Development of the VBLaST™: A Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer
Identifieur interne : 002361 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002360; suivant : 002362Development of the VBLaST™: A Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer
Auteurs : Anderson Maciel ; Youquan Liu ; Woojin Ahn ; T. Paul Singh ; Ward Dunnican ; Suvranu DeSource :
- The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS [ 1478-5951 ] ; 2008.
Abstract
Minimally invasive surgery has become more and more important in modern hospitals. In this context, increasingly more surgeons need to be trained to master the necessary laparoscopic surgical skills. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training tool box has now been adopted by the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) as an official training tool. While useful, there are major drawbacks of such physical tool boxes including the need to constantly replace training materials, inability to perform objective quantification of skill and the inability to easily adapt to training surgeons on surgical robots such as the da Vinci® which provides high resolution stereo visualization.
To overcome the limitations of the FLS training tool box, we have developed a Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST™) system, which will allow trainees to acquire basic laparoscopic skill training through the bimanual performance of four tasks including peg transfer, pattern cutting, ligating loop and suturing. A high update rate of about 1 kHz is necessary to ensure continuous haptic interactions and smooth transitions.
The outcome of this work is the development of an integrated visio-haptic workstation environment including two Phantom® Omni™ force feedback devices and a 3D display interface from Planar Systems, Inc whereby trainees can practice on virtual versions of the FLS tasks in 2D as well as in 3D, thereby allowing them to practice both for traditional laparoscopic surgery as well as that using the da Vinci® system. Realistic graphical rendering and high fidelity haptic interactions are achieved through several innovations in modeling complex interactions of tissues and deformable objects.
Surgical skill training is a long and tedious process of acquiring fine motor skills. Even when complex and realistic surgical trainers with realistic organ geometries and tissue properties, which are currently being developed by academic researchers as well as the industry, mature to the stage of being routinely used in surgical training, basic skill trainers such as VBLaST™ will not lose their relevance. It is expected that residents would start on trainers such as VBLaST™ and after reaching a certain level of competence would progress to the more complex trainers for training on specific surgical procedures. In this regard, the development of the VBLaST™ is highly significant and timely.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/rcs.185
PubMed: 18348181
PubMed Central: 2804952
Affiliations:
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PMC:2804952Le document en format XML
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<author><name sortKey="Maciel, Anderson" sort="Maciel, Anderson" uniqKey="Maciel A" first="Anderson" last="Maciel">Anderson Maciel</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Liu, Youquan" sort="Liu, Youquan" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Youquan" last="Liu">Youquan Liu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahn, Woojin" sort="Ahn, Woojin" uniqKey="Ahn W" first="Woojin" last="Ahn">Woojin Ahn</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Singh, T Paul" sort="Singh, T Paul" uniqKey="Singh T" first="T. Paul" last="Singh">T. Paul Singh</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Dunnican, Ward" sort="Dunnican, Ward" uniqKey="Dunnican W" first="Ward" last="Dunnican">Ward Dunnican</name>
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<author><name sortKey="De, Suvranu" sort="De, Suvranu" uniqKey="De S" first="Suvranu" last="De">Suvranu De</name>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Minimally invasive surgery has become more and more important in modern hospitals. In this context, increasingly more surgeons need to be trained to master the necessary laparoscopic surgical skills. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training tool box has now been adopted by the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) as an official training tool. While useful, there are major drawbacks of such physical tool boxes including the need to constantly replace training materials, inability to perform objective quantification of skill and the inability to easily adapt to training surgeons on surgical robots such as the da Vinci<sup>®</sup>
which provides high resolution stereo visualization.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">To overcome the limitations of the FLS training tool box, we have developed a Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST™) system, which will allow trainees to acquire basic laparoscopic skill training through the bimanual performance of four tasks including peg transfer, pattern cutting, ligating loop and suturing. A high update rate of about 1 kHz is necessary to ensure continuous haptic interactions and smooth transitions.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">The outcome of this work is the development of an integrated visio-haptic workstation environment including two Phantom<sup>®</sup>
Omni™ force feedback devices and a 3D display interface from Planar Systems, Inc whereby trainees can practice on virtual versions of the FLS tasks in 2D as well as in 3D, thereby allowing them to practice both for traditional laparoscopic surgery as well as that using the da Vinci<sup>®</sup>
system. Realistic graphical rendering and high fidelity haptic interactions are achieved through several innovations in modeling complex interactions of tissues and deformable objects.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Surgical skill training is a long and tedious process of acquiring fine motor skills. Even when complex and realistic surgical trainers with realistic organ geometries and tissue properties, which are currently being developed by academic researchers as well as the industry, mature to the stage of being routinely used in surgical training, basic skill trainers such as VBLaST™ will not lose their relevance. It is expected that residents would start on trainers such as VBLaST™ and after reaching a certain level of competence would progress to the more complex trainers for training on specific surgical procedures. In this regard, the development of the VBLaST™ is highly significant and timely.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101250764</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">33305</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Med Robot</journal-id>
<journal-title>The international journal of medical robotics + computer assisted surgery : MRCAS</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1478-5951</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1478-596X</issn>
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<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18348181</article-id>
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<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/rcs.185</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS167226</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Development of the VBLaST™: A Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maciel</surname>
<given-names>Anderson</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A1">A postdoctoral research associate in Department of Applied Computation, Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Youquan</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Ph.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A2">A postdoctoral research associate in Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahn</surname>
<given-names>Woojin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>B.Eng.</degrees>
<aff id="A3">Ph.D. student in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>T. Paul</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D. Ph.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A4">The director of the Minimally Invasive Surgery Center for Training and Education, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dunnican</surname>
<given-names>Ward</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>M.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A5">An Assistant Professor of Surgery in the Minimally Invasive Surgery Center for Training and Education, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>De</surname>
<given-names>Suvranu</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>Sc.D.</degrees>
<aff id="A6">An associate professor in Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA</aff>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">Corresponding authors: Anderson Maciel, Address: Instituto de Informática, UFRGS, Campus do Vale - Bloco IV. Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500. Caixa Postal 15.064. CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, BRAZIL, <email>amaciel@inf.ufrgs.br</email>
, Office: +55-51-3308-7037, Fax: +55-51-3308-7308</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>29</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>6</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>12</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>138</lpage>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">Minimally invasive surgery has become more and more important in modern hospitals. In this context, increasingly more surgeons need to be trained to master the necessary laparoscopic surgical skills. The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training tool box has now been adopted by the Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) as an official training tool. While useful, there are major drawbacks of such physical tool boxes including the need to constantly replace training materials, inability to perform objective quantification of skill and the inability to easily adapt to training surgeons on surgical robots such as the da Vinci<sup>®</sup>
which provides high resolution stereo visualization.</p>
</sec>
<sec sec-type="methods" id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">To overcome the limitations of the FLS training tool box, we have developed a Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST™) system, which will allow trainees to acquire basic laparoscopic skill training through the bimanual performance of four tasks including peg transfer, pattern cutting, ligating loop and suturing. A high update rate of about 1 kHz is necessary to ensure continuous haptic interactions and smooth transitions.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">The outcome of this work is the development of an integrated visio-haptic workstation environment including two Phantom<sup>®</sup>
Omni™ force feedback devices and a 3D display interface from Planar Systems, Inc whereby trainees can practice on virtual versions of the FLS tasks in 2D as well as in 3D, thereby allowing them to practice both for traditional laparoscopic surgery as well as that using the da Vinci<sup>®</sup>
system. Realistic graphical rendering and high fidelity haptic interactions are achieved through several innovations in modeling complex interactions of tissues and deformable objects.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Surgical skill training is a long and tedious process of acquiring fine motor skills. Even when complex and realistic surgical trainers with realistic organ geometries and tissue properties, which are currently being developed by academic researchers as well as the industry, mature to the stage of being routinely used in surgical training, basic skill trainers such as VBLaST™ will not lose their relevance. It is expected that residents would start on trainers such as VBLaST™ and after reaching a certain level of competence would progress to the more complex trainers for training on specific surgical procedures. In this regard, the development of the VBLaST™ is highly significant and timely.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Computer Graphics</kwd>
<kwd>Interaction techniques</kwd>
<kwd>Minimally Invasive Surgery</kwd>
<kwd>User Interfaces—Haptic I/O</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<contract-num rid="EB1">R01 EB005807-04
||EB</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="EB1">National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering : NIBIB</contract-sponsor>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
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<name sortKey="De, Suvranu" sort="De, Suvranu" uniqKey="De S" first="Suvranu" last="De">Suvranu De</name>
<name sortKey="Dunnican, Ward" sort="Dunnican, Ward" uniqKey="Dunnican W" first="Ward" last="Dunnican">Ward Dunnican</name>
<name sortKey="Liu, Youquan" sort="Liu, Youquan" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Youquan" last="Liu">Youquan Liu</name>
<name sortKey="Maciel, Anderson" sort="Maciel, Anderson" uniqKey="Maciel A" first="Anderson" last="Maciel">Anderson Maciel</name>
<name sortKey="Singh, T Paul" sort="Singh, T Paul" uniqKey="Singh T" first="T. Paul" last="Singh">T. Paul Singh</name>
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