Drawing enhances cross-modal memory plasticity in the human brain: a case study in a totally blind adult
Identifieur interne : 002488 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 002487; suivant : 002489Drawing enhances cross-modal memory plasticity in the human brain: a case study in a totally blind adult
Auteurs : Lora T. LikovaSource :
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience [ 1662-5161 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
In a memory-guided drawing task under blindfolded conditions, we have recently used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate that the primary visual cortex (V1) may operate as the visuo-spatial buffer, or “sketchpad,” for working memory. The results implied, however, a modality-independent or amodal form of its operation. In the present study, to validate the role of V1 in non-visual memory, we eliminated not only the visual input but all levels of visual processing by replicating the paradigm in a congenitally blind individual. Our novel Cognitive-Kinesthetic method was used to train this totally blind subject to draw complex images guided solely by tactile memory. Control tasks of tactile exploration and memorization of the image to be drawn, and memory-free scribbling were also included. FMRI was run before training and after training. Remarkably, V1 of this congenitally blind individual, which before training exhibited noisy, immature, and non-specific responses, after training produced full-fledged response time-courses specific to the tactile-memory drawing task. The results reveal the operation of a rapid training-based plasticity mechanism that recruits the resources of V1 in the process of learning to draw. The learning paradigm allowed us to investigate for the first time the evolution of plastic re-assignment in V1 in a congenitally blind subject. These findings are consistent with a non-visual memory involvement of V1, and specifically imply that the observed cortical reorganization can be empowered by the process of learning to draw.
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DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00044
PubMed: 22593738
PubMed Central: 3350955
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Drawing enhances cross-modal memory plasticity in the human brain: a case study in a totally blind adult</title><author><name sortKey="Likova, Lora T" sort="Likova, Lora T" uniqKey="Likova L" first="Lora T." last="Likova">Lora T. Likova</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22593738</idno><idno type="pmc">3350955</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3350955</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3350955</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fnhum.2012.00044</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001D20</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001D20</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001774</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">002488</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Drawing enhances cross-modal memory plasticity in the human brain: a case study in a totally blind adult</title><author><name sortKey="Likova, Lora T" sort="Likova, Lora T" uniqKey="Likova L" first="Lora T." last="Likova">Lora T. Likova</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Human Neuroscience</title><idno type="eISSN">1662-5161</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In a memory-guided drawing task under blindfolded conditions, we have recently used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to demonstrate that the primary visual cortex (V1) may operate as the visuo-spatial buffer, or “sketchpad,” for working memory. The results implied, however, a modality-independent or amodal form of its operation. In the present study, to validate the role of V1 in non-visual memory, we eliminated not only the visual input but all levels of visual processing by replicating the paradigm in a congenitally blind individual. Our novel Cognitive-Kinesthetic method was used to train this totally blind subject to draw complex images guided solely by tactile memory. Control tasks of tactile exploration and memorization of the image to be drawn, and memory-free scribbling were also included. FMRI was run before training and after training. Remarkably, V1 of this congenitally blind individual, which before training exhibited noisy, immature, and non-specific responses, after training produced full-fledged response time-courses specific to the tactile-memory drawing task. The results reveal the operation of a rapid training-based plasticity mechanism that recruits the resources of V1 in the process of learning to draw. The learning paradigm allowed us to investigate for the first time the evolution of plastic re-assignment in V1 in a congenitally blind subject. These findings are consistent with a non-visual memory involvement of V1, and specifically imply that the observed cortical reorganization can be empowered by the process of learning to draw.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adams, M M" uniqKey="Adams M">M. M. Adams</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hof, P R" uniqKey="Hof P">P. R. Hof</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gattass, R" uniqKey="Gattass R">R. Gattass</name></author><author><name sortKey="Webster, M J" uniqKey="Webster M">M. J. Webster</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ungerleider, L G" uniqKey="Ungerleider L">L. G. Ungerleider</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Amedi, A" uniqKey="Amedi A">A. Amedi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Floel, A" uniqKey="Floel A">A. Floel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Knecht, S" uniqKey="Knecht S">S. 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