Neural bases of hand synergies
Identifieur interne : 001A21 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 001A20; suivant : 001A22Neural bases of hand synergies
Auteurs : Marco Santello [États-Unis] ; Gabriel Baud-Bovy [Italie] ; Henrik Jörntell [Suède]Source :
- Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience [ 1662-5188 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
The human hand has so many degrees of freedom that it may seem impossible to control. A potential solution to this problem is “synergy control” which combines dimensionality reduction with great flexibility. With applicability to a wide range of tasks, this has become a very popular concept. In this review, we describe the evolution of the modern concept using studies of kinematic and force synergies in human hand control, neurophysiology of cortical and spinal neurons, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of hand muscles. We go beyond the often purely descriptive usage of synergy by reviewing the organization of the underlying neuronal circuitry in order to propose mechanistic explanations for various observed synergy phenomena. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework to reconcile important and still debated concepts such as the definitions of “fixed” vs. “flexible” synergies and mechanisms underlying the combination of synergies for hand control.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2013.00023
PubMed: 23579545
PubMed Central: 3619124
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wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University</institution><country>Tempe, AZ, USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baud Bovy, Gabriel" sort="Baud Bovy, Gabriel" uniqKey="Baud Bovy G" first="Gabriel" last="Baud-Bovy">Gabriel Baud-Bovy</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia</institution><country>Genova, Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University</institution><country>Milan, Italy</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jorntell, Henrik" sort="Jorntell, Henrik" uniqKey="Jorntell H" first="Henrik" last="Jörntell">Henrik Jörntell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Neural Basis of Sensorimotor Control, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University</institution><country>Lund, Sweden</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suède</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff region in country</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Computational Neuroscience</title><idno type="eISSN">1662-5188</idno><imprint><date 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A potential solution to this problem is “synergy control” which combines dimensionality reduction with great flexibility. With applicability to a wide range of tasks, this has become a very popular concept. In this review, we describe the evolution of the modern concept using studies of kinematic and force synergies in human hand control, neurophysiology of cortical and spinal neurons, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of hand muscles. We go beyond the often purely descriptive usage of synergy by reviewing the organization of the underlying neuronal circuitry in order to propose mechanistic explanations for various observed synergy phenomena. Finally, we propose a theoretical framework to reconcile important and still debated concepts such as the definitions of “fixed” vs. “flexible” synergies and mechanisms underlying the combination of synergies for hand control.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alstermark, B" uniqKey="Alstermark B">B. Alstermark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Isa, T" uniqKey="Isa T">T. Isa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pettersson, L G" uniqKey="Pettersson L">L. G. Pettersson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sasaki, S" uniqKey="Sasaki S">S. Sasaki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alstermark, B" uniqKey="Alstermark B">B. Alstermark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lindstrom, S" uniqKey="Lindstrom S">S. Lindstrom</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lundberg, A" uniqKey="Lundberg A">A. 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