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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genotyping <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice</title><author><name sortKey="Dubey, J P" sort="Dubey, J P" uniqKey="Dubey J" first="J. P." last="Dubey">J. P. Dubey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Why, K" sort="Van Why, K" uniqKey="Van Why K" first="K." last="Van Why">K. Van Why</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Harrisburg, PA 17106-0827, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verma, S K" sort="Verma, S K" uniqKey="Verma S" first="S. K." last="Verma">S. K. Verma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choudhary, S" sort="Choudhary, S" uniqKey="Choudhary S" first="S." last="Choudhary">S. Choudhary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwok, O C H" sort="Kwok, O C H" uniqKey="Kwok O" first="O. C. H." last="Kwok">O. C. H. Kwok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, A" sort="Khan, A" uniqKey="Khan A" first="A." last="Khan">A. Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behinke, M S" sort="Behinke, M S" uniqKey="Behinke M" first="M. S." last="Behinke">M. S. Behinke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, L D" sort="Sibley, L D" uniqKey="Sibley L" first="L. D." last="Sibley">L. D. Sibley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, L R" sort="Ferreira, L R" uniqKey="Ferreira L" first="L. R." last="Ferreira">L. R. Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, S" sort="Oliveira, S" uniqKey="Oliveira S" first="S." last="Oliveira">S. Oliveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weaver, M" sort="Weaver, M" uniqKey="Weaver M" first="M." last="Weaver">M. Weaver</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, R" sort="Stewart, R" uniqKey="Stewart R" first="R." last="Stewart">R. Stewart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, C" sort="Su, C" uniqKey="Su C" first="C." last="Su">C. Su</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24332401</idno><idno type="pmc">4526132</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4526132</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4526132</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.001</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000056</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000056</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Genotyping <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice</title><author><name sortKey="Dubey, J P" sort="Dubey, J P" uniqKey="Dubey J" first="J. P." last="Dubey">J. P. Dubey</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Why, K" sort="Van Why, K" uniqKey="Van Why K" first="K." last="Van Why">K. Van Why</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Harrisburg, PA 17106-0827, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verma, S K" sort="Verma, S K" uniqKey="Verma S" first="S. K." last="Verma">S. K. Verma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Choudhary, S" sort="Choudhary, S" uniqKey="Choudhary S" first="S." last="Choudhary">S. Choudhary</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kwok, O C H" sort="Kwok, O C H" uniqKey="Kwok O" first="O. C. H." last="Kwok">O. C. H. Kwok</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khan, A" sort="Khan, A" uniqKey="Khan A" first="A." last="Khan">A. Khan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behinke, M S" sort="Behinke, M S" uniqKey="Behinke M" first="M. S." last="Behinke">M. S. Behinke</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sibley, L D" sort="Sibley, L D" uniqKey="Sibley L" first="L. D." last="Sibley">L. D. Sibley</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferreira, L R" sort="Ferreira, L R" uniqKey="Ferreira L" first="L. R." last="Ferreira">L. R. Ferreira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oliveira, S" sort="Oliveira, S" uniqKey="Oliveira S" first="S." last="Oliveira">S. Oliveira</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Weaver, M" sort="Weaver, M" uniqKey="Weaver M" first="M." last="Weaver">M. Weaver</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, R" sort="Stewart, R" uniqKey="Stewart R" first="R." last="Stewart">R. Stewart</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Su, C" sort="Su, C" uniqKey="Su C" first="C." last="Su">C. Su</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Veterinary parasitology</title><idno type="ISSN">0304-4017</idno><idno type="eISSN">1873-2550</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">Recent studies indicated the predominance of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> haplogroup 12 in wildlife in USA. But still little is known of the genetic diversity of this parasite circulating in wildlife. In the present study, we tested coyotes (<italic>Canis latrans</italic>), red foxes (<italic>Vulpes vulpes</italic>), white-tailed deer (<italic>Odocoileus virginianus</italic>), and geese (<italic>Branta canadensis</italic>) from the state of Pennsylvania for <italic>T. gondii</italic> infection. Antibodies to <italic>T. gondii</italic> were found in 160 of 367 animals, including 92 (34.5%) of 266 coyotes, 49 (62.0%) of 79 white-tailed deer, 17 (85.0%) of 20 red fox, and two of two Canada geese tested by the modified agglutination test (cut off titer 1:25). Tissues from 105 seropositive animals were bioassayed in mice, and viable <italic>T. gondii</italic> was isolated from 29 animals, including 10 of 53 coyotes, 11 of 16 foxes, 7 of 49 deer, and one of one goose. DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites of these isolates was characterized initially using multilocus PCR-RFLP markers. Nine genotypes were revealed, including ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #1 (4 isolates), #2 (2 isolates), #3 (4 isolates), #4 (6 isolates), #5 (4 isolates), #54 (1 isolate), #141 (1 isolate), #143 (1 isolate), and #216 (6 isolates), indicating high genetic diversity of <italic>T. gondii</italic> in wildlife in Pennsylvania. Pathogenicity of six <italic>T. gondii</italic> isolates (5 of #216 and #141) was determined in outbred Swiss Webster mice. Three of #216 and the #141 isolates were acute virulent to mice, and the other 2 #216 isolates were intermediate virulent. To determine the extent of genetic variation of these as well as a few recently reported virulent isolates from wildlife in North America, intron sequences were generated. Analysis of intron sequences and PCR-RFLP genotyping results indicated that the #216 isolates are likely derived from recombination of the clonal type I and III lineages. To determine if <italic>T. gondii</italic> virulence can be predicted by typing, we genotyped a collection of strains using PCR-RFLP markers for polymorphic genes <italic>ROP5</italic>, <italic>ROP16</italic>, <italic>ROP18</italic> and <italic>GRA15</italic>, which are known to interact with host immune response. The results showed that there is an association of genotypes of <italic>ROP5</italic> and <italic>ROP18</italic> with mouse-virulence, however, additional gene(s) may also contribute to virulence in distinct <italic>T. gondii</italic> genotypes.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">7602745</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">7988</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Vet Parasitol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Vet. Parasitol.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Veterinary parasitology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0304-4017</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1873-2550</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24332401</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4526132</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS705007</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Genotyping <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> from wildlife in Pennsylvania and identification of natural recombinants virulent to mice</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dubey</surname><given-names>J.P.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Van Why</surname><given-names>K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verma</surname><given-names>S.K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choudhary</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kwok</surname><given-names>O.C.H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khan</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Behinke</surname><given-names>M.S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sibley</surname><given-names>L.D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">c</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ferreira</surname><given-names>L.R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oliveira</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Weaver</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stewart</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">d</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Su</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">e</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>b</label>United States Department of Agriculture, Animal Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Harrisburg, PA 17106-0827, USA</aff><aff id="A3"><label>c</label>Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA</aff><aff id="A4"><label>d</label>Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA 17257, USA</aff><aff id="A5"><label>e</label>Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 301 504 8128; fax: +1 301 504 9222. <email>Jitender.dubey@ars.usda.gov</email> (J.P. Dubey)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>9</day><month>7</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>24</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>05</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>200</volume><issue>0</issue><fpage>74</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.11.001</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">Recent studies indicated the predominance of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic> haplogroup 12 in wildlife in USA. But still little is known of the genetic diversity of this parasite circulating in wildlife. In the present study, we tested coyotes (<italic>Canis latrans</italic>), red foxes (<italic>Vulpes vulpes</italic>), white-tailed deer (<italic>Odocoileus virginianus</italic>), and geese (<italic>Branta canadensis</italic>) from the state of Pennsylvania for <italic>T. gondii</italic> infection. Antibodies to <italic>T. gondii</italic> were found in 160 of 367 animals, including 92 (34.5%) of 266 coyotes, 49 (62.0%) of 79 white-tailed deer, 17 (85.0%) of 20 red fox, and two of two Canada geese tested by the modified agglutination test (cut off titer 1:25). Tissues from 105 seropositive animals were bioassayed in mice, and viable <italic>T. gondii</italic> was isolated from 29 animals, including 10 of 53 coyotes, 11 of 16 foxes, 7 of 49 deer, and one of one goose. DNA isolated from culture-derived tachyzoites of these isolates was characterized initially using multilocus PCR-RFLP markers. Nine genotypes were revealed, including ToxoDB PCR-RFLP #1 (4 isolates), #2 (2 isolates), #3 (4 isolates), #4 (6 isolates), #5 (4 isolates), #54 (1 isolate), #141 (1 isolate), #143 (1 isolate), and #216 (6 isolates), indicating high genetic diversity of <italic>T. gondii</italic> in wildlife in Pennsylvania. Pathogenicity of six <italic>T. gondii</italic> isolates (5 of #216 and #141) was determined in outbred Swiss Webster mice. Three of #216 and the #141 isolates were acute virulent to mice, and the other 2 #216 isolates were intermediate virulent. To determine the extent of genetic variation of these as well as a few recently reported virulent isolates from wildlife in North America, intron sequences were generated. Analysis of intron sequences and PCR-RFLP genotyping results indicated that the #216 isolates are likely derived from recombination of the clonal type I and III lineages. To determine if <italic>T. gondii</italic> virulence can be predicted by typing, we genotyped a collection of strains using PCR-RFLP markers for polymorphic genes <italic>ROP5</italic>, <italic>ROP16</italic>, <italic>ROP18</italic> and <italic>GRA15</italic>, which are known to interact with host immune response. The results showed that there is an association of genotypes of <italic>ROP5</italic> and <italic>ROP18</italic> with mouse-virulence, however, additional gene(s) may also contribute to virulence in distinct <italic>T. gondii</italic> genotypes.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Toxoplasma gondii</italic></kwd><kwd>Wildlife</kwd><kwd>Seroprevalence</kwd><kwd>Isolation</kwd><kwd>Genotyping</kwd><kwd>Pennsylvania</kwd><kwd>USA</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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