Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes
Identifieur interne : 004108 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 004107; suivant : 004109Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes
Auteurs : James Stuart Wolffsohn ; Leon Nicholas Davies ; Shehzad Anjam Naroo ; Phillip Jonathan Buckhurst ; George Anthony Gibson ; Navneet Gupta ; Jennifer Patricia Craig ; Sunil ShahSource :
- British Journal of Ophthalmology [ 0007-1161 ] ; 2011-04.
Abstract
Background To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later. Results The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09±0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ±0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00±0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J45) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by −0.06±0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was <0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability <0.50 D in ≥85%. Conclusions The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.
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DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2010.185009
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UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naroo, Shehzad Anjam" sort="Naroo, Shehzad Anjam" uniqKey="Naroo S" first="Shehzad Anjam" last="Naroo">Shehzad Anjam Naroo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckhurst, Phillip Jonathan" sort="Buckhurst, Phillip Jonathan" uniqKey="Buckhurst P" first="Phillip Jonathan" last="Buckhurst">Phillip Jonathan Buckhurst</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, George Anthony" sort="Gibson, George Anthony" uniqKey="Gibson G" first="George Anthony" last="Gibson">George Anthony Gibson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Navneet" sort="Gupta, Navneet" uniqKey="Gupta N" first="Navneet" last="Gupta">Navneet Gupta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Craig, Jennifer Patricia" sort="Craig, Jennifer Patricia" uniqKey="Craig J" first="Jennifer Patricia" last="Craig">Jennifer Patricia Craig</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Sunil" sort="Shah, Sunil" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sunil" last="Shah">Sunil Shah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and 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uniqKey="Wolffsohn J" first="James Stuart" last="Wolffsohn">James Stuart Wolffsohn</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: j.s.w.wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Leon Nicholas" sort="Davies, Leon Nicholas" uniqKey="Davies L" first="Leon Nicholas" last="Davies">Leon Nicholas Davies</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naroo, Shehzad Anjam" sort="Naroo, Shehzad Anjam" uniqKey="Naroo S" first="Shehzad Anjam" last="Naroo">Shehzad Anjam Naroo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buckhurst, Phillip Jonathan" sort="Buckhurst, Phillip Jonathan" uniqKey="Buckhurst P" first="Phillip Jonathan" last="Buckhurst">Phillip Jonathan Buckhurst</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gibson, George Anthony" sort="Gibson, George Anthony" uniqKey="Gibson G" first="George Anthony" last="Gibson">George Anthony Gibson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gupta, Navneet" sort="Gupta, Navneet" uniqKey="Gupta N" first="Navneet" last="Gupta">Navneet Gupta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Craig, Jennifer Patricia" sort="Craig, Jennifer Patricia" uniqKey="Craig J" first="Jennifer Patricia" last="Craig">Jennifer Patricia Craig</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Sunil" sort="Shah, Sunil" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Sunil" last="Shah">Sunil Shah</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Midland Eye Institute, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">British Journal of Ophthalmology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Br J Ophthalmol</title><idno type="ISSN">0007-1161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-2079</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-04">2011-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="498">498</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0007-1161</idno></series><idno type="istex">2B889819E3F599B83BA4110CB2AC5D49606E51B8</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/bjo.2010.185009</idno><idno type="href">bjophthalmol-95-498.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">bjophthalmol185009</idno><idno type="PMID">20657018</idno><idno type="local">bjophthalmol;95/4/498</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0007-1161</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Background To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later. Results The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09±0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ±0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00±0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J45) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by −0.06±0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was <0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability <0.50 D in ≥85%. Conclusions The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>bmj</corpusName><author><json:item><name>James Stuart Wolffsohn</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string><json:string>E-mail: j.s.w.wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Leon Nicholas Davies</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Shehzad Anjam Naroo</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Phillip Jonathan Buckhurst</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>George Anthony Gibson</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Navneet Gupta</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jennifer Patricia Craig</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string><json:string>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Sunil Shah</name><affiliations><json:string>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</json:string><json:string>Midland Eye Institute, Birmingham, UK</json:string><json:string>Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Intraocular lens</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>pseudophakia</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>objective accommodation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>autorefractor</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>lens and zonules</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>optics and refraction</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>bjophthalmol185009</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later. Results The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09±0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ±0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00±0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J45) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by −0.06±0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was >0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability >0.50 D in ≥85%. Conclusions The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>5.18</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 793.701 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1421</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2460</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>17788</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>4</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>185</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes</title><pmid><json:string>20657018</json:string></pmid><genre.original><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre.original><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>95</volume><publisherId><json:string>bjo</json:string></publisherId><pages><first>498</first></pages><issn><json:string>0007-1161</json:string></issn><issue>4</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-2079</json:string></eissn><title>British Journal of 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pseudophakes</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</pubPlace><availability><p>BMJ</p></availability><date>2010-07-23</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes</title><author corresp="yes"><persName><forename type="first">James Stuart</forename><surname>Wolffsohn</surname></persName><email>j.s.w.wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk</email><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Leon Nicholas</forename><surname>Davies</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Shehzad Anjam</forename><surname>Naroo</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Phillip Jonathan</forename><surname>Buckhurst</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">George Anthony</forename><surname>Gibson</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Navneet</forename><surname>Gupta</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Jennifer Patricia</forename><surname>Craig</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Sunil</forename><surname>Shah</surname></persName><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Midland Eye Institute, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">British Journal of Ophthalmology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Br J Ophthalmol</title><idno type="pISSN">0007-1161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-2079</idno><imprint><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</publisher><pubPlace>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2011-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="498">498</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">2B889819E3F599B83BA4110CB2AC5D49606E51B8</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1136/bjo.2010.185009</idno><idno type="href">bjophthalmol-95-498.pdf</idno><idno type="ArticleID">bjophthalmol185009</idno><idno type="PMID">20657018</idno><idno type="local">bjophthalmol;95/4/498</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010-07-23</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Background To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later. Results The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09±0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ±0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00±0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J45) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by −0.06±0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was <0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability <0.50 D in ≥85%. Conclusions The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Intraocular lens</term></item><item><term>pseudophakia</term></item><item><term>objective accommodation</term></item><item><term>autorefractor</term></item><item><term>lens and zonules</term></item><item><term>optics and refraction</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-07-23">Created</change><change when="2011-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/2B889819E3F599B83BA4110CB2AC5D49606E51B8/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus bmj" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="archivearticle.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">bjophthalmol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Br J Ophthalmol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bjo</journal-id><journal-title>British Journal of Ophthalmology</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Br J Ophthalmol</abbrev-journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Br J Ophthalmol</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0007-1161</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1468-2079</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</publisher-name><publisher-loc>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">bjophthalmol185009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bjo.2010.185009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bjophthalmol;95/4/498</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bjophthalmol;bjo.2010.185009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20657018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">498</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="other">bjo.2010.185009</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Clinical science</subject></subj-group><series-title>Original article</series-title></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Wolffsohn</surname><given-names>James Stuart</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davies</surname><given-names>Leon Nicholas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naroo</surname><given-names>Shehzad Anjam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Buckhurst</surname><given-names>Phillip Jonathan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gibson</surname><given-names>George Anthony</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gupta</surname><given-names>Navneet</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Craig</surname><given-names>Jennifer Patricia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shah</surname><given-names>Sunil</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Midland Eye Institute, Birmingham, UK</aff><aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK</aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> Professor James Stuart Wolffsohn, Aston University, Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; <email>j.s.w.wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub-original"><day>23</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>7</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>95</volume><volume-id pub-id-type="other">95</volume-id><volume-id pub-id-type="other">95</volume-id><issue>4</issue><issue-id pub-id-type="other">bjophthalmol;95/4</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">4</issue-id><issue-id pub-id-type="other">95/4</issue-id><fpage>498</fpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>5</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:role="full-text" xlink:href="bjophthalmol-95-498.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09±0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ±0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00±0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J<sub>45</sub>) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by −0.06±0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was <0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability <0.50 D in ≥85%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Intraocular lens</kwd><kwd>pseudophakia</kwd><kwd>objective accommodation</kwd><kwd>autorefractor</kwd><kwd>lens and zonules</kwd><kwd>optics and refraction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><partName>Original article</partName><title>Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><partName>Original article</partName><title>Evaluation of an open-field autorefractor's ability to measure refraction and hence potential to assess objective accommodation in pseudophakes</title></titleInfo><name type="personal" displayLabel="corresp"><namePart type="given">James Stuart</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolffsohn</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: j.s.w.wolffsohn@aston.ac.uk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Leon Nicholas</namePart><namePart type="family">Davies</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shehzad Anjam</namePart><namePart type="family">Naroo</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Phillip Jonathan</namePart><namePart type="family">Buckhurst</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">George Anthony</namePart><namePart type="family">Gibson</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Navneet</namePart><namePart type="family">Gupta</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jennifer Patricia</namePart><namePart type="family">Craig</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sunil</namePart><namePart type="family">Shah</namePart><affiliation>Aston University, School of Life and Health Sciences, Ophthalmic Research Group, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Midland Eye Institute, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><affiliation>Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, Birmingham, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2011-04</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2010-07-23</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2011</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>Background To evaluate the accuracy of an open-field autorefractor compared with subjective refraction in pseudophakes and hence its ability to assess objective eye focus with intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods Objective refraction was measured at 6 m using the Shin-Nippon NVision-K 5001/Grand Seiko WR-5100K open-field autorefractor (five repeats) and by subjective refraction on 141 eyes implanted with a spherical (Softec1 n=53), aspherical (SoftecHD n=37) or accommodating (1CU n=22; Tetraflex n=29) IOL. Autorefraction was repeated 2 months later. Results The autorefractor prescription was similar (average difference: 0.09±0.53 D; p=0.19) to that found by subjective refraction, with ∼71% within ±0.50 D. The horizontal cylindrical components were similar (difference: 0.00±0.39 D; p=0.96), although the oblique (J45) autorefractor cylindrical vector was slightly more negative (by −0.06±0.25 D; p=0.06) than the subjective refraction. The results were similar for each of the IOL designs except for the spherical IOL, where the mean spherical equivalent difference between autorefraction and subjective was more hypermetropic than the Tetraflex accommodating IOL (F=2.77, p=0.04). The intrasession repeatability was <0.55 D (95% CI) and intersession repeatability <0.50 D in ≥85%. Conclusions The autorefractor gives valid and repeatable measures of pseudophakic eye refraction and hence objective accommodation.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Intraocular lens</topic><topic>pseudophakia</topic><topic>objective accommodation</topic><topic>autorefractor</topic><topic>lens and zonules</topic><topic>optics and refraction</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>British Journal of Ophthalmology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Br J Ophthalmol</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0007-1161</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-2079</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">bjo</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">bjophthalmol</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-nlm-ta">Br J Ophthalmol</identifier><part><date>2011</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>95</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>498</start></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">2B889819E3F599B83BA4110CB2AC5D49606E51B8</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1136/bjo.2010.185009</identifier><identifier type="href">bjophthalmol-95-498.pdf</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">bjophthalmol185009</identifier><identifier type="PMID">20657018</identifier><identifier type="local">bjophthalmol;95/4/498</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2011, Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. 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