War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England
Identifieur interne : 000654 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000653; suivant : 000655War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England
Auteurs : P. S. LewisSource :
- Transactions of the Royal Historical Society [ 0080-4401 ] ; 1965-12.
Abstract
At its lowest and most popular, verity concerning the war between England and France in the fifteenth century was slipped into the minds of its recipients by such itinerant chansonniers as the one who, according to Louis XI, ‘se soit mis a aller par nostre royaume pour chanter et recorder chancons, dictez et records touchant les bonnes novelles et advantures qui nous sont survenues et surviennent chacun jour au bien de nous et de nostre seigneurie’; it could be found obfuscated in the mysteries of semi-heraldic prophecy, to which even so respectable a figure as Christine de Pisan in her old age contributed; its sediment settled in commonplace note-taking on both sides of the Channel.
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DOI: 10.2307/3678814
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S.</forename><surname>Lewis</surname></persName><affiliation>All Souls College, Oxford</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">3BB34E253907C4053AFD6362ED2125D4D9086CFE</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-GG38DSN4-R</idno><idno type="DOI">10.2307/3678814</idno><idno type="PII">S0080440100004990</idno><idno type="article-id">00499</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</title><idno type="pISSN">0080-4401</idno><idno type="eISSN">1474-0648</idno><idno type="publisher-id">RHT</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1965-12"></date><biblScope unit="volume">15</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="21">21</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1965</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract style="text-abstract"><p>At its lowest and most popular, verity concerning the war between England and France in the fifteenth century was slipped into the minds of its recipients by such itinerant chansonniers as the one who, according to Louis XI, ‘se soit mis a aller par nostre royaume pour chanter et recorder chancons, dictez et records touchant les bonnes novelles et advantures qui nous sont survenues et surviennent chacun jour au bien de nous et de nostre seigneurie’; it could be found obfuscated in the mysteries of semi-heraldic prophecy, to which even so respectable a figure as Christine de Pisan in her old age contributed; its sediment settled in commonplace note-taking on both sides of the Channel.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1965-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-GG38DSN4-R/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus cambridge not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.2 20060430//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article dtd-version="2.2" article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">RHT</journal-id><journal-title>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0080-4401</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1474-0648</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2307/3678814</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S0080440100004990</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">00499</article-id><title-group><article-title>War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">PROPAGANDA IN FIFTEENTH-CENTURY FRANCE AND ENGLAND</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib><name><surname>Lewis</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name><degrees>M.A., F.R.Hist.S.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><institution>All Souls College</institution>, <addr-line>Oxford</addr-line></aff><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>12</month><year>1965</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><fpage seq="2">1</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>1964</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1965</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1965</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Royal Historical Society</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract abstract-type="text-abstract"><p>At its lowest and most popular, verity concerning the war between England and France in the fifteenth century was slipped into the minds of its recipients by such itinerant <italic>chansonniers</italic> as the one who, according to Louis XI, ‘se soit mis a aller par nostre royaume pour chanter et recorder chancons, dictez et records touchant les bonnes novelles et advantures qui nous sont survenues et surviennent chacun jour au bien de nous et de nostre seigneurie’; it could be found obfuscated in the mysteries of semi-heraldic prophecy, to which even so respectable a figure as Christine de Pisan in her old age contributed; its sediment settled in commonplace note-taking on both sides of the Channel.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="21"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>pdf</meta-name><meta-value>S0080440100004990a.pdf</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>series</meta-name><meta-value>5</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>seriesText</meta-name><meta-value>Fifth Series</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front><back><fn-group><fn id="fn01" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>B[bliothèque] N[ationale], MS. fr. 5909. fo. 29<sup>r</sup>, printed by <citation id="ref001" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Samaran</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Chanteurs ambulants et propagande politique sous Louis XI</article-title>’, <source>Bibliotheque de VEcole des Charles</source>, <volume>c</volume> (<year>1939</year>), p. <fpage>233</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn02" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><citation id="ref002" citation-type="book">Je, Christine, qui ay plouré, ed. <name><surname>Quicherat</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, <source>Procès de condamnation et de rehabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc</source>, <volume>v</volume> (<publisher-name>S[ociété de 1'] Hfistoire de] F[rance]</publisher-name>, <year>1849</year>), p. <fpage>8</fpage>.</citation> A considerable elaboration of this theme may be found, with other prophecies, in the last of a group of treatises addressed to Charles VII about 1445 by his ‘povre, petit et ignorant subgiect, Jehan Dubois’ (B.N., MS. fr. 5734, fos 58<sup>r</sup>-59<sup>r</sup>).</p></fn><fn id="fn03" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>For example see <citation id="ref003" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Delisle</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Notes de Nicole de Savigny, avocat parisien du xv<sup>e</sup> siècle, sur les exploits de Jeanne d'Arc et sur divers événements de son temps</article-title>’, <source>Bull, de la Soc. de l'hist. de Paris</source>, <volume>i</volume> (<year>1874</year>), pp. <fpage>42</fpage>–<lpage>44</lpage></citation>; B[odleian] L[ibrary], Rawlinson MS. B.214, fos 121 r–v, 150<sup>r-</sup>152<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn04" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref004" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Delisle</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, p. <fpage>43</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref005" citation-type="book"><source>Political Poems and Songs</source>, ed. <name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name>, <volume>ii</volume> (<publisher-name>R[olls] Sferies]</publisher-name>, <year>1861</year>), pp. <fpage>127</fpage>, <fpage>130</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn05" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref006" citation-type="book"><source>Le Mistère du siège d'Orléans</source>, ed. <name><surname>Guessard</surname><given-names>F.</given-names></name> and <name><surname>de Certain</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name> (<publisher-name>Documents inedits sur l'histoire de France</publisher-name>, <year>1862</year>).</citation> For other examples see <citation id="ref007" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Wright</surname></name>, op. cit., and <source>Recueil de chants historiques français</source>, ed. <name><surname>de Lincy</surname><given-names>Leroux</given-names></name>, <volume>i</volume> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1841</year>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn06" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>For an example of the latter see <citation id="ref008" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Chartier</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <source>Le Quadrilogue invectif</source>, ed. <name><surname>Droz</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name> (<edition>2nd edn</edition>, <publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1950</year>), pp. <fpage>17</fpage>–<lpage>19</lpage>.</citation> Verse could be used occasionally for sterner stuff: e.g. <citation id="ref009" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Wright</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, pp. <fpage>131</fpage>–40</citation>; cf. below, p. 9, n. 3.</p></fn><fn id="fn07" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>Full reference to these, and to the MSS. in which they are found, is given below, pp. 10–12, nn. 3–6, 1–5, 1–2, pp. 14–15, nn. 4–6, 1–2.</p></fn><fn id="fn08" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>Some of the texts have been discussed by <citation id="ref010" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Potter</surname><given-names>J. M.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>The Development and Significance of the Salic Law of the French</article-title>’, <source>Eng. Hist. Rev.</source>, <volume>lii</volume> (<year>1937</year>), pp. <fpage>235</fpage>–53</citation>; <citation id="ref011" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Bossuat</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Les Origines troyennes: leur rôle dans la littérature historique au xv<sup>e</sup> siècle</article-title>’, <source>Annales de Normandie</source>, <volume>viii</volume> (<year>1958</year>), pp. <fpage>187</fpage>–97.</citation> A sensitive <italic>aperçu</italic> of the group as a whole (though one innocent of very much reference for its source material) is given by <citation id="ref012" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Bossuat</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>La littérature de propagande au xv<sup>e</sup> siècle: le mémoire de Jean de Rinel, secrétaire du roi d'Angleterre, contre le due de Bourgogne (1435)</article-title>', <source>Cahiers d'histoire</source>, <volume>i</volume> (<year>1956</year>), pp. <fpage>131</fpage>–46.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn09" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref013" citation-type="book"><name><surname>de Montreuil</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name>, <source>A tome la chevalerie de France</source> (<publisher-name>B[ibliothéque] R[oyale de Belgique]</publisher-name>, MS. 10306–7), fo. 6<sup>V</sup>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn10" symbol="8"><label><sup>8</sup></label><p><citation id="ref014" citation-type="journal">‘<article-title>Two Pieces of Fifteenth-Century Political Iconography: (b) The English Kill their Kings</article-title>’, <source>Journal of the Warburg and Counauld Institutes</source>, <volume>xxvii</volume> (<year>1964</year>), pp. <fpage>319</fpage>–20.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn11" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><italic>A toute la chevalerie de France</italic>, fo. 10<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn12" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>Cest chose profitable</italic> (Bfritish] M[useum], Add. MS. 13961), fo. 58<sup>v</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn13" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref015" citation-type="other"><name><surname>Ursins</surname><given-names>Jean Juvenal des</given-names></name>, <italic>Audite cell que loquor</italic> (B.N., MS. fr. 5022), fo. 28<sup>r</sup>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn14" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref016" citation-type="book">Response d'un bon et loyal Francois au peuple de France de tous estats, ed. <name><surname>Barre</surname><given-names>N. de La</given-names></name>, <source>Mémoires pour servir à I'histoire de France et de Bourgogne</source>, <volume>i</volume> <publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1729</year>), pp. <fpage>315</fpage>, <fpage>321</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn15" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><italic>A toute la chevalerie de France</italic>, fo. 6 bis<sup>v</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn16" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p><italic>La Geahologie des roys de France</italic> (B.N., MS. fr. 833), fo. 9i<sup>v</sup>. The sentiment was attributed by Jean de Montreuil, of whose larger treatise this ‘genealogy’ is in fact a variant abbreviation, to Richard II (‘Precursory text’ (B.N., MS. fr. 23281), fo. i2<sup>v</sup>).</p></fn><fn id="fn17" symbol="7"><label><sup>7</sup></label><p><italic>Audite celi que loquor</italic>, fo. 57<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn18" symbol="8"><label><sup>8</sup></label><p><italic>A toute la chevalerie de France</italic>, fo. 10<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn19" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>‘Precursory text’, fo. 28<sup>v</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn20" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>Cest chose profitable</italic>, fo. 2<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn21" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref017" citation-type="other"><name><surname>de Montreuil</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, ‘French text’ (B.N., MS. fr. 4983), fo. 78<sup>v</sup>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn22" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>The authors of the treatises do not seem in general to have derived much help from the <italic>Songe</italic>. Jean de Montreuil made frequent reference to ‘un autre traictie a part assez plus grant que cest ycy’ (‘Precursory text’, fo. 22<sup>r</sup>), which may have been the <italic>Songe</italic> but which was possibly more likely to have been the <citation id="ref018" citation-type="other"><italic>Memore abrege grossement</italic> (see below, p. <fpage>17</fpage>).</citation> The relevant chapters of the <italic>Songe</italic> were copied out for English diplomats (B.M., Cotton MS. Tiberius B.xii, fos 37<sup>r</sup>-42<sup>r</sup>; Harley MS. 861, fos 67<sup>r</sup>-72<sup>r</sup>; Harley MS. 4763, fos 35<sup>r</sup>-41<sup>r</sup> (<citation id="ref019" citation-type="other"><italic>Somnlum Viridarii</italic>, cap. <fpage>186</fpage></citation>); B[odleian] L[ibrary], Bodley MS. 885, fos. 4<sup>r</sup>-7<sup>v</sup> (<italic>Somnium</italic>, cc. 186–87); B.M., Harley MS. 4763, fos I99<sup>v</sup>-209<sup>r</sup> (<citation id="ref020" citation-type="other"><italic>Songe du Verger</italic>, cc. <fpage>145</fpage>–46)).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn23" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>‘Precursory text’, fo. 26<sup>r</sup>. The ‘devote creature’ of Jean Juvenal's vision in <italic>Audite celi que loquor</italic> was conveniently unable to carry the more complex argument of the principal protagonists in her head (fo. 37<sup>r</sup>).</p></fn><fn id="fn24" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>Quittance of 22 May 1453, B.M., Add. Ch. 8121.</p></fn><fn id="fn25" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>Inventory taken in Nov. 1496, B.M., Add. MS. 11538, fo. 2<sup>V</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn26" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref021" citation-type="book"><source>Le Songe du Vergier</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <fpage>1492</fpage>), B.L., Auct.2.Q-4.i., sig. [v vij]<sup>r</sup>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn27" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><italic>Cest chose profitable</italic>, fo. 58<sup>v</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn28" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p>‘Precursory text’, fo. 26<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn29" symbol="7"><label><sup>7</sup></label><p><citation id="ref022" citation-type="other"><italic>Pour vraye congnoissance avoir</italic> (B.N., MS. fr. 25159), p. <fpage>2</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn30" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref023" citation-type="book"><source>Oeuvres de R. Blondel</source>, ed. <name><surname>Héron</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <volume>i</volume> (<publisher-name>Soc. de Phist. de Normandie</publisher-name>, <year>1891</year>), p. <fpage>295</fpage>. For the parallel French and Latin texts of Jean de Montreuil see below, p. 11, n. 5.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn31" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>Reference to these is given below, as above, p. 2, n. 3.</p></fn><fn id="fn32" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><italic>Audite celi que loquor</italic> and <italic>Pourceque pluseurs</italic>, finished at Amboise on 7 Feb. 1470 (B.N., MS. fr. 5056).</p></fn><fn id="fn33" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>Decorated copies of <italic>Pourceque pluseurs</italic> (B.N., MSS nouv. acq. fr. 20962 and fr. 5058).</p></fn><fn id="fn34" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><italic>Audite cell que loquor</italic> (described as ‘commentum et romancium’) written at Nîmes and dated 10 Mar. 1452 (B[ibliothéque] Mun[icipale de] Troyes, MS. 2380).</p></fn><fn id="fn35" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p>A poor copy of <italic>Audite cell que loquor</italic> (B. Mun. Bourges, MS. 242).</p></fn><fn id="fn36" symbol="7"><label><sup>7</sup></label><p>‘Precursory text’, fo. 26<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn37" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>‘Latin text’ (B.N., MS. lat. 18337), fo. 3<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn38" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>La Geanologie des roys de France</italic>, fos 91<sup>v</sup>-92<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn39" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><italic>Traictie compendieux</italic> [<italic>de la querelle de France contre les Anglois</italic>] (B.N., MS. fr. 17512), fo. 2<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn40" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref024" citation-type="journal"><article-title>Recueil de chants historiques français</article-title>, <source>op. cit</source>, p. <fpage>326</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn41" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref025" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Dupont</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Pour ou contre le roi d'Angleterre (les titulaires de fiefs à la date du 2 avril 1426 dans les sergenteries de Saint-Lô, Le Hommet, Sainte-Marie du Mont, La Haye du Puits et Sainte-Mère-Eglise, dépendant de la vicomté de Carentan)</article-title>’, <source>Bull, de la Soc. des antiquaires de Normandie</source>, <volume>liv</volume> (<year>1957</year>–<year>1958</year>), Pp. <fpage>164</fpage>–66.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn42" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p>For picaresque examples see <citation id="ref026" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Cazelles</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>, <source>La Société politique et la crise de la royauté sous Philippe de Valois</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1958</year>), p. <fpage>204</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref027" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Le “Signe royal” et le secret de Jeanne d'Arc</article-title>’, <source>Revue kistorique</source>, <volume>ciii</volume> (<year>1910</year>), p. <fpage>280</fpage>, n. 2.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn43" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref028" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Chaplais</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Un Message de Jean de Fiennes à Edouard II et le projet de démembrement du royaume de France (Janvier 1317)</article-title>’ <source>Revue du Nord</source>, <volume>xliii</volume> (<year>1961</year>), pp. <fpage>145</fpage>–48.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn44" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fos 4i<sup>r</sup>-43<sup>v</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn45" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>Lambeth Palace Library, MS. 506, fo. 31<sup>v</sup>; <citation id="ref029" citation-type="book"><source>Letters and Papers Illustra tive of the Wars of the English in France</source>, ed. <name><surname>Stevenson</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, <volume>ii</volume>. 2 (<publisher-loc>R.S.</publisher-loc>, <year>1864</year>), p. [576].</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn46" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>For instance in <italic>Audite celi que loquor</italic>, fos 50<sup>v</sup> ff.</p></fn><fn id="fn47" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref030" citation-type="book"><source>The boke of noblesse</source> (B.M., Royal MS. 18 B.xxii,) fo. 28<sup>v</sup> ed. <name><surname>Nichols</surname><given-names>J. G.</given-names></name> (<publisher-name>Roxburghe Club</publisher-name>, <year>1860</year>), p. <fpage>56</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn48" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>Lambeth Palace Library, MS. 506, fo. 3i<sup>v</sup>; <citation id="ref031" citation-type="journal"><article-title>Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France</article-title>, <source>op. cit.</source>, p. [<fpage>576</fpage>].</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn49" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>For instance by <citation id="ref032" citation-type="book"><name><surname>de Montreuil</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name> (in a letter printed in <source>La Cronique martinienne</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <fpage>1502</fpage>?)</citation>, fos 267<sup>v</sup>-268<sup>v</sup>) and by <citation id="ref033" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Worcester</surname><given-names>William</given-names></name> (<source>The boke of noblesse</source>, fos 21<sup>r</sup>-22<sup>r</sup>; ed. <name><surname>Nichols</surname></name>, pp. <fpage>41</fpage>–<lpage>42</lpage>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn50" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref034" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Rowe</surname><given-names>B. J. H.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Henry VFs Claim to France in Picture and Poem</article-title>’, <source>The Library</source>, 4th Ser., <volume>xiii</volume> (<year>1932</year>–<year>1933</year>), pp. <fpage>77</fpage>–<lpage>88</lpage>.</citation> For other propaganda produced on the English side see below, pp. 14–15.</p></fn><fn id="fn51" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>B.L., Bodley MS. 968, fo. 187<sup>v</sup>. According to Noël de Fribois (fo. 70<sup>r</sup>) <citation id="ref035" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Oresme</surname></name> ‘<article-title>parle du droit du roy contre les Anglois</article-title>’ in his translation of Aristotle's <source>Economics, Ethics and Politics</source></citation> (<citation id="ref036" citation-type="journal">cf. <name><surname>Bossuat</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Nicole Oresme et le “Songe du Verger”</article-title>’, <source>Le Moyen Age</source>, <volume>liii</volume> (<year>1947</year>), pp. <fpage>114</fpage>–16).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn52" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref037" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Coville</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <source>Gontier et Pierre Col et l'humanisme en France au temps de Charles VI</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1934</year>), p. <fpage>251</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref038" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Thomas</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <source>De Joannis de Monsterolio vita et operibus</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1883</year>), pp. <fpage>6</fpage>–<lpage>13</lpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn53" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p><citation id="ref039" citation-type="book"><name><surname>de Beaucourt</surname><given-names>G. Du Fresne</given-names></name>, <source>Histoire de Charles VII</source>, <volume>vi</volume> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1891</year>), p. <fpage>406</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn54" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref040" citation-type="journal"><source>Oeuvres de R. Blondel, op. cit.</source>, pp. <fpage>xiv</fpage>–xxxj, <fpage>xiij</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn55" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><citation id="ref041" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Péchenard</surname><given-names>P. L.</given-names></name>, <source>Jean Juvénal des Ursins, historien de Charles VI, êvêque de Beauvais et de Laon, archevêque due de Reims</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1876</year>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn56" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>(B.N., MS. fr. 5022), fos 27<sup>r</sup>-6i<sup>r</sup> (lightly corrected and signed in Jean Juvenal's hand; <italic>cf</italic>. B.N., M.S. Dupuy 673, fos 51<sup>r</sup>, 56<sup>r</sup>). Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.N., MSS fr. 1128, 2701, 5038, 5056, 6160; Musée Condé, MS. 923; B. Mun. Bourges, MS. 242; B. Mun. Troyes, MS. 2380; B.R., MS. 14785–86. A résumé is given by <citation id="ref042" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Péchenard</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, pp. <fpage>167</fpage>–77.</citation> The treatise was written in May 1435.</p></fn><fn id="fn57" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>B.N., MS. fr. 5038, fos 49<sup>r</sup>-56<sup>r</sup>. The treatise was printed in <citation id="ref043" citation-type="book"><source>Gersonii opera</source>, ed. <name><surname>Pin</surname><given-names>E. Du</given-names></name>, <volume>iv</volume> (<publisher-loc>Antwerp</publisher-loc>, <year>1706</year>)</citation>, cols 850–59 (from a St-Victor MS. now untraceable) and in <citation id="ref044" citation-type="book"><source>Sibylla francica …; item dialogi duo de querelis Franciae et Angliae et iure successionis utrorumque regum in regno Franciae</source>, ed. <name><surname>Goldast</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Oberursel</publisher-loc>, 1606), pp. <fpage>28</fpage>–<lpage>43</lpage></citation> (from a MS. in Goldast's library). Goldast identified the author as Pierre d'Ailly; if he was correct the text must have been refurbished at least two years after Ailly's death in 1420.</p></fn><fn id="fn58" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><italic>Cest chose profitable</italic> (B.M., Add. MS. 13961). Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.N., MSS fr. 1233, 4943, 4949, 5026, 5701, 5705, 10141, 13569; B[ibliothèque de 1'] Arsenal, MS. 3430; B. Mun. Bordeaux, MS. 728; Bibliothèque publique et universitairede Genève, MS. fr. 83;Burgerbibliothek Bern, MS. 560; B[ibliotheca apostolica] V[aticana], MSS Reg. 725 (a fragment), Reg. 829; John Rylands Library, MS. fr. 57. The compendium sur vives in two versions, the first of which, written in 1459, is less well developed but contains more material than the second, which was put together soon after 1461. The versions do not vary in their treatment of the English claims in France.</p></fn><fn id="fn59" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p><italic>Apres la destruction de Troye la grant</italic>, B.N., MS. fr. 5059, fos. 41<sup>r</sup>-55<sup>v</sup>. Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.N., MSS fr. 10139, 19561; B[ibliothèque] Ste-Geneviève, MS. 1994; B.M., Harley MS. 4473. A commentary is given by <citation id="ref045" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Bossuat</surname></name>, ‘<article-title>Les Origines Troyennes</article-title>’, <source>op. cit.</source>, pp. <fpage>195</fpage>–96. The compilation was put together probably about 1419.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn60" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref046" citation-type="other"><italic>Pour vraye congnoissance avoir</italic> (B.N., MS. fr. 25159), pp. <fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>38</lpage>. Another fifteenth-century copy survives in B.N., MS. fr. 15490. The genealogy was compiled in 1471.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn61" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>A toute la chevalerie de France</italic> (B.R., MS. 10306–7), fos i<sup>r</sup>-12<sup>r</sup>. Another fifteenth-century copy survives in B.N., MS. nouv. acq. fr. 12858 (fos 3<sup>r</sup>-14<sup>v</sup>, 50<sup>v</sup>-59<sup>v</sup>). A Latin version of the text exists with the incipit <italic>Regali ex progenie</italic>, B.N., MS. lat. 13062, fos 157<sup>r</sup>-164<sup>v</sup>; another fifteenth-century copy survives in Biblioteca Riccardiana, MS. 443. The Latin text was printed in <citation id="ref047" citation-type="book"><source>Veterum scriptorum … amplissima collectio</source>, ed. <name><surname>Martene</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name> and <name><surname>Durand</surname><given-names>U.</given-names></name>, <volume>ii</volume> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc></citation>, 1724), cols 1350–61, and in <citation id="ref048" citation-type="book"><source>Deliciae eruditorum</source>, ed. <name><surname>Lami</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name>, <volume>iii</volume> (<publisher-loc>Florence</publisher-loc>, 1737), pp. <fpage>17</fpage>–<lpage>36</lpage>.</citation> In common with those of the French versions of Jean de Montreuil's larger treatise, the MSS of the French version of this text display considerable variation. The Latin and French versions exist as independent essays at the same text; both were written probably about 1411.</p></fn><fn id="fn62" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref049" citation-type="book"><name><surname>La Barre</surname><given-names>Ed. N. de</given-names></name>, <source>Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de France et de Bourgogne</source>, <volume>i</volume> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, 1729), pp. <fpage>315</fpage>–22.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn63" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref050" citation-type="book"><source>Oeuvres de R. Blonde/</source>, ed. <name><surname>Heron</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name>, <volume>i</volume> (<publisher-name>Soc. de l'hist. de Normandie</publisher-name>, <year>1891</year>), pp. <fpage>155</fpage>–<lpage>294</lpage>.</citation> This treatise was written in 1449; a French translation was made in 1460 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref050">ibid.</xref>, pp. 295–486).</p></fn><fn id="fn64" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p>Three versions of this treatise may with some difficulty be distinguished: (<bold>I</bold>) the ‘Precursory text’ (B.N., MS. fr. 23281). Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.N., MS. nouv. acq. fr. 11198 (fos 32<sup>r</sup>-40<sup>r</sup>: fragments which correspond with fos 4<sup>V</sup>-5<sup>V</sup>, 16<sup>v</sup>-17<sup>v</sup>, 13<sup>v</sup>-14<sup>v</sup>, 25<sup>v</sup>-26<sup>v</sup>, 20<sup>v</sup>-21<sup>v</sup>, 11<sup>r</sup>-12<sup>r</sup>, 23<sup>v</sup>-24<sup>v</sup>, 24<sup>v</sup>-25<sup>v</sup>, 28<sup>r-v</sup> of MS. fr. 23281); MS. nouv. acq. fr. 12858 (garbled with the text of <italic>A toute le chevalerie de France</italic> and with fragments, some variant of material appearing in the text proper: the text reads through in the order fos 59<sup>v</sup>-62<sup>v</sup>, 28<sup>v</sup>-50<sup>v</sup>, 14<sup>v</sup>-28<sup>v</sup>, 62<sup>v</sup>, 68<sup>v</sup>-69<sup>r</sup>). (<bold>II</bold>) the ‘Latin text’ (B.N., MS. lat. 18337), fos 1<sup>v</sup>-21<sup>r</sup>. Another fifteenth-century copy survives in B.N., MS. lat. 10920. (<bold>III</bold>) the ‘French text’ (B.N., MS. fr. 4983), fos. 78<sup>r</sup>-94<sup>v</sup>. Another fifteenth-century copy survives in B.V., MS. Reg. 894. This text was printed in <citation id="ref051" citation-type="book"><source>La Cronique martinienne</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, 1502?),</citation> fos 254<sup>v</sup>-267<sup>r</sup>. An abbreviation of the latter texts survives in Latin in B.L., Bodley MS. 885, and in French in B.M., Cotton MS. Tiberius B.xii; Harley MSS 861, 4763; with additional later material in B.M., Sloane MS. 960; and in a different and later version in B.N., MS. fr. 833 (printed as <citation id="ref052" citation-type="book">La Genealogie des roys de France depuis sainct Loys jusques à Charles VII et l'extinction du faux droit et musie querelle pretenduz sur le royaume de France par les Anglois, ed. <name><surname>Chesne</surname><given-names>A. Du</given-names></name>, <source>Les Oeuvres de maistre Alain Chartier</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, 1617), pp. <fpage>253</fpage>–59).</citation> Other fragments of material by Jean de Montreuil are to be found in B.N., MS. lat. 18337; B.R., MS. 10306–7; B.V., MS. Reg. 894. The problem of the composition of this treatise is far more complicated than it appeared to <citation id="ref053" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Thomas</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, pp. <fpage>16</fpage>–<lpage>29</lpage>.</citation> Versions of the ‘Precursory text’ may have been written as early as the later 1390's, refurbished about 1402–3 and added to later. The ‘French text’ is a reworking, avowedly in the autumn of 1416, of this material; the surviving copies, though close to each other, vary in the degree to which they derive from it directly. The ‘Latin text’, an independent version close to the ‘French text’, was written avowedly in 1415.</p></fn><fn id="fn65" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>(B.N., MS. fr. 17512.) Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.N., MS. fr. 2701; MS. Dupuy 310; B. Arsenal, MS. 3731; the copy in B. Mun. Arras, MS. 740, was destroyed in 1915. A resume is given by <citation id="ref054" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Péchenard</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, pp. <fpage>225</fpage>–36.</citation> The treatise was compiled in 1444.</p></fn><fn id="fn66" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>(B.N., MS. fr. 5056, fos 1<sup>r</sup>-30<sup>r</sup>.) Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.N., MSS fr. 5058, 12788; nouv. acq. fr. 6214, 20962; Bibliotheque Mazarine, MS. 2031; B. Arsenal, MS. 3434; B.R., MSS 9469–70, 12192–94; Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, MS. 3392; B.V., MS. Reg. 1933; Biblioteca reale di Torino, MS. L II 36; B.M., Add MS. 36541. For sixteenth-century printed editions see <citation id="ref055" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Potter</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, p. <fpage>249</fpage></citation>, n. 3. The treatise was also printed in <citation id="ref056" citation-type="book"><source>Mantissa codicis juris gentium diplomatici</source>, ed. <name><surname>Leibniz</surname><given-names>G. W.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Hanover</publisher-loc>, 1700), pp. <fpage>63</fpage>–<lpage>97</lpage></citation>, and in <citation id="ref057" citation-type="book"><source>Pretensions des Anglois a la couronne de France</source>, ed. <name><surname>Anstruther</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name> (<publisher-name>Roxburghe Club</publisher-name>, <year>1847</year>). The treatise was written in 1464.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn67" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>For the problem of the origin of the use of the Salic law in the debate between England and France see <citation id="ref058" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Viollet</surname><given-names>P.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>Comment les femmes ont ete exclues, en France, de la succession à la couronne</article-title>’, <source>Memoires de I'Acade'mie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres</source>, <volume>xxxiv</volume>. <issue>2</issue> (<year>1895</year>), pp. <fpage>125</fpage>–78</citation>; <citation id="ref059" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Giesey</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name>, ‘<article-title>The Juristic Basis of Dynastic Right to the French Throne</article-title>’, <source>Transactions of the American Philosophical Society</source>, New Ser., <volume>li</volume> (<year>1961</year>), part <issue>5</issue>, pp. <fpage>17</fpage>–<lpage>20</lpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn68" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>Two of the surviving MSS of his ‘Precursory text’ have the words ‘in regno’ inserted into a version of the Salic clause accompanied by a fully explanatory French gloss, ‘qui exclut et forclot femmes de tout en tout de povoir succeder a la couronne de France, comme icelle loy et decret die absolument que femme nait quelconque portion ou royaume’ (B.N., MS. fr. 23281, fo. 4<sup>v</sup>; MS. nouv. acq. fr. 11198, fo. 32<sup>r</sup>). The third surviving MS. has a different version of the clause in which the words ‘in regno’ are omitted but which is followed by an identical gloss, reinforced with the words ‘cest a entendre a la couronne de France’ (B.N., MS. nouv. acq. fr. 12858, fo. 29<sup>r</sup>). The ‘Latin’ and ‘French’ texts follow the second reading of the Salic law, the ‘French text’ with the gloss slightly abbreviated (fo. 80<sup>r</sup>; <citation id="ref060" citation-type="journal"><source>La Cronique martinienne, op. cit.</source>, fo. 257<sup>v</sup>), the ‘Latin text’ without a gloss.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn69" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fo. IIr.</p></fn><fn id="fn70" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><italic>Audite celi que loquor</italic>, fo. 38<sup>r</sup>; <italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fos 12<sup>v</sup>-13<sup>r</sup>, 32<sup>v</sup>-33<sup>r</sup>; <citation id="ref061" citation-type="book"><source>Joannes de Terra Rubea contra rebelles suorum regum</source>, ed. <name><surname>Bonaud</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Lyons</publisher-loc>, 1526), fo. 15r.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn71" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>Audite cell que loquor</italic>, fos 36<sup>r</sup>-37<sup>r</sup>; <italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fos 33<sup>v</sup>-41<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn72" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>Fos. 13r, 21<sup>v</sup>-22<sup>r</sup>; <citation id="ref062" citation-type="other">ed. <name><surname>Anstruther</surname></name>, pp. <fpage>50</fpage>, <fpage>84</fpage>–<lpage>86</lpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn73" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref063" citation-type="other">Ed. <name><surname>Riley</surname><given-names>H. T.</given-names></name> (R.S., <year>1876</year>), pp. <fpage>3</fpage>–<lpage>5</lpage>.</citation> For the dating of the text see <citation id="ref064" citation-type="book"><source>The St Albans Chronicle, 1406–1420</source>, ed. <name><surname>Galbraith</surname><given-names>V. H.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>, <year>1937</year>), p. <fpage>lx</fpage>, n. 6.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn74" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref065" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Kingsford</surname><given-names>C. L.</given-names></name>, <source>English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century</source> (<publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>, <year>1913</year>), p. <fpage>53</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn75" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p>The commentary by <citation id="ref066" citation-type="other"><name><surname>de Rinel</surname><given-names>Jean</given-names></name>, <italic>secrétaire du roi</italic> to Henry VI, written in 1435 against the French view of the treaty of Troyes</citation> (B.M., Harley MS. 4763, fos 196<sup>v</sup>-199<sup>v</sup> another fifteenth-century copy survives in B.M., Cotton MS. Tiberius B.xii), has the air more of a private official memorandum than propaganda; of the same kind may have been the ‘learned treatise in confutation of the <italic>Salique law</italic>, to prove the right of the kings of England to the crown of France’, allegedly written by Thomas Beckington as dean of the Arches (<citation id="ref067" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Collinson</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, <source>The History and Antiquities of the County of Somerset</source>, <volume>iii</volume> (<publisher-loc>Bath</publisher-loc>, <year>1791</year>), p. <fpage>384</fpage></citation>), which does not appear to survive. But see <citation id="ref068" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Bossuat</surname></name>, ‘<article-title>La littérature de propagande au xv<sup>e</sup> siècle</article-title>’, <source>op. cit.</source></citation></p></fn><fn id="fn76" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>(B.M., Royal MS. 18 B.xxii.) The treatise was printed in <citation id="ref069" citation-type="book"><source>The Boke of Noblesse</source>, ed. <name><surname>Nichols</surname><given-names>J. G.</given-names></name> (<publisher-name>Roxburghe Club</publisher-name>, <year>1860</year>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn77" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>Lambeth Palace Library, MS. 506. The collection was printed partially in <citation id="ref070" citation-type="book"><source>Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Wars of the English in France</source>, ed. <name><surname>Stevenson</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name>, <volume>ii</volume>. 2 (R.S., <year>1864</year>), pp. [<fpage>521</fpage>]-[<fpage>607</fpage>].</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn78" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref071" citation-type="book"><name><surname>McFarlane</surname><given-names>K. B.</given-names></name>, ‘William Worcester: A Preliminary Survey’, <source>Studies presented to Sir Hilary Jenkinson</source>, ed. <name><surname>Davies</surname><given-names>J. Conway</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>, <year>1957</year>), pp. <fpage>210</fpage>–14.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn79" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>B.M., Add. MS. 10099, fos 205<sup>r</sup>-210<sup>v</sup>. Other fifteenth-century copies survive in B.M., Harley MSS 116 and 326.</p></fn><fn id="fn80" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p>The eagerness with which copies were made in the early-seventeenth century (B.M., Lansdowne MS. 223; B.L., Bodley MSS 710 and 875; Cam bridge University Library, MS. Ee.II.io; Lambeth Palace Library, MS. 713; Canterbury Cathedral Library, MS. C.19; Holkham Hall Library, MS. 683) of a translation of a collection of fifteenth-century diplomatic documents (B.L., Bodley MS. 885) then in the possession of Sir Peter Manwood em phasizes the shortage of material on the English side.</p></fn><fn id="fn81" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>William Worcester, for instance, made effective use of the record of the homages taken in Aquitaine in 1363–64 (<citation id="ref072" citation-type="book"><source>The boke of noblesse</source>, fos 18<sup>v</sup>-19<sup>v</sup>; ed. <name><surname>Nichols</surname></name>, pp. <fpage>37</fpage>–<lpage>38</lpage>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn82" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fo. iv.</p></fn><fn id="fn83" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p><citation id="ref073" citation-type="journal"><article-title>La Cronique martinienne</article-title>, <source>op. cit.</source>, fo. 255<sup>r</sup>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn84" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><citation id="ref074" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Cuttino</surname><given-names>G. P.</given-names></name>, <source>English Diplomatic Administration, 1259–1339</source> (<publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>, <year>1940</year>), pp. <fpage>19</fpage>–<lpage>83</lpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn85" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><citation id="ref075" citation-type="book"><source>The Anglo-French Negotiations at Bruges, 1374–1377</source>, ed. <name><surname>Perroy</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name> (<italic>Camden Miscellany xix</italic>; Camden Third Series, lxxx, <year>1952</year>), pp. <fpage>vii</fpage>–viii.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn86" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>Such collections survive as B.N., MSS fr. 2699, 15490 (fos 27<sup>r</sup>-135<sup>v</sup>; fos 43–135 are misbound: they should be read in the order fos 43–66, 123–135, 109–22, 67–108; some leaves are missing);MSS nouv. acq. fr. 6215, 6224; MS. Dupuy 306; B.R., MS. 10306–7.</p></fn><fn id="fn87" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>See below.</p></fn><fn id="fn88" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>According to a contemporary annotator of B. Arsenal, MS. 3731, p. 77, after the taking of Fougerès ‘charga le roy ledit Je[han] Juvenel des Urssins, lequel a fait ce prese[n]t traictie, de fere aucuns advertissemens pour savoir se il pourroit licitement fere guerre, non obstant les treves; lequel vint a Paris et vit la teneur des treves et envoya au roy environ dix articles pour monstrer clerement que licitement il pourroit fere guerre, se quil a fait, et quil ne devoit actendre a paix’.</p></fn><fn id="fn89" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>B.N., MS. fr. 4054, fos 241<sup>r</sup>-243<sup>r</sup></p></fn><fn id="fn90" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>B.N., MS. nouv. acq. 6215, fos 32<sup>r</sup>-43<sup>v</sup>. Other fifteenth-century copies of the mémoire survive in B.N., MS. fr. 15490; MS. Dupuy 306; B. Arsenal, MS. 2450; B.R., MS. 10306–7. It seems to have been fairly widely cir culated: it was known, for instance, at St-Victor (B.N., MS. lat. 14663, fo. 277<sup>r</sup>).</p></fn><fn id="fn91" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>Readily available in the <citation id="ref076" citation-type="book"><name><surname>chroniques</surname><given-names>Grandes</given-names></name> (<source>Chronique des règrtes de Jean II et de Charles V</source>, ed. <name><surname>Delachenal</surname><given-names>R.</given-names></name>, <volume>ii</volume> (<publisher-loc>S.H.F.</publisher-loc>, <year>1916</year>), pp. <fpage>76</fpage>–<lpage>116</lpage>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn92" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>See above, p. 17, n. 1.</p></fn><fn id="fn93" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p>These occupied nearly a half (fos 44<sup>r</sup>-73<sup>v</sup>) of his text.</p></fn><fn id="fn94" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p><italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fo. I<sup>v</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn95" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p><citation id="ref077" citation-type="journal">‘<article-title>French text</article-title>’, <source>La Cronique martinienne, op. cit.</source>, fo. 261<sup>v</sup>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn96" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>Probably from a copy of the ‘Precursory text’: <italic>Audite celi que loquor</italic>, fos 41<sup>v</sup>-42<sup>r</sup>; <italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fos 24<sup>v</sup>-25<sup>r</sup>.</p></fn><fn id="fn97" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>The author of <italic>Apres la destruction de Troye la grant</italic> drew upon his text extensively.</p></fn><fn id="fn98" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>The author of <italic>Pourceque pluseurs</italic> (fos 7<sup>v</sup>-8<sup>r</sup>; <citation id="ref078" citation-type="other">ed. <name><surname>Anstruther</surname></name>, p. <fpage>30</fpage></citation>) seems, for instance, to have derived his story of the bastardy of Philippa of Clarence from one of Sir John Fortescue's tracts on the Yorkist claim (<citation id="ref079" citation-type="book"><source>The Works of Sir John Fortescue</source>, ed. <name><surname>Clermont</surname><given-names>Lord</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>, <year>1869</year>), pp. <fpage>499</fpage>, <fpage>517</fpage></citation>; <citation id="ref080" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Fortescue</surname><given-names>J.</given-names><prefix>Sir</prefix></name>, <source>The Governance of England</source>, ed. <name><surname>Plummer</surname><given-names>C.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc>, <year>1885</year>), p. <fpage>354</fpage>).</citation> In 1468 Fortescue delivered to Guillaume Juvenel des Ursins as chancellor of France ‘ung grant memoire declaratif des drois que le roy Edouart pretend a la couronne Dangleterre et apres a la couronne de France, et par lequel, en oultre, il monstre que ledit roy Edouart ne peult aucune chose reclamer es dictes couronnes de France et Dangleterre et quil ny a aucun droit par les moyens quil recite et declaire ou dit memoire; lequel est en forme de livre [et] est devers monsr le chancellier’ (B.N., MS. fr. 6964, fo. 27<sup>r</sup>; printed by <citation id="ref081" citation-type="book"><name><surname>Calmette</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name> et <name><surname>Périnelle</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name>, <source>Louis XI et I'Angleterre (1461–1483)</source> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1930</year>), p. <fpage>303</fpage>).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn99" symbol="4"><label><sup>4</sup></label><p><italic>The boke of noblesse</italic>, fo. II<sup>v</sup>; <citation id="ref082" citation-type="other">ed. <name><surname>Nichols</surname></name>, p. <fpage>24</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn100" symbol="5"><label><sup>5</sup></label><p>B.M., Cotton MS. Julius F.vii; Royal MS. 13 C.i; College of Arms Library, Arundel MS. 48.</p></fn><fn id="fn101" symbol="6"><label><sup>6</sup></label><p><citation id="ref083" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Viollet</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, p. <fpage>174</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn102" symbol="7"><label><sup>7</sup></label><p>This particular copy was ‘a Saint Savin, qui est une abbaye entre Le Blanc et Chauvigny’ (<italic>Traictie compendieux</italic>, fo. 3<sup>v</sup>). Geoffroy Vassal archbishop of Vienne, drew the attention of Regnaud de Chartres and Christophe d'Harcourt to a copy ‘ou monastere ou abbaye de Savigny en Poictou’ which they thought to translate for Charles VII; and Gerard Machet knew of a copy in St-Rémy de Reims (Mirouer historial abregie, B.L., Bodley MS. 968, fo. 41<sup>r-v</sup>). Jean de Montreuil (‘Precursory text’, variant in B.N., MS. nouv. acq. fr. 12858, fo. 64<sup>v</sup>) and the author of <citation id="ref084" citation-type="other"><italic>Pour vraye congnoissance avoir</italic> (p. <fpage>36</fpage>)</citation>, perhaps following him, gave reference to a copy in ‘tresanciens livres de Saint Denis’. The annotator of a fragment by Jean de Montreuil had seen ‘ycelle loy en un ancien livre’ and had discussed it possibly with Jean Chartier at St-Denis (B.R., MS. 10306–7, fo. 12<sup>v</sup>; cf. <citation id="ref085" citation-type="book"><source>Chronique de Richard Lescot</source>, ed. <name><surname>Lemoine</surname><given-names>J.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>S.H.F.</publisher-loc>, <year>1896</year>), pp. <fpage>xiv</fpage>–xv).</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn103" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p>One example from many will perhaps suffice: Charles, count of Valois, he recorded, married as his third wife Mahaut de St-Pol, by whom he had a first-born son, Louis, who died aged seven on 2 Nov. 1328, ‘comme il appert ou trente huitiesme feulliet du livre signe <italic>B</italic> estant en la … Chambre [des comptes] et pareillement ou commancement du … livre <italic>Noster</italic>. Neantmoins lepitaphe de sa sepulture estant aux Cordeliers a Paris, au pie de la sepulture de ladicte dame Mahault contesse de Valois sa mere, ou il gist, porte quil deceda ledit deuxieme jour de novembre Ian mil trois cens vingt neuf, qui est ung an subsequent' (pp. 12–13).</p></fn><fn id="fn104" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p><citation id="ref086" citation-type="journal"><name><surname>Potter</surname></name>, <source>op. cit.</source>, <fpage>249</fpage>, n. 3.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn105" symbol="3"><label><sup>3</sup></label><p>In the sixteenth century, B.N., MSS lat. 10921, fr. 17182; in the seventeenth century, B.N. MSS fr. 7079, 7144, 17969, 19001, 23364, nouv. acq. fr. 7006, Dupuy 105; B. Ste-Genevieve, MS. 794; B. Mun. Charolles, MS. 5; B. Mun. Besancon, MS. Chiflet 74; B.M., Add. MS. 30664; in the eighteenth century, B.N., MS. nouv. acq. fr. 741; B.M., Add. MS. 12192, to give only a few examples.</p></fn><fn id="fn106" symbol="1"><label><sup>1</sup></label><p><citation id="ref087" citation-type="book"><source>Olivier Basselin et le Vau de Vire</source>, ed. <name><surname>Gaste</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name> (<publisher-loc>Paris</publisher-loc>, <year>1887</year>), p. <fpage>105</fpage>.</citation></p></fn><fn id="fn107" symbol="2"><label><sup>2</sup></label><p>‘Les … Angloiz norent onques se plainement la duchie de Guienne ne la conte de Pontieu’, wrote Jean de Montreuil, ‘quilz neussent suspecon que les gens et habitans des pays neussent le cuer au roy de France, comme tressouvent ilz leur reprouchoient, disans que tousjours avoient ilz la fleur de Hz ou ventre …’ (‘Precursory text’, fo. 11<sup>v</sup>).</p></fn></fn-group></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>War Propaganda and Historiography in Fifteenth-Century France and England</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lewis</namePart><affiliation>All Souls College, Oxford</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cambridge, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1965-12</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1965</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract type="text-abstract">At its lowest and most popular, verity concerning the war between England and France in the fifteenth century was slipped into the minds of its recipients by such itinerant chansonniers as the one who, according to Louis XI, ‘se soit mis a aller par nostre royaume pour chanter et recorder chancons, dictez et records touchant les bonnes novelles et advantures qui nous sont survenues et surviennent chacun jour au bien de nous et de nostre seigneurie’; it could be found obfuscated in the mysteries of semi-heraldic prophecy, to which even so respectable a figure as Christine de Pisan in her old age contributed; its sediment settled in commonplace note-taking on both sides of the Channel.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Transactions of the Royal Historical Society</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0080-4401</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1474-0648</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">RHT</identifier><part><date>1965</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1</start><end>21</end><total>21</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">3BB34E253907C4053AFD6362ED2125D4D9086CFE</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-GG38DSN4-R</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.2307/3678814</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0080440100004990</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">00499</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1965</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright © Royal Historical Society 1965</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-GG38DSN4-R/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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