Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Neurosensory Systems
Identifieur interne : 002604 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002603; suivant : 002605Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Neurosensory Systems
Auteurs : Millard F. Reschke ; Helen S. Cohen ; Jody M. Cerisano ; Janine A. Clayton ; Ronita Cromwell ; Richard W. Danielson ; Emma Y. Hwang ; Candace Tingen ; John R. Allen ; David L. TomkoSource :
- Journal of Women's Health [ 1540-9996 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Sex and gender differences have long been a research topic of interest, yet few studies have explored the specific differences in neurological responses between men and women during and after spaceflight. Knowledge in this field is limited due to the significant disproportion of sexes enrolled in the astronaut corps. Research indicates that general neurological and sensory differences exist between the sexes, such as those in laterality of amygdala activity, sensitivity and discrimination in vision processing, and neuronal cell death (apoptosis) pathways. In spaceflight, sex differences may include a higher incidence of entry and space motion sickness and of post-flight vestibular instability in female as opposed to male astronauts who flew on both short- and long-duration missions. Hearing and auditory function in crewmembers shows the expected hearing threshold differences between men and women, in which female astronauts exhibit better hearing thresholds. Longitudinal observations of hearing thresholds for crewmembers yield normal age-related decrements; however, no evidence of sex-related differences from spaceflight has been observed. The impact of sex and gender differences should be studied by making spaceflight accessible and flying more women into space. Only in this way will we know if increasingly longer-duration missions cause significantly different neurophysiological responses in men and women.
Url:
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4908
PubMed: 25401941
PubMed Central: 4236059
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p>Sex and gender differences have long been a research topic of interest, yet few studies have explored the specific differences in neurological responses between men and women during and after spaceflight. Knowledge in this field is limited due to the significant disproportion of sexes enrolled in the astronaut corps. Research indicates that general neurological and sensory differences exist between the sexes, such as those in laterality of amygdala activity, sensitivity and discrimination in vision processing, and neuronal cell death (apoptosis) pathways. In spaceflight, sex differences may include a higher incidence of entry and space motion sickness and of post-flight vestibular instability in female as opposed to male astronauts who flew on both short- and long-duration missions. Hearing and auditory function in crewmembers shows the expected hearing threshold differences between men and women, in which female astronauts exhibit better hearing thresholds. Longitudinal observations of hearing thresholds for crewmembers yield normal age-related decrements; however, no evidence of sex-related differences from spaceflight has been observed. The impact of sex and gender differences should be studied by making spaceflight accessible and flying more women into space. Only in this way will we know if increasingly longer-duration missions cause significantly different neurophysiological responses in men and women.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Womens Health (Larchmt)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Womens Health (Larchmt)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">jwh</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Women's Health</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1540-9996</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1931-843X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>140 Huguenot Street, 3rd FloorNew Rochelle, NY 10801USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25401941</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4236059</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1089/jwh.2014.4908</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/jwh.2014.4908</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: A NASA Decadal Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Neurosensory Systems</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Reschke</surname>
<given-names>Millard F.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cohen</surname>
<given-names>Helen S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>EdD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cerisano</surname>
<given-names>Jody M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Clayton</surname>
<given-names>Janine A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cromwell</surname>
<given-names>Ronita</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Danielson</surname>
<given-names>Richard W.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hwang</surname>
<given-names>Emma Y.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tingen</surname>
<given-names>Candace</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Allen</surname>
<given-names>John R.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tomko</surname>
<given-names>David L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup>
</label>
Department of Neuroscience,<institution>NASA Johnson Space Center</institution>
, Houston, Texas.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup>
</label>
Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery,<institution>Baylor College of Medicine</institution>
, Houston, Texas.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup>
</label>
Wyle Science,<institution>Technology and Engineering Group</institution>
, Houston, Texas.</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label><sup>4</sup>
</label>
Office of Research on Women's Health,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>
, Bethesda, Maryland.</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label><sup>5</sup>
</label>
<institution>Universities Space Research Association</institution>
, Houston, Texas.</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label><sup>6</sup>
</label>
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>
, Bethesda, Maryland.</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label><sup>7</sup>
</label>
Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters</institution>
, Washington, DC.</aff>
<aff id="aff8"><label><sup>8</sup>
</label>
Space Life and Physical Sciences Research Division,<institution>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters</institution>
, Washington, DC.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp><addr-line>Address correspondence to:</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Millard F. Reschke, PhD</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Department of Neuroscience</italic>
</addr-line>
<institution><italic>National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center</italic>
</institution>
<addr-line><italic>2101 NASA Parkway</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Houston, Texas 77058</italic>
</addr-line>
<italic>E-mail:</italic>
<email xlink:href="mailto:millard.f.reschke@nasa.gov">millard.f.reschke@nasa.gov</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
<pmc-comment>string-date: November 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2014</year>
<pmc-comment>string-date: November 2014</pmc-comment>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>23</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>959</fpage>
<lpage>962</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2014, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="jwh.2014.4908.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><title>Abstract</title>
<p>Sex and gender differences have long been a research topic of interest, yet few studies have explored the specific differences in neurological responses between men and women during and after spaceflight. Knowledge in this field is limited due to the significant disproportion of sexes enrolled in the astronaut corps. Research indicates that general neurological and sensory differences exist between the sexes, such as those in laterality of amygdala activity, sensitivity and discrimination in vision processing, and neuronal cell death (apoptosis) pathways. In spaceflight, sex differences may include a higher incidence of entry and space motion sickness and of post-flight vestibular instability in female as opposed to male astronauts who flew on both short- and long-duration missions. Hearing and auditory function in crewmembers shows the expected hearing threshold differences between men and women, in which female astronauts exhibit better hearing thresholds. Longitudinal observations of hearing thresholds for crewmembers yield normal age-related decrements; however, no evidence of sex-related differences from spaceflight has been observed. The impact of sex and gender differences should be studied by making spaceflight accessible and flying more women into space. Only in this way will we know if increasingly longer-duration missions cause significantly different neurophysiological responses in men and women.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><fig-count count="1"></fig-count>
<ref-count count="32"></ref-count>
<page-count count="4"></page-count>
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</front>
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