On loops
Identifieur interne : 000525 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000524; suivant : 000526On loops
Auteurs : Christine Mooshammer ; Philip Hoole ; Barbara KühnertSource :
- Journal of Phonetics [ 0095-4470 ] ; 1995.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Acoustical society, Aerodynamic forces, Articulation, Articulation data, Articulation material, Articulatory, Articulatory data, Assimilation experiment, Audio signal, Closure, Closure phase, Complete model, Consonant, Consonantal articulation, Consonantal closure, Constriction, Constriction size, Data points, Different picture, Electromagnetic, Electromagnetic articulography, Elliptical, Elliptical movement, Elliptical patterns, Elliptical trajectories, Ensemble averages, Euclidean, Euclidean distance, Euclidean distance measurements, Fiir, Final vowel, First part, Fleshpoint data, Fricative, German subjects, Hard palate, High front vowel, Honda kaburagi, Hoole, Horizontal component, Horizontal displacement, Horizontal velocity, Instituts fiir phonetik, Kent moll, Kinematic criterion, Kinematic data, Kommunikation, Little movement, Main effects, Miinchen, Mooshammer, More movement, Movement data, Movement paths, Movement pattern, Movement patterns, Muscular activity, Nonsense words, Normal speech, Opening movements, Opposite direction, Other consonants, Other hand, Palate, Palate traces, Philip hoole, Phonetic, Phonetic context, Phonetic contexts, Phonetik, Posteriori comparisons, Present investigation, Quantitative analysis, Rear coil, Rear tongue coil, Rear tongue transducer, Robust features, Rotational misalignment, Second vowel, Sensor coils, Significant differences, Similar patterns, Soft palate, Soft palates, Speech production, Sprachliche, Sprachliche kommunikation, Statistical analysis, Statistical tests, Tense vowels, Tongue movement, Tongue position, Tongue transducers, Trajectory, Transmitter coils, Universitiit miinchen fipkm, Upper incisors, Velar, Velar consonants, Velar fricative, Vertical axis, Vertical movement components, Vocal tract, Vowel, Vowel context, Vowel context effects, Vowel contexts, Wide range.
Abstract
Abstract: Velar consonants are known to often show forward movement of thetongue during occlusion, resulting in elliptical trajectories in VCV sequences. To improve understanding of the influences underlying this pattern, lingual movement was analyzed by varying vowel context and manner of articulation. Therefore, two German subjects were recorded by means of Electromagnetic Articulography. The first part of the material consisted of /bV1gV2/ sequences with all combinations of the tense stressed vowels [i,u,a] in the second part, the intervocalic consonant was /k,g,η,x/, the initial vowels [i, u, a], and the final vowel the low schwa [∀].In vowel contexts exclusively involving back vowels the expected elliptical patterns were found; thus the tongue may well continue moving away from V2 even after the end of consonantal closure. Contexts involving [i] showed an asymmetry. With V1 = [i] elliptical movement was suppressed, with V2 = [i] it was enhanced. Regarding manner of articulation, the amount of forward movement ordered similarly to the amount of tongue raising for the consonant ([k]>[g]>[η]>[x]). In parallel with the vowel context effects, this manner of articulation effect was suppressed when V, was a high front vowel. These results indicate firstly that, for German, forward movement of the tongue is not connected with enhancing voicing in voiced stops, and secondly that it can be no more than partially due to air pressure. The present results are compared with those obtained for velar consonants in further systematically varied phonetic contexts employed both by ourselves and others. The overall conclusion is that elliptical trajectories are the robust effect of several fairly weak factors acting in combination. The required ingredients for a complete model of articulator movement are discussed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80029-8
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:A43F4151A1EA966B834646C784C706E3130B4F76Le document en format XML
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Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoole, Philip" sort="Hoole, Philip" uniqKey="Hoole P" first="Philip" last="Hoole">Philip Hoole</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuhnert, Barbara" sort="Kuhnert, Barbara" uniqKey="Kuhnert B" first="Barbara" last="Kühnert">Barbara Kühnert</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Phonetics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YJPHO</title><idno 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points</term><term>Different picture</term><term>Electromagnetic</term><term>Electromagnetic articulography</term><term>Elliptical</term><term>Elliptical movement</term><term>Elliptical patterns</term><term>Elliptical trajectories</term><term>Ensemble averages</term><term>Euclidean</term><term>Euclidean distance</term><term>Euclidean distance measurements</term><term>Fiir</term><term>Final vowel</term><term>First part</term><term>Fleshpoint data</term><term>Fricative</term><term>German subjects</term><term>Hard palate</term><term>High front vowel</term><term>Honda kaburagi</term><term>Hoole</term><term>Horizontal component</term><term>Horizontal displacement</term><term>Horizontal velocity</term><term>Instituts fiir phonetik</term><term>Kent moll</term><term>Kinematic criterion</term><term>Kinematic data</term><term>Kommunikation</term><term>Little movement</term><term>Main effects</term><term>Miinchen</term><term>Mooshammer</term><term>More movement</term><term>Movement data</term><term>Movement paths</term><term>Movement pattern</term><term>Movement patterns</term><term>Muscular activity</term><term>Nonsense words</term><term>Normal speech</term><term>Opening movements</term><term>Opposite direction</term><term>Other consonants</term><term>Other hand</term><term>Palate</term><term>Palate traces</term><term>Philip hoole</term><term>Phonetic</term><term>Phonetic context</term><term>Phonetic contexts</term><term>Phonetik</term><term>Posteriori comparisons</term><term>Present investigation</term><term>Quantitative analysis</term><term>Rear coil</term><term>Rear tongue coil</term><term>Rear tongue transducer</term><term>Robust features</term><term>Rotational misalignment</term><term>Second vowel</term><term>Sensor coils</term><term>Significant differences</term><term>Similar patterns</term><term>Soft palate</term><term>Soft palates</term><term>Speech production</term><term>Sprachliche</term><term>Sprachliche kommunikation</term><term>Statistical analysis</term><term>Statistical tests</term><term>Tense vowels</term><term>Tongue movement</term><term>Tongue position</term><term>Tongue transducers</term><term>Trajectory</term><term>Transmitter coils</term><term>Universitiit miinchen fipkm</term><term>Upper incisors</term><term>Velar</term><term>Velar consonants</term><term>Velar fricative</term><term>Vertical axis</term><term>Vertical movement components</term><term>Vocal tract</term><term>Vowel</term><term>Vowel context</term><term>Vowel context effects</term><term>Vowel contexts</term><term>Wide range</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Velar consonants are known to often show forward movement of thetongue during occlusion, resulting in elliptical trajectories in VCV sequences. To improve understanding of the influences underlying this pattern, lingual movement was analyzed by varying vowel context and manner of articulation. Therefore, two German subjects were recorded by means of Electromagnetic Articulography. The first part of the material consisted of /bV1gV2/ sequences with all combinations of the tense stressed vowels [i,u,a] in the second part, the intervocalic consonant was /k,g,η,x/, the initial vowels [i, u, a], and the final vowel the low schwa [∀].In vowel contexts exclusively involving back vowels the expected elliptical patterns were found; thus the tongue may well continue moving away from V2 even after the end of consonantal closure. Contexts involving [i] showed an asymmetry. With V1 = [i] elliptical movement was suppressed, with V2 = [i] it was enhanced. Regarding manner of articulation, the amount of forward movement ordered similarly to the amount of tongue raising for the consonant ([k]>[g]>[η]>[x]). In parallel with the vowel context effects, this manner of articulation effect was suppressed when V, was a high front vowel. These results indicate firstly that, for German, forward movement of the tongue is not connected with enhancing voicing in voiced stops, and secondly that it can be no more than partially due to air pressure. The present results are compared with those obtained for velar consonants in further systematically varied phonetic contexts employed both by ourselves and others. The overall conclusion is that elliptical trajectories are the robust effect of several fairly weak factors acting in combination. The required ingredients for a complete model of articulator movement are discussed.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>velar</json:string><json:string>closure</json:string><json:string>fricative</json:string><json:string>consonantal closure</json:string><json:string>articulation</json:string><json:string>articulatory</json:string><json:string>velar consonants</json:string><json:string>mooshammer</json:string><json:string>euclidean</json:string><json:string>rear tongue transducer</json:string><json:string>hoole</json:string><json:string>sprachliche kommunikation</json:string><json:string>electromagnetic</json:string><json:string>fiir</json:string><json:string>phonetik</json:string><json:string>movement patterns</json:string><json:string>sprachliche</json:string><json:string>kommunikation</json:string><json:string>miinchen</json:string><json:string>vocal tract</json:string><json:string>vowel context</json:string><json:string>ensemble 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Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Philip Hoole</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Barbara Kühnert</name><affiliations><json:string>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>95800298</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Abstract: Velar consonants are known to often show forward movement of thetongue during occlusion, resulting in elliptical trajectories in VCV sequences. To improve understanding of the influences underlying this pattern, lingual movement was analyzed by varying vowel context and manner of articulation. Therefore, two German subjects were recorded by means of Electromagnetic Articulography. The first part of the material consisted of /bV1gV2/ sequences with all combinations of the tense stressed vowels [i,u,a] in the second part, the intervocalic consonant was /k,g,η,x/, the initial vowels [i, u, a], and the final vowel the low schwa [∀].In vowel contexts exclusively involving back vowels the expected elliptical patterns were found; thus the tongue may well continue moving away from V2 even after the end of consonantal closure. Contexts involving [i] showed an asymmetry. With V1 = [i] elliptical movement was suppressed, with V2 = [i] it was enhanced. Regarding manner of articulation, the amount of forward movement ordered similarly to the amount of tongue raising for the consonant ([k]>[g]>[η]>[x]). In parallel with the vowel context effects, this manner of articulation effect was suppressed when V, was a high front vowel. These results indicate firstly that, for German, forward movement of the tongue is not connected with enhancing voicing in voiced stops, and secondly that it can be no more than partially due to air pressure. The present results are compared with those obtained for velar consonants in further systematically varied phonetic contexts employed both by ourselves and others. The overall conclusion is that elliptical trajectories are the robust effect of several fairly weak factors acting in combination. The required ingredients for a complete model of articulator movement are discussed.</abstract><qualityIndicators><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>276</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>1831</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>7774</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>44724</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>19</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>504 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize></qualityIndicators><title>On loops</title><pii><json:string>S0095-4470(95)80029-8</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><serie><title>Proceedings of the IEEE</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><volume>64</volume><pages><first>452</first><last>4611</last></pages></serie><host><title>Journal of Phonetics</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1995</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0095-4470</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0095-4470(95)X0028-6</json:string></pii><volume>23</volume><issue>1–2</issue><pages><first>3</first><last>21</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1995</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>E S P R I T</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder><json:string>E S P R I T</json:string></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>Philip Hoole</json:string><json:string>Eric Vatikiotis-Bateson</json:string><json:string>Christian Kroos</json:string><json:string>Barbara Kiihnert</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Berlin</json:string><json:string>Germany</json:string><json:string>Munich</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Houde 1967</json:string><json:string>Coker, 1976</json:string><json:string>Perkell et al., 1992</json:string><json:string>C. Mooshammer et al.</json:string><json:string>Munhall et al.</json:string><json:string>Houde, 1967</json:string><json:string>[1]</json:string><json:string>Kent & Moll, 1972</json:string><json:string>Hoole & Munhall, 1994</json:string><json:string>for details see Mooshammer & Hoole, 1993</json:string><json:string>Moll (1972)</json:string><json:string>Perkell, 1969</json:string><json:string>[0]</json:string><json:string>Perkeli, 1969</json:string><json:string>[9]</json:string><json:string>but see Houde, 1967</json:string><json:string>Honda & Kaburagi, 1993</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - social science</json:string><json:string>2 - linguistics</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix></scienceMetrix><scopus></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string><json:string>4 - vertebres: systeme nerveux et organes des sens</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1995</publicationDate><copyrightDate>1995</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80029-8</json:string></doi><id>A43F4151A1EA966B834646C784C706E3130B4F76</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">On loops</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©1995 Academic Press Limited</p></availability><date>1995</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">On loops</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Christine</forename><surname>Mooshammer</surname></persName><note type="biography">Also at: Forschungsschwerpunkt Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Jägerstr. 10/11,D-10117 Berlin,Germany.</note><affiliation>Also at: Forschungsschwerpunkt Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Jägerstr. 10/11,D-10117 Berlin,Germany.</affiliation><affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Philip</forename><surname>Hoole</surname></persName><affiliation>Address correspondence to: Philip Hoole,.Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich Germany.</affiliation><affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Barbara</forename><surname>Kühnert</surname></persName><affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">A43F4151A1EA966B834646C784C706E3130B4F76</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80029-8</idno><idno type="PII">S0095-4470(95)80029-8</idno><idno type="ArticleID">95800298</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Phonetics</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">YJPHO</title><idno type="pISSN">0095-4470</idno><idno type="PII">S0095-4470(95)X0028-6</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1995"></date><biblScope unit="volume">23</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="3">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="21">21</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1995</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abstract: Velar consonants are known to often show forward movement of thetongue during occlusion, resulting in elliptical trajectories in VCV sequences. To improve understanding of the influences underlying this pattern, lingual movement was analyzed by varying vowel context and manner of articulation. Therefore, two German subjects were recorded by means of Electromagnetic Articulography. The first part of the material consisted of /bV1gV2/ sequences with all combinations of the tense stressed vowels [i,u,a] in the second part, the intervocalic consonant was /k,g,η,x/, the initial vowels [i, u, a], and the final vowel the low schwa [∀].In vowel contexts exclusively involving back vowels the expected elliptical patterns were found; thus the tongue may well continue moving away from V2 even after the end of consonantal closure. Contexts involving [i] showed an asymmetry. With V1 = [i] elliptical movement was suppressed, with V2 = [i] it was enhanced. Regarding manner of articulation, the amount of forward movement ordered similarly to the amount of tongue raising for the consonant ([k]>[g]>[η]>[x]). In parallel with the vowel context effects, this manner of articulation effect was suppressed when V, was a high front vowel. These results indicate firstly that, for German, forward movement of the tongue is not connected with enhancing voicing in voiced stops, and secondly that it can be no more than partially due to air pressure. The present results are compared with those obtained for velar consonants in further systematically varied phonetic contexts employed both by ourselves and others. The overall conclusion is that elliptical trajectories are the robust effect of several fairly weak factors acting in combination. The required ingredients for a complete model of articulator movement are discussed.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1994-10-18">Modified</change><change when="1995">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>YJPHO</jid><aid>95800298</aid><ce:pii>S0095-4470(95)80029-8</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80029-8</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1995">Academic Press Limited</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>On loops</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Christine</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mooshammer</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="fn1"><ce:sup>*</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Philip</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hoole</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="cor1"><ce:sup>**</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Barbara</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kühnert</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="aff1"><ce:textfn>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="cor1"><ce:label>**</ce:label><ce:text>Address correspondence to: Philip Hoole,.Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich Germany.</ce:text></ce:correspondence><ce:footnote id="fn1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:note-para>Also at: Forschungsschwerpunkt Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Jägerstr. 10/11,D-10117 Berlin,Germany.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="2" month="2" year="1994"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="18" month="10" year="1994"></ce:date-revised><ce:abstract id="ab1" class="author" xml:lang="en"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Velar consonants are known to often show forward movement of thetongue during occlusion, resulting in elliptical trajectories in VCV sequences. To improve understanding of the influences underlying this pattern, lingual movement was analyzed by varying vowel context and manner of articulation. Therefore, two German subjects were recorded by means of Electromagnetic Articulography. The first part of the material consisted of /bV<ce:inf loc="post">1g</ce:inf>V<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>/ sequences with all combinations of the tense stressed vowels [i,u,a] in the second part, the intervocalic consonant was /k,g,η,x/, the initial vowels [i, u, a], and the final vowel the low schwa [∀].</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>In vowel contexts exclusively involving back vowels the expected elliptical patterns were found; thus the tongue may well continue moving away from V<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf> even after the end of consonantal closure. Contexts involving [i] showed an asymmetry. With V<ce:inf loc="post">1</ce:inf> = [i] elliptical movement was suppressed, with V<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf> = [i] it was enhanced. Regarding manner of articulation, the amount of forward movement ordered similarly to the amount of tongue raising for the consonant ([k]>[g]>[η]>[x]). In parallel with the vowel context effects, this manner of articulation effect was suppressed when V, was a high front vowel. These results indicate firstly that, for German, forward movement of the tongue is not connected with enhancing voicing in voiced stops, and secondly that it can be no more than partially due to air pressure. The present results are compared with those obtained for velar consonants in further systematically varied phonetic contexts employed both by ourselves and others. The overall conclusion is that elliptical trajectories are the robust effect of several fairly weak factors acting in combination. The required ingredients for a complete model of articulator movement are discussed.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head><tail><ce:bibliography><ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title><ce:bibliography-sec><ce:bib-reference id="bib1"><ce:label>Alfonso and Baer, 1982</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Alfonso</ce:surname><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name></sb:author><sb:author><ce:surname>Baer</ce:surname><ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Dynamics of vowel articulation</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Language and Speech</sb:maintitle></sb:title><sb:volume-nr>25</sb:volume-nr></sb:series><sb:date>1982</sb:date></sb:issue><sb:pages><sb:first-page>151</sb:first-page><sb:last-page>173</sb:last-page></sb:pages></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib2"><ce:label>Coker, 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Szeged</sb:name></sb:publisher></sb:edited-book></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference><ce:bib-reference id="bib22"><ce:label>Wilhelms-Tricarico, 1995</ce:label><sb:reference><sb:comment>(accepted)</sb:comment><sb:contribution langtype="en"><sb:authors><sb:author><ce:surname>Wilhelms-Tricarico</ce:surname><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name></sb:author></sb:authors><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Physiological modeling of speech production: methods for modeling of soft-tissue articulators</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:contribution><sb:host><sb:issue><sb:series><sb:title><sb:maintitle>Journal of the Acoustical Society of America</sb:maintitle></sb:title></sb:series><sb:date>1995</sb:date></sb:issue></sb:host></sb:reference></ce:bib-reference></ce:bibliography-sec></ce:bibliography></tail></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>On loops</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>On loops</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Christine</namePart><namePart type="family">Mooshammer</namePart><affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</affiliation><description>Also at: Forschungsschwerpunkt Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Jägerstr. 10/11,D-10117 Berlin,Germany.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Philip</namePart><namePart type="family">Hoole</namePart><affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</affiliation><description>Address correspondence to: Philip Hoole,.Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich Germany.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Barbara</namePart><namePart type="family">Kühnert</namePart><affiliation>Institut für Phonetik und Sprachliche Kommunikation, Ludwig-Maximilians-UniversitätMünchen, Schellingstraße 3, D-80799 Munich, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1995</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">1994-10-18</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1995</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Velar consonants are known to often show forward movement of thetongue during occlusion, resulting in elliptical trajectories in VCV sequences. To improve understanding of the influences underlying this pattern, lingual movement was analyzed by varying vowel context and manner of articulation. Therefore, two German subjects were recorded by means of Electromagnetic Articulography. The first part of the material consisted of /bV1gV2/ sequences with all combinations of the tense stressed vowels [i,u,a] in the second part, the intervocalic consonant was /k,g,η,x/, the initial vowels [i, u, a], and the final vowel the low schwa [∀].In vowel contexts exclusively involving back vowels the expected elliptical patterns were found; thus the tongue may well continue moving away from V2 even after the end of consonantal closure. Contexts involving [i] showed an asymmetry. With V1 = [i] elliptical movement was suppressed, with V2 = [i] it was enhanced. Regarding manner of articulation, the amount of forward movement ordered similarly to the amount of tongue raising for the consonant ([k]>[g]>[η]>[x]). In parallel with the vowel context effects, this manner of articulation effect was suppressed when V, was a high front vowel. These results indicate firstly that, for German, forward movement of the tongue is not connected with enhancing voicing in voiced stops, and secondly that it can be no more than partially due to air pressure. The present results are compared with those obtained for velar consonants in further systematically varied phonetic contexts employed both by ourselves and others. The overall conclusion is that elliptical trajectories are the robust effect of several fairly weak factors acting in combination. The required ingredients for a complete model of articulator movement are discussed.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Phonetics</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>YJPHO</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199501</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0095-4470</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0095-4470(95)X0028-6</identifier><part><date>199501</date><detail type="volume"><number>23</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1–2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>1</start><end>269</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>3</start><end>21</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A43F4151A1EA966B834646C784C706E3130B4F76</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0095-4470(95)80029-8</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0095-4470(95)80029-8</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">95800298</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1995 Academic Press Limited</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Academic Press Limited, ©1995</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-KMMV12KC-K/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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