Mathematical Symbol Indexing
Identifieur interne : 000299 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000298; suivant : 000300Mathematical Symbol Indexing
Auteurs : Simone Marinai ; Beatrice Miotti ; Giovanni SodaSource :
- Lecture Notes in Computer Science [ 0302-9743 ] ; 2009.
Abstract
Abstract: This paper addresses the indexing and retrieval of mathematical symbols from digitized documents. The proposed approach exploits Shape Contexts (SC) to describe the shape of mathematical symbols. Indexed symbols are represented with a vector space-based method that is grounded on SC clustering. We explore the use of the Self Organizing Map (SOM) to perform the clustering and we compare several approaches to compute the SCs. The retrieval performance are measured on a large collection of mathematical symbols gathered from the widely used INFTY database.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2_11
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:864BFA30D3EA44FCA812C222EF749D33F679EE01Le document en format XML
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The proposed approach exploits Shape Contexts (SC) to describe the shape of mathematical symbols. Indexed symbols are represented with a vector space-based method that is grounded on SC clustering. We explore the use of the Self Organizing Map (SOM) to perform the clustering and we compare several approaches to compute the SCs. 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of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Wolfgang</forename><surname>Wahlster</surname></persName><affiliation>DFKI and University of Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Roberto</forename><surname>Serra</surname></persName><email>rserra@unimore.com</email><affiliation>Dipartimento de Science Sociali, Cognitive e Quantitative, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Allegri 9, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italia</affiliation></editor><editor><persName><forename type="first">Rita</forename><surname>Cucchiara</surname></persName><email>rita.cucchiara@unimore.it</email><affiliation>Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell‘Informazione, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Vignolese 905, 41100, Modena, Italy</affiliation></editor><idno type="pISSN">0302-9743</idno><idno type="eISSN">1611-3349</idno><biblScope type="seriesId">1244</biblScope></series><idno 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University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Stanford</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff7"><OrgName>Weizmann Institute of Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Rehovot</City><Country>Israel</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff8"><OrgName>University of Bern</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Bern</City><Country>Switzerland</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff9"><OrgName>Indian Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Madras</City><Country>India</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff10"><OrgName>University of Dortmund</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Dortmund</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff11"><OrgName>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</OrgName><OrgAddress><State>MA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff12"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Los Angeles</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff13"><OrgName>University of California</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Berkeley</City><State>CA</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff14"><OrgName>Rice University</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Houston</City><State>TX</State><Country>USA</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff15"><OrgName>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SeriesHeader><SubSeries><SubSeriesInfo><SubSeriesID>1244</SubSeriesID><SubSeriesPrintISSN>0302-9743</SubSeriesPrintISSN><SubSeriesElectronicISSN>1611-3349</SubSeriesElectronicISSN><SubSeriesTitle Language="En">Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</SubSeriesTitle></SubSeriesInfo><SubSeriesHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff16"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Randy</GivenName><FamilyName>Goebel</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff17"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Jörg</GivenName><FamilyName>Siekmann</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff18"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Wolfgang</GivenName><FamilyName>Wahlster</FamilyName></EditorName></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff16"><OrgName>University of Alberta</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Edmonton</City><Country>Canada</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff17"><OrgName>University of Saarland</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff18"><OrgName>DFKI and University of Saarland</OrgName><OrgAddress><City>Saarbrücken</City><Country>Germany</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></SubSeriesHeader></SubSeries><Book Language="En"><BookInfo BookProductType="Proceedings" ContainsESM="No" Language="En" MediaType="eBook" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" OutputMedium="All" TocLevels="0"><BookID>978-3-642-10291-2</BookID><BookTitle>AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence</BookTitle><BookSubTitle>XIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence Reggio Emilia, Italy, December 9-12, 2009 Proceedings</BookSubTitle><BookVolumeNumber>5883</BookVolumeNumber><BookSequenceNumber>5883</BookSequenceNumber><BookDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2</BookDOI><BookTitleID>192667</BookTitleID><BookPrintISBN>978-3-642-10290-5</BookPrintISBN><BookElectronicISBN>978-3-642-10291-2</BookElectronicISBN><BookChapterCount>50</BookChapterCount><BookCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2009</CopyrightYear></BookCopyright><BookSubjectGroup><BookSubject Code="I" Type="Primary">Computer Science</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I21017" Priority="1" Type="Secondary">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18030" Priority="2" Type="Secondary">Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I16048" Priority="3" Type="Secondary">Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I16013" Priority="4" Type="Secondary">Computation by Abstract Devices</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I18067" Priority="5" Type="Secondary">User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction</BookSubject><BookSubject Code="I2203X" Priority="6" Type="Secondary">Pattern Recognition</BookSubject><SubjectCollection Code="SUCO11645">Computer Science</SubjectCollection></BookSubjectGroup><BookContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><SubSeriesID>1244</SubSeriesID></BookContext></BookInfo><BookHeader><EditorGroup><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff19"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Roberto</GivenName><FamilyName>Serra</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>rserra@unimore.com</Email></Contact></Editor><Editor AffiliationIDS="Aff20"><EditorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Rita</GivenName><FamilyName>Cucchiara</FamilyName></EditorName><Contact><Email>rita.cucchiara@unimore.it</Email></Contact></Editor><Affiliation ID="Aff19"><OrgDivision>Dipartimento de Science Sociali, Cognitive e Quantitative</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Modena and Reggio Emilia</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Via Allegri 9</Street><Postcode>42100</Postcode><City>Reggio Emilia</City><Country>Italia</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation><Affiliation ID="Aff20"><OrgDivision>Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell‘Informazione</OrgDivision><OrgName>Università degli Studi di Modena</OrgName><OrgAddress><Street>Via Vignolese 905</Street><Postcode>41100</Postcode><City>Modena</City><Country>Italy</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></EditorGroup></BookHeader><Part ID="Part1"><PartInfo TocLevels="0"><PartID>1</PartID><PartSequenceNumber>1</PartSequenceNumber><PartTitle>Knowledge Representation and Reasoning</PartTitle><PartChapterCount>11</PartChapterCount><PartContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><BookTitle>AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence</BookTitle></PartContext></PartInfo><Chapter ID="Chap11" Language="En"><ChapterInfo ChapterType="OriginalPaper" ContainsESM="No" NumberingStyle="ContentOnly" TocLevels="0"><ChapterID>11</ChapterID><ChapterDOI>10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2_11</ChapterDOI><ChapterSequenceNumber>11</ChapterSequenceNumber><ChapterTitle Language="En">Mathematical Symbol Indexing</ChapterTitle><ChapterFirstPage>102</ChapterFirstPage><ChapterLastPage>111</ChapterLastPage><ChapterCopyright><CopyrightHolderName>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg</CopyrightHolderName><CopyrightYear>2009</CopyrightYear></ChapterCopyright><ChapterGrants Type="Regular"><MetadataGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></MetadataGrant><AbstractGrant Grant="OpenAccess"></AbstractGrant><BodyPDFGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyPDFGrant><BodyHTMLGrant Grant="Restricted"></BodyHTMLGrant><BibliographyGrant Grant="Restricted"></BibliographyGrant><ESMGrant Grant="Restricted"></ESMGrant></ChapterGrants><ChapterContext><SeriesID>558</SeriesID><PartID>1</PartID><BookID>978-3-642-10291-2</BookID><BookTitle>AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence</BookTitle></ChapterContext></ChapterInfo><ChapterHeader><AuthorGroup><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff21"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Simone</GivenName><FamilyName>Marinai</FamilyName></AuthorName><Contact><Email>marinai@dsi.unifi.it</Email></Contact></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff21"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Beatrice</GivenName><FamilyName>Miotti</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Author AffiliationIDS="Aff21"><AuthorName DisplayOrder="Western"><GivenName>Giovanni</GivenName><FamilyName>Soda</FamilyName></AuthorName></Author><Affiliation ID="Aff21"><OrgDivision>Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica</OrgDivision><OrgName>University of Florence</OrgName><OrgAddress><Country>Italy</Country></OrgAddress></Affiliation></AuthorGroup><Abstract ID="Abs1" Language="En"><Heading>Abstract</Heading><Para>This paper addresses the indexing and retrieval of mathematical symbols from digitized documents. The proposed approach exploits Shape Contexts (SC) to describe the shape of mathematical symbols. Indexed symbols are represented with a vector space-based method that is grounded on SC clustering. We explore the use of the Self Organizing Map (SOM) to perform the clustering and we compare several approaches to compute the SCs. The retrieval performance are measured on a large collection of mathematical symbols gathered from the widely used INFTY database.</Para></Abstract></ChapterHeader><NoBody></NoBody></Chapter></Part></Book></Series></Publisher></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Mathematical Symbol Indexing</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Mathematical Symbol Indexing</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Simone</namePart><namePart type="family">Marinai</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, University of Florence, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: marinai@dsi.unifi.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Beatrice</namePart><namePart type="family">Miotti</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, University of Florence, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Giovanni</namePart><namePart type="family">Soda</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, University of Florence, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="conference [eBooks]" displayLabel="OriginalPaper"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Berlin, Heidelberg</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2009</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Abstract: This paper addresses the indexing and retrieval of mathematical symbols from digitized documents. The proposed approach exploits Shape Contexts (SC) to describe the shape of mathematical symbols. Indexed symbols are represented with a vector space-based method that is grounded on SC clustering. We explore the use of the Self Organizing Map (SOM) to perform the clustering and we compare several approaches to compute the SCs. The retrieval performance are measured on a large collection of mathematical symbols gathered from the widely used INFTY database.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>AI*IA 2009: Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence</title><subTitle>XIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence Reggio Emilia, Italy, December 9-12, 2009 Proceedings</subTitle></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Roberto</namePart><namePart type="family">Serra</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento de Science Sociali, Cognitive e Quantitative, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Allegri 9, 42100, Reggio Emilia, Italia</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: rserra@unimore.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Rita</namePart><namePart type="family">Cucchiara</namePart><affiliation>Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell‘Informazione, Università degli Studi di Modena, Via Vignolese 905, 41100, Modena, Italy</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: rita.cucchiara@unimore.it</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="Book Series" displayLabel="Proceedings"></genre><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate><issuance>monographic</issuance></originInfo><subject><genre>Book Subject Collection</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="SUCO11645">Computer Science</topic></subject><subject><genre>Book Subject Group</genre><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I">Computer Science</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I21017">Artificial Intelligence (incl. Robotics)</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18030">Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I16048">Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I16013">Computation by Abstract Devices</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I18067">User Interfaces and Human Computer Interaction</topic><topic authority="SpringerSubjectCodes" authorityURI="I2203X">Pattern Recognition</topic></subject><identifier type="DOI">10.1007/978-3-642-10291-2</identifier><identifier type="ISBN">978-3-642-10290-5</identifier><identifier type="eISBN">978-3-642-10291-2</identifier><identifier type="ISSN">0302-9743</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1611-3349</identifier><identifier type="BookTitleID">192667</identifier><identifier type="BookID">978-3-642-10291-2</identifier><identifier type="BookChapterCount">50</identifier><identifier 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USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Kittler</namePart><affiliation>University of Surrey, Guildford, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jon</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinberg</namePart><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moni</namePart><namePart type="family">Naor</namePart><affiliation>Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Oscar</namePart><namePart type="family">Nierstrasz</namePart><affiliation>University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pandu Rangan</namePart><affiliation>Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Bernhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Steffen</namePart><affiliation>University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Madhu</namePart><namePart type="family">Sudan</namePart><affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Demetri</namePart><namePart type="family">Terzopoulos</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Doug</namePart><namePart type="family">Tygar</namePart><affiliation>University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Moshe</namePart><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vardi</namePart><affiliation>Rice University, Houston, TX, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gerhard</namePart><namePart type="family">Weikum</namePart><affiliation>Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbrücken, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><originInfo><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2009</copyrightDate><issuance>serial</issuance></originInfo><relatedItem type="constituent"><titleInfo><title>Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutchison</namePart><affiliation>Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Takeo</namePart><namePart type="family">Kanade</namePart><affiliation>Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Josef</namePart><namePart type="family">Kittler</namePart><affiliation>University of Surrey, Guildford, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jon</namePart><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinberg</namePart><affiliation>Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Friedemann</namePart><namePart type="family">Mattern</namePart><affiliation>ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mitchell</namePart><affiliation>Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart 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