in magnitude and the angles between them are less than 30 °. Four sediment transport formulae were tested. While the Engelund-Hansen total-load and Yalin bedload methods did not perform well, the Einstein-Brown and Bagnold formulae were found to, respectively, give reasonable predictions of the bedload and total-load sediment transport rates under the observed combined-flow conditions. The predicted sediment transport direction is also in good agreement with the observed ripple migration direction. The GSC sediment transport model SEDTRANS92 predicts that the net daily transport rates during the storms reached 822 kg m−1 day−1 and were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the non-storm transport, suggesting the dominance of storm processes in sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf. These values are in good agreement with the results from sand tracer experiments conducted in this region. We thus conclude that SEDTRANS92 can properly simulate boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport on continental shelves.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName>
<author><json:item><name>Michael Z. Li</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</json:string>
<json:string>E-mail: li@agc.bio.ns.ca</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>Carl L. Amos</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item><name>David E. Heffler</name>
<affiliations><json:string>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>continental shelf</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>combined waves and currents</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>bottom boundary layer dynamics</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>sediment transport thresholds</value>
</json:item>
<json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string>
</lang>
<value>storm sediment transport</value>
</json:item>
</subject>
<articleId><json:string>97000601</json:string>
</articleId>
<language><json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<abstract>Near-bed measurements of waves, currents, seabed responses and ripple migration rates were obtained using an instrumented tripod at a water depth of 39 m on the Scotian Shelf during the winter of 1992/93. These data and the Grant and Madsen's (1986) [Grant W.D., Madsen O.S., 1986. The continental shelf bottom boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 265–305.] combined-flow boundary layer model are used to examine wave-current interaction, various sediment dynamic thresholds and sediment transport on an exposed, high-energy continental shelf. The seabed was found to be rippled for most time of the deployment and thus the ripple-enhanced combined skin-friction shear velocity had to be used to determine the initiation of bedload transport under combined flows. This indirectly indicates adequate predictions of the skin-friction shear velocities inside the wave boundary layer by the Grant and Madsen model. At high transport stages, bedload roughness must be added to the grain size roughness to obtain a transportrelated combined shear velocity in order to predict correctly the onsets of saltation/suspension and sheet flow transports. Otherwise, the initiation of suspended load transport and the total sediment transport rates will be severely under-estimated. The comparison between the prediction by the Grant and Madsen (1986) model and the calculation of a quadratic stress law suggests that the total current shear velocity was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 due to the wave-current interaction during storms, while the apparent bottom roughness was increased by more than an order of magnitude. The non-linear coupling between waves and currents also causes a 20% increase of the combined skinfriction shear velocity inside the wave boundary layer. This non-linear coupling is most important when waves and currents are roughly equal in magnitude and the angles between them are less than 30 °. Four sediment transport formulae were tested. While the Engelund-Hansen total-load and Yalin bedload methods did not perform well, the Einstein-Brown and Bagnold formulae were found to, respectively, give reasonable predictions of the bedload and total-load sediment transport rates under the observed combined-flow conditions. The predicted sediment transport direction is also in good agreement with the observed ripple migration direction. The GSC sediment transport model SEDTRANS92 predicts that the net daily transport rates during the storms reached 822 kg m−1 day−1 and were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the non-storm transport, suggesting the dominance of storm processes in sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf. These values are in good agreement with the results from sand tracer experiments conducted in this region. We thus conclude that SEDTRANS92 can properly simulate boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport on continental shelves.</abstract>
<qualityIndicators><score>8</score>
<pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageSize>540 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<keywordCount>5</keywordCount>
<abstractCharCount>2876</abstractCharCount>
<pdfWordCount>10738</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>67734</pdfCharCount>
<pdfPageCount>25</pdfPageCount>
<abstractWordCount>429</abstractWordCount>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
<pii><json:string>S0025-3227(97)00060-1</json:string>
</pii>
<genre><json:string>research-article</json:string>
</genre>
<serie><volume>99</volume>
<pages><last>2060</last>
<first>2041</first>
</pages>
<genre></genre>
<language><json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<title>(HY11)</title>
</serie>
<host><volume>141</volume>
<pii><json:string>S0025-3227(00)X0032-1</json:string>
</pii>
<pages><last>181</last>
<first>157</first>
</pages>
<issn><json:string>0025-3227</json:string>
</issn>
<issue>1–4</issue>
<genre><json:string>Journal</json:string>
</genre>
<language><json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<title>Marine Geology</title>
<publicationDate>1997</publicationDate>
</host>
<categories><wos><json:string>GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY</json:string>
<json:string>OCEANOGRAPHY</json:string>
</wos>
</categories>
<publicationDate>1997</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>1997</copyrightDate>
<doi><json:string>10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1</json:string>
</doi>
<id>DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C</id>
<fulltext><json:item><original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C/fulltext/pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item><original>true</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<extension>txt</extension>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C/fulltext/txt</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item><original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<extension>zip</extension>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C/fulltext/zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<availability><p>ELSEVIER</p>
</availability>
<date>1997</date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt><note type="content">Section title: Research paper</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
<author><persName><forename type="first">Michael Z.</forename>
<surname>Li</surname>
</persName>
<email>li@agc.bio.ns.ca</email>
<note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Phone: (902) 426-9459; fax: (902) 426-4104.</p>
</note>
<affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</affiliation>
</author>
<author><persName><forename type="first">Carl L.</forename>
<surname>Amos</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</affiliation>
</author>
<author><persName><forename type="first">David E.</forename>
<surname>Heffler</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr><title level="j">Marine Geology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">MARGO</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0025-3227</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0025-3227(00)X0032-1</idno>
<imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1997"></date>
<biblScope unit="volume">141</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1–4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="157">157</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="181">181</biblScope>
</imprint>
</monogr>
<idno type="istex">DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0025-3227(97)00060-1</idno>
<idno type="ArticleID">97000601</idno>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><creation><date>1997</date>
</creation>
<langUsage><language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Near-bed measurements of waves, currents, seabed responses and ripple migration rates were obtained using an instrumented tripod at a water depth of 39 m on the Scotian Shelf during the winter of 1992/93. These data and the Grant and Madsen's (1986) [Grant W.D., Madsen O.S., 1986. The continental shelf bottom boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 265–305.] combined-flow boundary layer model are used to examine wave-current interaction, various sediment dynamic thresholds and sediment transport on an exposed, high-energy continental shelf. The seabed was found to be rippled for most time of the deployment and thus the ripple-enhanced combined skin-friction shear velocity had to be used to determine the initiation of bedload transport under combined flows. This indirectly indicates adequate predictions of the skin-friction shear velocities inside the wave boundary layer by the Grant and Madsen model. At high transport stages, bedload roughness must be added to the grain size roughness to obtain a transportrelated combined shear velocity in order to predict correctly the onsets of saltation/suspension and sheet flow transports. Otherwise, the initiation of suspended load transport and the total sediment transport rates will be severely under-estimated. The comparison between the prediction by the Grant and Madsen (1986) model and the calculation of a quadratic stress law suggests that the total current shear velocity was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 due to the wave-current interaction during storms, while the apparent bottom roughness was increased by more than an order of magnitude. The non-linear coupling between waves and currents also causes a 20% increase of the combined skinfriction shear velocity inside the wave boundary layer. This non-linear coupling is most important when waves and currents are roughly equal in magnitude and the angles between them are less than 30 °. Four sediment transport formulae were tested. While the Engelund-Hansen total-load and Yalin bedload methods did not perform well, the Einstein-Brown and Bagnold formulae were found to, respectively, give reasonable predictions of the bedload and total-load sediment transport rates under the observed combined-flow conditions. The predicted sediment transport direction is also in good agreement with the observed ripple migration direction. The GSC sediment transport model SEDTRANS92 predicts that the net daily transport rates during the storms reached 822 kg m−1 day−1 and were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the non-storm transport, suggesting the dominance of storm processes in sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf. These values are in good agreement with the results from sand tracer experiments conducted in this region. We thus conclude that SEDTRANS92 can properly simulate boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport on continental shelves.</p>
</abstract>
<textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head>
<item><term>continental shelf</term>
</item>
<item><term>combined waves and currents</term>
</item>
<item><term>bottom boundary layer dynamics</term>
</item>
<item><term>sediment transport thresholds</term>
</item>
<item><term>storm sediment transport</term>
</item>
</list>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc><change when="1997-04-28">Registration</change>
<change when="1997">Published</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
</fulltext>
<metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" </istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType>
<istex:document><article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>MARGO</jid>
<aid>97000601</aid>
<ce:pii>S0025-3227(97)00060-1</ce:pii>
<ce:doi>10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1</ce:doi>
<ce:copyright type="other" year="1997">Elsevier Science B.V. All Rights Reseved</ce:copyright>
</item-info>
<head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Research paper</ce:textfn>
</ce:dochead>
<ce:title>Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</ce:title>
<ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Michael Z.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:cross-ref refid="cor1"><ce:sup>*</ce:sup>
</ce:cross-ref>
<ce:e-address>li@agc.bio.ns.ca</ce:e-address>
</ce:author>
<ce:author><ce:given-name>Carl L.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
</ce:author>
<ce:author><ce:given-name>David E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Heffler</ce:surname>
</ce:author>
<ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
<ce:correspondence id="cor1"><ce:label>*</ce:label>
<ce:text>Corresponding author. Phone: (902) 426-9459; fax: (902) 426-4104.</ce:text>
</ce:correspondence>
</ce:author-group>
<ce:date-received day="15" month="1" year="1997"></ce:date-received>
<ce:date-accepted day="28" month="4" year="1997"></ce:date-accepted>
<ce:abstract id="ab1" class="author" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title>
<ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Near-bed measurements of waves, currents, seabed responses and ripple migration rates were obtained using an instrumented tripod at a water depth of 39 m on the Scotian Shelf during the winter of 1992/93. These data and the Grant and Madsen's (1986) [Grant W.D., Madsen O.S., 1986. The continental shelf bottom boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 265–305.] combined-flow boundary layer model are used to examine wave-current interaction, various sediment dynamic thresholds and sediment transport on an exposed, high-energy continental shelf. The seabed was found to be rippled for most time of the deployment and thus the ripple-enhanced combined skin-friction shear velocity had to be used to determine the initiation of bedload transport under combined flows. This indirectly indicates adequate predictions of the skin-friction shear velocities inside the wave boundary layer by the Grant and Madsen model. At high transport stages, bedload roughness must be added to the grain size roughness to obtain a transportrelated combined shear velocity in order to predict correctly the onsets of saltation/suspension and sheet flow transports. Otherwise, the initiation of suspended load transport and the total sediment transport rates will be severely under-estimated. The comparison between the prediction by the Grant and Madsen (1986) model and the calculation of a quadratic stress law suggests that the total current shear velocity was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 due to the wave-current interaction during storms, while the apparent bottom roughness was increased by more than an order of magnitude. The non-linear coupling between waves and currents also causes a 20% increase of the combined skinfriction shear velocity inside the wave boundary layer. This non-linear coupling is most important when waves and currents are roughly equal in magnitude and the angles between them are less than 30 °. Four sediment transport formulae were tested. While the Engelund-Hansen total-load and Yalin bedload methods did not perform well, the Einstein-Brown and Bagnold formulae were found to, respectively, give reasonable predictions of the bedload and total-load sediment transport rates under the observed combined-flow conditions. The predicted sediment transport direction is also in good agreement with the observed ripple migration direction. The GSC sediment transport model SEDTRANS92 predicts that the net daily transport rates during the storms reached 822 kg m<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>
day<ce:sup>−1</ce:sup>
and were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the non-storm transport, suggesting the dominance of storm processes in sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf. These values are in good agreement with the results from sand tracer experiments conducted in this region. We thus conclude that SEDTRANS92 can properly simulate boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport on continental shelves.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
</ce:abstract>
<ce:keywords class="keyword" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>continental shelf</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>combined waves and currents</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>bottom boundary layer dynamics</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>sediment transport thresholds</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
<ce:keyword><ce:text>storm sediment transport</ce:text>
</ce:keyword>
</ce:keywords>
</head>
<tail><ce:bibliography><ce:section-title>Reference</ce:section-title>
<ce:bibliography-sec><ce:bib-reference id="bib1"><ce:label>Ackers and White, 1973</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Ackers</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>White</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transport: new approach and analysis</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hydraul. Div., Proc. ASCE</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>99</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1973</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>2041</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>2060</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>(HY11)</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib2"><ce:label>Allen, 1970</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Allen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.R.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Physical Processes and Sedimentation</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:date>1970</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Unwin Univ. Books</sb:name>
<sb:location>London</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>248</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib3"><ce:label>Amos and Judge, 1991</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Judge</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.T.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transport on the eastern Canadian continental shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cont. Shelf Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>11</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1991</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1068</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1073</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib4"><ce:label>Amos et al., 1988</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Bowen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Huntley</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Lewis</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.F.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ripple generation under the combined influences of waves and currents on the Canadian continental shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cont. Shelf Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>8</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1988</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1129</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1153</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib5"><ce:label>Amos et al., 1997</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Bowen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Huntley</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Judge</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.T.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.Z.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ripple migration and sand transport under combined flows on the Scotian Shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1997</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>submitted</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib6"><ce:label>Arnott and Southard, 1990</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Arnott</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Southard</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Exploratory flow duct experiments on combined flow bed configurations and some implications for interpreting storm event stratification</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>60</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1990</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>211</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>219</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib7"><ce:label>Bagnold, 1956</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Bagnold</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Flow of cohesionless grains in fluids</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>A249</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1956</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>235</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>297</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib8"><ce:label>Bagnold, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Bagnold</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mechanics of marine sedimentation</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Hill</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.N.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The Sea</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>Vol. 3</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Wiley-Interscience</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>507</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>527</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib9"><ce:label>Boyd et al., 1988</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Boyd</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Forbes</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Heffler</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Time-sequence observations of wave-formed sand ripples on an ocean shoreface</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentology</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>35</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1988</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>449</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>464</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib10"><ce:label>Brown, 1950</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Brown</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transportation</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Rouse</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Engineering Hydraulics</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1950</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Wiley</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>796</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib11"><ce:label>Butman et al., 1979</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Butman</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Noble</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Folger</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Long-term observations of bottom current and bottom sediment movement on the Mid-Atlantic continental shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>84</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1979</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1187</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1205</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib12"><ce:label>Cacchione and Drake, 1990</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Cacchione</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Drake</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Shelf sediment transport: an overview with applications to the Northern California continental shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>LeMehaute</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>Hanes</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The Sea</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>Vol. 9</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1990</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Wiley-Interscience</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>729</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>773</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib13"><ce:label>Cacchione et al., 1987</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Cacchione</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Drake</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Glenn</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>S.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Storm-dominated bottom boundary layer dynamics on the northern California continental shelf: Measurements and predictions</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>92</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1987</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1817</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1827</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib14"><ce:label>Carstens et al., 1969</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Carstens</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Neilson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Altinbilek</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>H.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bedforms generated in the laboratory under oscillatory flow: analytical and experimental study</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Coastal Eng. Res. Cent. Tech. Mem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>28</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1969</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>39</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib15"><ce:label>Davidson and Amos, 1985</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Davidson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>A re-evaluation of SED1D and SED2D: sediment transport models for the continental shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Geol. Surv. Can. Open-File Rep. 1705, Sect. 3</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>54</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib16"><ce:label>Dietrich, 1982</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Dietrich</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Flow, Boundary Shear Stress and Sediment Transport in a River Meander</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ph.D. Dissert</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1982</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Univ. Washington</sb:name>
<sb:location>Seattle</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>261</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib17"><ce:label>Dingler and Inman, 1976</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Dingler</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Inman</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Wave-formed ripples in nearshore sands</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 15th Coastal Eng. Conf.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1976</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>ASCE</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>2109</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>2126</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib18"><ce:label>Drake and Cacchione, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Drake</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Cacchione</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Field observations of bed shear stress and sediment resuspension on continental shelves, Alaska and California</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cont. Shelf Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>6</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>415</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>429</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib19"><ce:label>Drake and Cacchione, 1992</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Drake</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Cacchione</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Wave-current interaction in the bottom boundary layer during storm and non-storm conditions: observations and model predictions</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cont. Shelf Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>12</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1992</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1331</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1352</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib20"><ce:label>Du Toit and Sleath, 1981</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Du Toit</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.G.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Sleath</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.F.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Velocity measurements close to rippled beds in oscillatory flow</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Fluid Mech.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>112</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1981</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>71</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>96</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib21"><ce:label>Engelund and Hansen, 1967</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Engelund</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Hansen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>A monograph on sediment transport in alluvial streams</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:date>1967</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Teknisk Vorlag</sb:name>
<sb:location>Copenhagen</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>62</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib22"><ce:label>Gadd et al., 1978</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Gadd</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Lavelle</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Swift</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.J.P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Estimate of sand transport on the New York shelf using near-bottom current meter observations</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>48</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1978</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>239</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>252</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib23"><ce:label>Gibbs et al., 1971</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Gibbs</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Mathews</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Link</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>The relationship between sphere size and settling velocity</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>41</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1971</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>7</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>18</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib24"><ce:label>Glenn and Grant, 1987</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Glenn</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>S.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>A suspended sediment stratification correction for combined wave and current flows</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>92</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1987</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>8244</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>8264</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib25"><ce:label>Grant and Madsen, 1979</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Madsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>84</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1979</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1797</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1808</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib26"><ce:label>Grant and Madsen, 1982</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Madsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Moveable bed roughness in unsteady oscillatory flow</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>87</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1982</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>469</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>481</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib27"><ce:label>Grant and Madsen, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Madsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>The continental shelf bottom boundary layer</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>18</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>265</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>305</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib28"><ce:label>Grant et al., 1984</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Williams</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Glenn</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>S.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bottom stress estimates and their prediction on the northern California continental shelf during CODE-1: The importance of wave—current interaction</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Phys. Oceanogr.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>14</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>506</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>527</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib29"><ce:label>Green et al., 1990</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Green</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.O.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Rees</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Pearson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>N.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Evidence for the influence of wave-current interaction in a tidal boundary layer</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>95</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1990</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>9629</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>9644</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib30"><ce:label>Guy et al., 1966</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Guy</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>H.P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Simons</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Richardson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>E.V.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Summary of alluvial channel data from flume experiments, 1956–1961</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 462-1</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1966</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>96</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Washington, D.C.</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib31"><ce:label>Hammond and Collins, 1979</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hammond</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>T.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Collins</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>On the threshold of transport of sand-sized sediment under the combined influence of unidirectional and oscillatory flow</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentology</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>26</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1979</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>795</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>812</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib32"><ce:label>Heathershaw, 1981</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heathershaw</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Comparisons of measured and predicted sediment transport rates in tidal currents</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentary Dynamics of Continental Shelves</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:book-series><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Nittrouer</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>42</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1981</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>75</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>104</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib33"><ce:label>Heffler, 1984</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Heffler</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>RALPH—An instrument to monitor seabed sediments</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Current Res. Part B, Geol. Surv. Can. Pap. 84-1b</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>47</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>52</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib34"><ce:label>Hodgins and Sayao, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hodgins</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.O.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Sayao</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Field measurements of sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf, Vol. II. Boundary layer measurements and sand transport prediction</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Environmental Studies Revolving Funds, Rep. 041</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>114</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Ottawa</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib35"><ce:label>Hodgins et al., 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Hodgins</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.O.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Drapeau</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>King</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>L.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Field measurements of sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The radio-isotope experiment. Environmental Studies Revolving Funds, Rep. 041</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>Vol. 1</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>160</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Ottawa</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib36"><ce:label>Huntley and Hazen, 1988</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Huntley</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.A.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Hazen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.G.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Seabed stresses in combined wave and steady flow conditions on the Nova Scotia continental shelf: Field measurements and predictions</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Phys. Oceanogr.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>18</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1988</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>347</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>362</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib37"><ce:label>Inman, 1957</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Inman</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Wave-generated ripples in nearshore sands</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Tech. Mem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>100</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1957</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board</sb:name>
<sb:location>Washington, D.C.,</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>66</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib38"><ce:label>Kachel and Sternberg, 1971</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kachel</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>N.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Sternberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Transport of bedload as ripples during an ebb current</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1971</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>229</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>244</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib39"><ce:label>Kapdasli, 1990</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kapdasli</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Threshold condition of sand particles under codirectional combined wave and current flow</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Geo-Mar. Lett.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1990</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>45</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>49</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib40"><ce:label>Kapdasli and Dyer, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Kapdasli</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Dyer</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>K.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Threshold conditions for sand movement on a rippled bed</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Geo-Mar. Lett.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>6</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>161</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>164</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib41"><ce:label>Komar and Miller, 1975a</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Komar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Miller</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>On the comparison between the threshold of sediment motion under waves and unidirectional currents with a discussion of the practical evaluation of the threshold</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>45</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1975</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>362</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>367</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib42"><ce:label>Komar and Miller, 1975b</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Komar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Miller</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>The initiation of oscillatory ripple marks and the development of plane-bed at high shear stresses under waves</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>45</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1975</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>697</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>703</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib43"><ce:label>Larsen et al., 1981</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Larsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>L.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Sternberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Shi</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>N.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Marsden</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.A.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Thomas</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Field investigations of the threshold of grain motion by ocean waves and currents</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>42</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1981</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>105</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>132</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib44"><ce:label>Lees, 1983</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Lees</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>B.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>A relationship of sediment transport rates and paths to sandbanks in a tidally dominated area off the coast of East Anglia, U.K.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentology</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>30</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>461</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>483</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib45"><ce:label>Li, 1994</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.Z.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Direct skin friction measurements and stress partitioning over movable sand ripples</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>99</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1994</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>791</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>799</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib46"><ce:label>Li and Amos, 1995</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.Z.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>SEDTRANS92: A sediment transport model for continental shelves</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Comput. Geosci.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>21</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1995</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>533</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>554</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib47"><ce:label>Li and Amos, 1997</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.Z.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Predicting ripple geometry and bed roughness under combined waves and currents in a continental shelf environment</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Cont. Shelf Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1997</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>in press</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib48"><ce:label>Li and Komar, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>Z.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Komar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Laboratory measurements of pivoting angles for applications to selective entrainment of gravel in a current</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentology</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>33</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>413</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>423</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib49"><ce:label>Li et al., 1996</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Li</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.Z.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Wright</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>L.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Amos</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Predicting ripple roughness and sand resuspension under combined flows in a shoreface environment</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>130</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1996</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>139</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>161</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib50"><ce:label>Madsen and Grant, 1975</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Madsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Grant</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>The threshold of sediment movement under oscillatory waves: a discussion</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>45</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1975</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>360</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>361</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib51"><ce:label>Manohar, 1955</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Manohar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mechanics of bottom sediment movement due to wave action</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Tech. Mem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>75</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1955</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Beach Erosion Board</sb:name>
<sb:location>Washington, D.C.,</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>121</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib52"><ce:label>Martec, 1984</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Martec</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>Ltd.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>SED1D: A sediment transport model for the continental shelf</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:comment>Unpubl. Rep. Submitted to the Geol. Surv. Can.</sb:comment>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>DSS Contract IOSC. 23420-3-M753</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>63</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib53"><ce:label>Martec, 1987</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Martec</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>Ltd.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Upgrading of AGC sediment transport model</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Geol. Surv. Can., Open-File Rep. 1705, Sect. 10 C</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1987</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>14</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib54"><ce:label>Miller and Komar, 1980a</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Miller</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Komar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Oscillation sand ripples generated by laboratory apparatus</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>50</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1980</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>173</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>182</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib55"><ce:label>Miller and Komar, 1980b</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Miller</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Komar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>A field investigation of the relationship between oscillation ripple spacing and the nearbottom water orbital motion</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Sediment. Petrol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>50</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1980</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>183</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>191</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib56"><ce:label>Miller et al., 1977</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Miller</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>McCave</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>I.N.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Komar</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Threshold of sediment motion under unidirectional currents</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentology</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>24</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1977</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>507</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>527</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib57"><ce:label>Miller and Byrne, 1966</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Miller</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Byrne</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>The angle of repose for a single grain on a fixed rough bed</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sedimentology</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>6</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1966</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>303</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>314</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib58"><ce:label>Mobil Oil Canada Ltd., 1983</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mobil Oil Canada Ltd.</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Venture development project environmental impact statement</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Biophysical assessment</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>Vol. IIa</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Mobil Oil Canada Ltd.,</sb:name>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>415</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Submitted to Canada Oil and Gas Lands Administration, Ottawa</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib59"><ce:label>Mogridge and Kamphuis, 1972</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mogridge</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>G.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Kamphuis</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Experiments on bedform generation by wave action</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. 13th Coastal Eng. Conf.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1972</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>ASCE</sb:name>
<sb:location>Vancouver</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1123</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1142</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib60"><ce:label>Mogridge et al., 1994</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Mogridge</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>G.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Davies</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Willis</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Geometry prediction for wave-generated bedforms</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coastal Eng.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>22</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1994</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>255</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>286</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib61"><ce:label>Nielsen, 1981</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Nielsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Dynamics and geometry of wave-generated ripples</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>86</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1981</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>6467</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>6472</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib62"><ce:label>Nielsen, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Nielsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Suspended sediment concentrations under waves</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coastal Eng.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>23</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>31</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib63"><ce:label>Nielsen, 1992</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Nielsen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Coastal bottom boundary layers and sediment transport</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Advanced Series on Ocean Eng.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>Vol. 4</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1992</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>World Scientific</sb:name>
<sb:location>Singapore</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>324</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib64"><ce:label>Paola, 1983</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Paola</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Flow and skin friction over natural rough beds</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sc.D. Dissert.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>MIT-WHOI Jt. Prog. Oceanogr., Mass. Inst. of Technol./Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst.,</sb:name>
<sb:location>Woods Hole, MA</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>338</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib65"><ce:label>Pattiaratchi and Collins, 1984</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Pattiaratchi</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Collins</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transport under waves and tidal currents: a case study from the northern Bristol Channel, U.K.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>56</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1984</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>27</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>40</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib66"><ce:label>Pattiaratchi and Collins, 1985</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Pattiaratchi</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Collins</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sand transport under the combined influence of waves and tidal currents: An assessment of available formulae</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>67</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1985</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>83</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>100</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib67"><ce:label>Sawamoto and Yamashita, 1986</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Sawamoto</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Yamashita</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transport rate due to wave action</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hydrosci. Hydraul. Eng.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>15</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib68"><ce:label>Smith, 1977</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Smith</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Modelling of sediment transport on continental shelves</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Goldberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>E.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:et-al></sb:et-al>
</sb:editors>
<sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>The Sea</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>Vol. 6</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1977</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Wiley-Interscience</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>539</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>577</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib69"><ce:label>Smith and Hopkins, 1972</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Smith</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Hopkins</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>T.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transport on the continental shelf off of Washington and Oregon in light of recent current measurements</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Swift</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.J.P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>Duane</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>Pilkey</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Shelf Sediment Transport: Process and Pattern. Dowden</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1972</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Hutchinson and Ross</sb:name>
<sb:location>Stroudsburg, PA</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>143</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>180</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib70"><ce:label>Smith and McLean, 1977</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Smith</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>McLean</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>S.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Boundary layer adjustments to bottom topography and suspended sediments</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Nihoul</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.C.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bottom Turbulence</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1977</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Elsevier</sb:name>
<sb:location>New York</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>123</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>151</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib71"><ce:label>Soulsby, 1983</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Soulsby</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>The bottom boundary layer of shelf seas</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Johns</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Physical Oceanography of Coastal and Shelf Seas</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1983</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Elsevier</sb:name>
<sb:location>Amsterdam</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Ch. 5</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib72"><ce:label>Sternberg, 1972</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Sternberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Predicting initial motion and bedload transport of sediment particles in the shallow marine environment</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Swift</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.J.P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>Duane</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.B.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>Pilkey</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>O.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Shelf Sediment Transport: Process and Pattern</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1972</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross</sb:name>
<sb:location>Stroudsburg, PA</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>61</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>82</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib73"><ce:label>Swart, 1974</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Swart</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Offshore sediment transport and equilibrium beach profiles</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Delft Hydraul. Lab. Publ. 131</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1974</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib74"><ce:label>Swift et al., 1986a</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Swift</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.J.P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Han</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Vincent</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Fluid processes and sea-floor response on a modern storm-dominated shelf: Middle Atlantic shelf of North America, Part I. The storm current regime</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Shelf Sands and Sandstones</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:book-series><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Knight</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>McLean</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., Mem. II</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>99</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>120</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Calgary</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib75"><ce:label>Swift et al., 1986b</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Swift</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.J.P.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Thorne</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Oertel</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>G.F.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Fluid processes and sea-floor response on a modern storm-dominated shelf: Middle Atlantic shelf of North America, Part II. Response of the Shelf Floor</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Shelf Sands and Sandstones</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:book-series><sb:editors><sb:editor><ce:surname>Knight</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>R.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
<sb:editor><ce:surname>McLean</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:editor>
</sb:editors>
<sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Can. Soc. Pet. Geol., Mem. II</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1986</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>191</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>212</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>Calgary</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib76"><ce:label>Vincent et al., 1991</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Vincent</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Hanes</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Bowen</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Acoustic measurements of suspended sand on the shoreface and the control of concentration by bed roughness</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mar. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>96</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1991</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>18</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib77"><ce:label>White et al., 1975</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>White</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>W.R.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Milli</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Grabbe</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>A.D.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Sediment transport theories: a review</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>59</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1975</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>265</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>292</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib78"><ce:label>Wiberg and Harris, 1994</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Wiberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Harris</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>C.K.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Ripple geometry in wave-dominated environments</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>99</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1994</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>775</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>789</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib79"><ce:label>Wiberg and Nelson, 1992</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Wiberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Nelson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>J.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Unidirectional flow over asymmetric and symmetric ripples</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>97</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1992</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>12745</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>12761</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib80"><ce:label>Wiberg and Rubin, 1989</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Wiberg</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>P.L.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Rubin</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>D.M.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bed roughness produced by saltating sediment</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Geophys. Res.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>94</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1989</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>5011</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>5016</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib81"><ce:label>Wilson, 1966</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Wilson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>K.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Bed-load transport at high shear stress</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hydraul. Div., ASCE</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>92</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:issue-nr>HY6</sb:issue-nr>
<sb:date>1966</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>49</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>59</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib82"><ce:label>Wilson, 1988</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Wilson</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>K.C.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mobile-bed friction at high shear stress</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hydraul. Eng., ASCE</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>115</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1988</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>825</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>830</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib83"><ce:label>Yalin, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Yalin</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>An expression for bedload transportation</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:book-series><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hydraul. Div., Proc. ASCE</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>89</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>221</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>250</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
<sb:comment>(HY3)</sb:comment>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib84"><ce:label>Yalin, 1977</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Yalin</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Mechanics of Sediment Transport</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:edited-book><sb:date>1977</sb:date>
<sb:publisher><sb:name>Pergamon</sb:name>
<sb:location>Oxford</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>298</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib85"><ce:label>Yalin and Karahan, 1979</ce:label>
<sb:reference><sb:contribution><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Yalin</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>M.S.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
<sb:author><ce:surname>Karahan</ce:surname>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
<sb:title><sb:maintitle>Inception of sediment transport</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>J. Hydraul. Div., Am. Soc. Civ. Eng.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>105</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1979</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages><sb:first-page>1433</sb:first-page>
<sb:last-page>1443</sb:last-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
</ce:bibliography-sec>
</ce:bibliography>
</tail>
</article>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael Z.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Li</namePart>
<affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: li@agc.bio.ns.ca</affiliation>
<description>Corresponding author. Phone: (902) 426-9459; fax: (902) 426-4104.</description>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carl L.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Amos</namePart>
<affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David E.</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Heffler</namePart>
<affiliation>Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Atlantic Geoscience Centre, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2 Y 4A2, Canada</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre>
<originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1997</dateIssued>
<dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">1997-04-28</dateValid>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1997</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
</language>
<physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType>
</physicalDescription>
<abstract lang="en">Near-bed measurements of waves, currents, seabed responses and ripple migration rates were obtained using an instrumented tripod at a water depth of 39 m on the Scotian Shelf during the winter of 1992/93. These data and the Grant and Madsen's (1986) [Grant W.D., Madsen O.S., 1986. The continental shelf bottom boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 18, 265–305.] combined-flow boundary layer model are used to examine wave-current interaction, various sediment dynamic thresholds and sediment transport on an exposed, high-energy continental shelf. The seabed was found to be rippled for most time of the deployment and thus the ripple-enhanced combined skin-friction shear velocity had to be used to determine the initiation of bedload transport under combined flows. This indirectly indicates adequate predictions of the skin-friction shear velocities inside the wave boundary layer by the Grant and Madsen model. At high transport stages, bedload roughness must be added to the grain size roughness to obtain a transportrelated combined shear velocity in order to predict correctly the onsets of saltation/suspension and sheet flow transports. Otherwise, the initiation of suspended load transport and the total sediment transport rates will be severely under-estimated. The comparison between the prediction by the Grant and Madsen (1986) model and the calculation of a quadratic stress law suggests that the total current shear velocity was enhanced by a factor of 2–3 due to the wave-current interaction during storms, while the apparent bottom roughness was increased by more than an order of magnitude. The non-linear coupling between waves and currents also causes a 20% increase of the combined skinfriction shear velocity inside the wave boundary layer. This non-linear coupling is most important when waves and currents are roughly equal in magnitude and the angles between them are less than 30 °. Four sediment transport formulae were tested. While the Engelund-Hansen total-load and Yalin bedload methods did not perform well, the Einstein-Brown and Bagnold formulae were found to, respectively, give reasonable predictions of the bedload and total-load sediment transport rates under the observed combined-flow conditions. The predicted sediment transport direction is also in good agreement with the observed ripple migration direction. The GSC sediment transport model SEDTRANS92 predicts that the net daily transport rates during the storms reached 822 kg m−1 day−1 and were 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the non-storm transport, suggesting the dominance of storm processes in sediment transport on the Scotian Shelf. These values are in good agreement with the results from sand tracer experiments conducted in this region. We thus conclude that SEDTRANS92 can properly simulate boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport on continental shelves.</abstract>
<note type="content">Section title: Research paper</note>
<subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre>
<topic>continental shelf</topic>
<topic>combined waves and currents</topic>
<topic>bottom boundary layer dynamics</topic>
<topic>sediment transport thresholds</topic>
<topic>storm sediment transport</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Marine Geology</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>MARGO</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="Journal">journal</genre>
<originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199709</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
<identifier type="ISSN">0025-3227</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0025-3227(00)X0032-1</identifier>
<part><detail type="volume"><number>141</number>
<caption>vol.</caption>
</detail>
<detail type="issue"><number>1–4</number>
<caption>no.</caption>
</detail>
<extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start>
<end>287</end>
</extent>
<extent unit="pages"><start>157</start>
<end>181</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00060-1</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0025-3227(97)00060-1</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">97000601</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="">© 1997Elsevier Science B.V. All Rights Reseved</accessCondition>
<recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V. All Rights Reseved, ©1997</recordOrigin>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
</metadata>
<enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY</classCode>
<classCode scheme="WOS">OCEANOGRAPHY</classCode>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:catWosTEI>
</enrichments>
</istex>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/OcrV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003B87 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 003B87 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Ticri/CIDE |area= OcrV1 |flux= Istex |étape= Corpus |type= RBID |clé= ISTEX:DC06351ADAA9B10762B3190DBF7FD10A0D49739C |texte= Boundary layer dynamics and sediment transport under storm and non-storm conditions on the Scotian Shelf }}
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. | ![]() |