Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts
Identifieur interne : 004616 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004615; suivant : 004617Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts
Auteurs : Corinna Lathan ; Zuyi Wang ; Gilles ClémentSource :
- Neuroscience Letters [ 0304-3940 ] ; 2000.
English descriptors
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weightlessness on mental representation of spatial cues. Two astronauts drew two groups of three-dimensional cubes with their eyes closed, one on Earth (preflight) and the other under weightless conditions during a 7-day orbital flight (inflight). Differences in the average height of the two groups of cubes were observed. The ratio of average length of the horizontal vs. the vertical lines of the inflight cubes increased significantly compared to that of the preflight cubes. The disappearance of the gravitational reference system, which determines on Earth the vertical direction, seems to influence the internal representation of the vertical dimension, (i.e. the height) of a three-dimensional object.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01584-6
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Two astronauts drew two groups of three-dimensional cubes with their eyes closed, one on Earth (preflight) and the other under weightless conditions during a 7-day orbital flight (inflight). Differences in the average height of the two groups of cubes were observed. The ratio of average length of the horizontal vs. the vertical lines of the inflight cubes increased significantly compared to that of the preflight cubes. The disappearance of the gravitational reference system, which determines on Earth the vertical direction, seems to influence the internal representation of the vertical dimension, (i.e. the height) of a three-dimensional object.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Corinna Lathan</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, DC 20064, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Zuyi Wang</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, DC 20064, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Gilles Clément</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: gclement@cerco.ups-tlse.fr</json:string><json:string>Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549 CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, F-31062, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Spatial orientation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Reference frame</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Gravity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Weightlessness</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Necker cube</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weightlessness on mental representation of spatial cues. Two astronauts drew two groups of three-dimensional cubes with their eyes closed, one on Earth (preflight) and the other under weightless conditions during a 7-day orbital flight (inflight). Differences in the average height of the two groups of cubes were observed. The ratio of average length of the horizontal vs. the vertical lines of the inflight cubes increased significantly compared to that of the preflight cubes. The disappearance of the gravitational reference system, which determines on Earth the vertical direction, seems to influence the internal representation of the vertical dimension, (i.e. the height) of a three-dimensional object.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>4.503</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>769</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3123</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>18601</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>4</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>115</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts</title><pii><json:string>S0304-3940(00)01584-6</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>brief communication</json:string></genre><host><volume>295</volume><pii><json:string>S0304-3940(00)X0306-0</json:string></pii><pages><last>40</last><first>37</first></pages><issn><json:string>0304-3940</json:string></issn><issue>1–2</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Neuroscience Letters</title><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>NEUROSCIENCES</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01584-6</json:string></doi><id>8158955FD9EC866112F1A0BE03457CB5BD62A49B</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8158955FD9EC866112F1A0BE03457CB5BD62A49B/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8158955FD9EC866112F1A0BE03457CB5BD62A49B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8158955FD9EC866112F1A0BE03457CB5BD62A49B/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/8158955FD9EC866112F1A0BE03457CB5BD62A49B/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Cube drawing sequence. End points 1–10 were drawn in a single motion. After end-points 10, 12 and 14, the pen was lifted up from the notepad and then lifted down for drawing the three ‘floating’ lines.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Standard deviation of each end point of lines of the average preflight (n=51) and inflight (n=51) cubes in subject A.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Average preflight and inflight cubes normalized so that there diagonal lines are identical and the ratios h/v(f), v(f)/d, and h/d respected. The normalized lengths of the lines are h=1.41, v=1.12 and d=1.00 for the preflight cube, and h=1.42, v=1.04 and d=1.00 for the inflight cube.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Averages and SD of ratios of horizontal (h), vertical (v), and diagonal (d) lines of the average preflight and inflight cubesa</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts</title><author><persName><forename type="first">Corinna</forename><surname>Lathan</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, DC 20064, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Zuyi</forename><surname>Wang</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, DC 20064, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Gilles</forename><surname>Clément</surname></persName><email>gclement@cerco.ups-tlse.fr</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +33-562-173-779; fax: +33-562-172-809</p></note><affiliation>Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549 CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, F-31062, France</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Neuroscience Letters</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">NSL</title><idno type="pISSN">0304-3940</idno><idno type="PII">S0304-3940(00)X0306-0</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">295</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="37">37</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="40">40</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">8158955FD9EC866112F1A0BE03457CB5BD62A49B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01584-6</idno><idno type="PII">S0304-3940(00)01584-6</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weightlessness on mental representation of spatial cues. 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Tel.: +33-562-173-779; fax: +33-562-172-809</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="5" month="6" year="2000"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="11" month="10" year="2000"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="11" month="10" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weightlessness on mental representation of spatial cues. Two astronauts drew two groups of three-dimensional cubes with their eyes closed, one on Earth (preflight) and the other under weightless conditions during a 7-day orbital flight (inflight). Differences in the average height of the two groups of cubes were observed. The ratio of average length of the horizontal vs. the vertical lines of the inflight cubes increased significantly compared to that of the preflight cubes. The disappearance of the gravitational reference system, which determines on Earth the vertical direction, seems to influence the internal representation of the vertical dimension, (i.e. the height) of a three-dimensional object.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Spatial orientation</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Reference frame</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Gravity</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Weightlessness</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Necker cube</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Changes in the vertical size of a three-dimensional object drawn in weightlessness by astronauts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Corinna</namePart><namePart type="family">Lathan</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, DC 20064, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Zuyi</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington DC, DC 20064, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Gilles</namePart><namePart type="family">Clément</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: gclement@cerco.ups-tlse.fr</affiliation><affiliation>Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, UMR 5549 CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, F-31062, France</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +33-562-173-779; fax: +33-562-172-809</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="brief communication" displayLabel="Short communication"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2000-10-11</dateValid><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">2000-10-11</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of weightlessness on mental representation of spatial cues. Two astronauts drew two groups of three-dimensional cubes with their eyes closed, one on Earth (preflight) and the other under weightless conditions during a 7-day orbital flight (inflight). Differences in the average height of the two groups of cubes were observed. The ratio of average length of the horizontal vs. the vertical lines of the inflight cubes increased significantly compared to that of the preflight cubes. The disappearance of the gravitational reference system, which determines on Earth the vertical direction, seems to influence the internal representation of the vertical dimension, (i.e. the height) of a three-dimensional object.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Cube drawing sequence. End points 1–10 were drawn in a single motion. After end-points 10, 12 and 14, the pen was lifted up from the notepad and then lifted down for drawing the three ‘floating’ lines.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Standard deviation of each end point of lines of the average preflight (n=51) and inflight (n=51) cubes in subject A.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Average preflight and inflight cubes normalized so that there diagonal lines are identical and the ratios h/v(f), v(f)/d, and h/d respected. 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