Effects of fasting and glucose load on free cortisol responses to stress and nicotine.
Identifieur interne : 000938 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000937; suivant : 000939Effects of fasting and glucose load on free cortisol responses to stress and nicotine.
Auteurs : C. Kirschbaum ; E. Gonzalez Bono ; N. Rohleder ; C. Gessner ; K M Pirke ; A. Salvador ; D H HellhammerSource :
- The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism [ 0021-972X ] ; 1997.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Blood Glucose.
- chemical , blood : Hydrocortisone.
- chemical , pharmacology : Glucose, Nicotine, Water.
- blood : Stress, Psychological.
- Adult, Fasting, Humans, Male, Smoking.
Abstract
The availability of energy appears to exert important regulatory functions in pituitary-adrenal stress responses. In two studies, the effects of short-term fasting and subsequent glucose administration on the free cortisol response to psychological stress and nicotine consumption were investigated. Study 1: After fasting for 8-11 h, healthy young men ingested either 100 g glucose (n = 13) or water (n = 12). One hour later they were exposed to a psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). A third group also ingested 100 g glucose, but they were not exposed to any additional treatment (n = 10). Capillary blood glucose levels were in the lower euglycemic range before and significantly elevated after the glucose load (64.9 +/- 9.8 vs. 162.5 +/- 43.5 mg/dL; F = 149.04, P < 0.001). Although glucose load per se did not affect free cortisol levels, psychosocial stress induced a large cortisol response in glucose-treated subjects. In contrast, fasted subjects who received tap water did not respond to the Trier Social Stress Test with significant changes in cortisol levels (F = 6.27, P < 0.001). Both groups responded with a similar increase in heart rates (F = 33.53, P < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between glucose and water-treated subjects. Study 2: Twelve habitual smokers received 100 g glucose or tap water after fasting for at least 8 h on two separate sessions (cross-over, random sequence). Forty-five min after glucose/water ingestion, they smoked two cigarettes with a nicotine content of 1.0 mg/cigarette. Subjects were euglycemic before smoking, with a significant rise of glucose levels after consumption of 100 g glucose (64.4 +/- 8.3 vs. 143.5 +/- 40.0 mg/dL; F = 40.25, P < 0.001). As in Exp 1, subjects showed a substantially larger free cortisol response to nicotine under glucose load compared with water load (F = 4.91, P < 0.001). From these data we conclude that the free cortisol response to stimulation is under significant control of center responsible for monitoring energy availability. Low glucose levels appear to inhibit adrenocortical responsiveness in healthy subjects. In agreement with results from animal studies, the present results suggest that ready access to energy is a prerequisite for hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress responses.
DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.4.3882
PubMed: 9100580
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Effects of fasting and glucose load on free cortisol responses to stress and nicotine.</title><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C" last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Psychobilogical and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany. kirschba@uni-trier.de</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Bono, E" sort="Gonzalez Bono, E" uniqKey="Gonzalez Bono E" first="E" last="Gonzalez Bono">E. Gonzalez Bono</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rohleder, N" sort="Rohleder, N" uniqKey="Rohleder N" first="N" last="Rohleder">N. Rohleder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gessner, C" sort="Gessner, C" uniqKey="Gessner C" first="C" last="Gessner">C. Gessner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pirke, K M" sort="Pirke, K M" uniqKey="Pirke K" first="K M" last="Pirke">K M Pirke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salvador, A" sort="Salvador, A" uniqKey="Salvador A" first="A" last="Salvador">A. Salvador</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, D H" sort="Hellhammer, D H" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="D H" last="Hellhammer">D H Hellhammer</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="1997">1997</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:9100580</idno><idno type="pmid">9100580</idno><idno type="doi">10.1210/jcem.82.4.3882</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000938</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000938</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Effects of fasting and glucose load on free cortisol responses to stress and nicotine.</title><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C" last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Psychobilogical and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany. kirschba@uni-trier.de</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Bono, E" sort="Gonzalez Bono, E" uniqKey="Gonzalez Bono E" first="E" last="Gonzalez Bono">E. Gonzalez Bono</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rohleder, N" sort="Rohleder, N" uniqKey="Rohleder N" first="N" last="Rohleder">N. Rohleder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gessner, C" sort="Gessner, C" uniqKey="Gessner C" first="C" last="Gessner">C. Gessner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pirke, K M" sort="Pirke, K M" uniqKey="Pirke K" first="K M" last="Pirke">K M Pirke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salvador, A" sort="Salvador, A" uniqKey="Salvador A" first="A" last="Salvador">A. Salvador</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, D H" sort="Hellhammer, D H" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="D H" last="Hellhammer">D H Hellhammer</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</title><idno type="ISSN">0021-972X</idno><imprint><date when="1997" type="published">1997</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Blood Glucose (analysis)</term><term>Fasting</term><term>Glucose (pharmacology)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hydrocortisone (blood)</term><term>Male</term><term>Nicotine (pharmacology)</term><term>Smoking</term><term>Stress, Psychological (blood)</term><term>Water (pharmacology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Blood Glucose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Hydrocortisone</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Glucose</term><term>Nicotine</term><term>Water</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Stress, Psychological</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Fasting</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Smoking</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The availability of energy appears to exert important regulatory functions in pituitary-adrenal stress responses. In two studies, the effects of short-term fasting and subsequent glucose administration on the free cortisol response to psychological stress and nicotine consumption were investigated. Study 1: After fasting for 8-11 h, healthy young men ingested either 100 g glucose (n = 13) or water (n = 12). One hour later they were exposed to a psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). A third group also ingested 100 g glucose, but they were not exposed to any additional treatment (n = 10). Capillary blood glucose levels were in the lower euglycemic range before and significantly elevated after the glucose load (64.9 +/- 9.8 vs. 162.5 +/- 43.5 mg/dL; F = 149.04, P < 0.001). Although glucose load per se did not affect free cortisol levels, psychosocial stress induced a large cortisol response in glucose-treated subjects. In contrast, fasted subjects who received tap water did not respond to the Trier Social Stress Test with significant changes in cortisol levels (F = 6.27, P < 0.001). Both groups responded with a similar increase in heart rates (F = 33.53, P < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between glucose and water-treated subjects. Study 2: Twelve habitual smokers received 100 g glucose or tap water after fasting for at least 8 h on two separate sessions (cross-over, random sequence). Forty-five min after glucose/water ingestion, they smoked two cigarettes with a nicotine content of 1.0 mg/cigarette. Subjects were euglycemic before smoking, with a significant rise of glucose levels after consumption of 100 g glucose (64.4 +/- 8.3 vs. 143.5 +/- 40.0 mg/dL; F = 40.25, P < 0.001). As in Exp 1, subjects showed a substantially larger free cortisol response to nicotine under glucose load compared with water load (F = 4.91, P < 0.001). From these data we conclude that the free cortisol response to stimulation is under significant control of center responsible for monitoring energy availability. Low glucose levels appear to inhibit adrenocortical responsiveness in healthy subjects. In agreement with results from animal studies, the present results suggest that ready access to energy is a prerequisite for hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress responses.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">9100580</PMID><DateCreated><Year>1997</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>1997</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>06</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0021-972X</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>82</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><PubDate><Year>1997</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism</Title><ISOAbbreviation>J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Effects of fasting and glucose load on free cortisol responses to stress and nicotine.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1101-5</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The availability of energy appears to exert important regulatory functions in pituitary-adrenal stress responses. In two studies, the effects of short-term fasting and subsequent glucose administration on the free cortisol response to psychological stress and nicotine consumption were investigated. Study 1: After fasting for 8-11 h, healthy young men ingested either 100 g glucose (n = 13) or water (n = 12). One hour later they were exposed to a psychosocial stress task (Trier Social Stress Test). A third group also ingested 100 g glucose, but they were not exposed to any additional treatment (n = 10). Capillary blood glucose levels were in the lower euglycemic range before and significantly elevated after the glucose load (64.9 +/- 9.8 vs. 162.5 +/- 43.5 mg/dL; F = 149.04, P < 0.001). Although glucose load per se did not affect free cortisol levels, psychosocial stress induced a large cortisol response in glucose-treated subjects. In contrast, fasted subjects who received tap water did not respond to the Trier Social Stress Test with significant changes in cortisol levels (F = 6.27, P < 0.001). Both groups responded with a similar increase in heart rates (F = 33.53, P < 0.001) with no statistically significant difference between glucose and water-treated subjects. Study 2: Twelve habitual smokers received 100 g glucose or tap water after fasting for at least 8 h on two separate sessions (cross-over, random sequence). Forty-five min after glucose/water ingestion, they smoked two cigarettes with a nicotine content of 1.0 mg/cigarette. Subjects were euglycemic before smoking, with a significant rise of glucose levels after consumption of 100 g glucose (64.4 +/- 8.3 vs. 143.5 +/- 40.0 mg/dL; F = 40.25, P < 0.001). As in Exp 1, subjects showed a substantially larger free cortisol response to nicotine under glucose load compared with water load (F = 4.91, P < 0.001). From these data we conclude that the free cortisol response to stimulation is under significant control of center responsible for monitoring energy availability. Low glucose levels appear to inhibit adrenocortical responsiveness in healthy subjects. In agreement with results from animal studies, the present results suggest that ready access to energy is a prerequisite for hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal stress responses.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kirschbaum</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Psychobilogical and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany. kirschba@uni-trier.de</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gonzalez Bono</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rohleder</LastName><ForeName>N</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gessner</LastName><ForeName>C</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pirke</LastName><ForeName>K M</ForeName><Initials>KM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Salvador</LastName><ForeName>A</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hellhammer</LastName><ForeName>D H</ForeName><Initials>DH</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016430">Clinical Trial</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016449">Randomized Controlled Trial</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>J Clin Endocrinol Metab</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0375362</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0021-972X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D001786">Blood Glucose</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>059QF0KO0R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014867">Water</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>6M3C89ZY6R</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D009538">Nicotine</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>IY9XDZ35W2</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005947">Glucose</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>WI4X0X7BPJ</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D006854">Hydrocortisone</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001786" MajorTopicYN="N">Blood Glucose</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000032" MajorTopicYN="N">analysis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005215" MajorTopicYN="Y">Fasting</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005947" MajorTopicYN="N">Glucose</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006854" MajorTopicYN="N">Hydrocortisone</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009538" MajorTopicYN="N">Nicotine</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="Y">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012907" MajorTopicYN="N">Smoking</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013315" MajorTopicYN="N">Stress, Psychological</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000097" MajorTopicYN="Y">blood</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014867" MajorTopicYN="N">Water</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000494" MajorTopicYN="N">pharmacology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>1997</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>1</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>1997</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>1</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>1997</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>1</Day><Hour>0</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9100580</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1210/jcem.82.4.3882</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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