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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">An evaluation of the environmental and health effects of vehicle exhaust catalysts in the UK.</title><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Emma J" sort="Hutchinson, Emma J" uniqKey="Hutchinson E" first="Emma J" last="Hutchinson">Emma J. Hutchinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, Peter J G" sort="Pearson, Peter J G" uniqKey="Pearson P" first="Peter J G" last="Pearson">Peter J G. Pearson</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">14754566</idno><idno type="pmc">1241821</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241821</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1241821</idno><date when="2004">2004</date><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMedCentral/Corpus">000027</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMedCentral" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000027</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">An evaluation of the environmental and health effects of vehicle exhaust catalysts in the UK.</title><author><name sortKey="Hutchinson, Emma J" sort="Hutchinson, Emma J" uniqKey="Hutchinson E" first="Emma J" last="Hutchinson">Emma J. Hutchinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pearson, Peter J G" sort="Pearson, Peter J G" uniqKey="Pearson P" first="Peter J G" last="Pearson">Peter J G. Pearson</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><imprint><date when="2004">2004</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Since 1993, all new gasoline-engine automobiles in the United Kingdom have been supplied with three-way vehicle exhaust catalytic converters (VECs) containing platinum, palladium, and rhodium, to comply with European Commission Stage I limits on emissions of regulated pollutants: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen. We conducted a physical and economic evaluation of the environmental and health benefits from a reduction in emissions through this mandated environmental technology against the costs, with reference to urban areas in Great Britain. We made both an ex post assessment--based on available data to 1998--and an ex ante assessment--projected to 2005, the year when full penetration of VECs into the fleet is expected. Substantial health benefits in excess of the costs of VECs were indicated: By 1998 the estimated net societal health benefits were approximately 500 million British pounds, and by 2005 they were estimated to rise to as much as 2 billion British pounds. We also found through environmental surveys that although lead in road dust has fallen by 50% in urban areas, platinum accumulations near roads have risen significantly, up to 90-fold higher than natural background levels. This rapid accumulation of platinum suggests further monitoring is warranted, although as yet there is no evidence of adverse health effects.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Environ Health Perspect</journal-id><journal-title>Environmental Health Perspectives</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0091-6765</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">14754566</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1241821</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>An evaluation of the environmental and health effects of vehicle exhaust catalysts in the UK.</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hutchinson</surname><given-names>Emma J</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pearson</surname><given-names>Peter J G</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff>Environmental Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. emma.hutchinson@lshtm.ac.uk</aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>112</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>132</fpage><lpage>141</lpage><abstract><p>Since 1993, all new gasoline-engine automobiles in the United Kingdom have been supplied with three-way vehicle exhaust catalytic converters (VECs) containing platinum, palladium, and rhodium, to comply with European Commission Stage I limits on emissions of regulated pollutants: carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen. We conducted a physical and economic evaluation of the environmental and health benefits from a reduction in emissions through this mandated environmental technology against the costs, with reference to urban areas in Great Britain. We made both an ex post assessment--based on available data to 1998--and an ex ante assessment--projected to 2005, the year when full penetration of VECs into the fleet is expected. Substantial health benefits in excess of the costs of VECs were indicated: By 1998 the estimated net societal health benefits were approximately 500 million British pounds, and by 2005 they were estimated to rise to as much as 2 billion British pounds. We also found through environmental surveys that although lead in road dust has fallen by 50% in urban areas, platinum accumulations near roads have risen significantly, up to 90-fold higher than natural background levels. This rapid accumulation of platinum suggests further monitoring is warranted, although as yet there is no evidence of adverse health effects.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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