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Some Aspects of the History of Chantries in the Later Middle Ages

Identifieur interne : 000053 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000052; suivant : 000054

Some Aspects of the History of Chantries in the Later Middle Ages

Auteurs : K. L. Wood-Legh

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:0D3008E9AAD3938EAB01EAB3E61A2D1986C33DEC

Abstract

Macaulay paid every schoolboy the compliment of attributing to him an omniscience which a man of learning might well envy; in what I am about to say this afternoon I fear that I may be going to the opposite extreme and expounding as new, facts with which some of my audience may have been familiar from their youth up. But if I make this mistake, I must plead in extenuation the way in which the medieval chantry has so far been treated. For, whilst almost every other aspect of medieval life has been studied as, at least to some extent, a European phenomenon, the chantry, though its prevalence throughout western Europe has been well known and its importance in the life of the later middle ages generally recognized, has been studied as a matter of local, or at most of national, history, and in many cases antiquarian or genealogical interests have been allowed to obscure the broader ecclesiastical and constitutional questions which it raises or helps to elucidate.

Url:
DOI: 10.2307/3678623

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:0D3008E9AAD3938EAB01EAB3E61A2D1986C33DEC

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<p>Macaulay paid every schoolboy the compliment of attributing to him an omniscience which a man of learning might well envy; in what I am about to say this afternoon I fear that I may be going to the opposite extreme and expounding as new, facts with which some of my audience may have been familiar from their youth up. But if I make this mistake, I must plead in extenuation the way in which the medieval chantry has so far been treated. For, whilst almost every other aspect of medieval life has been studied as, at least to some extent, a European phenomenon, the chantry, though its prevalence throughout western Europe has been well known and its importance in the life of the later middle ages generally recognized, has been studied as a matter of local, or at most of national, history, and in many cases antiquarian or genealogical interests have been allowed to obscure the broader ecclesiastical and constitutional questions which it raises or helps to elucidate.</p>
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<fn-group>
<fn id="fn01" symbol="page 47 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 47 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref001" citation-type="book">
<name>
<surname>Thompson</surname>
<given-names>A. Hamilton</given-names>
</name>
,
<source>English colleges of chantry priests</source>
,
<publisher-name>Ecclesiological Soc.</publisher-name>
,
<volume>viii</volume>
(New Series), part ii, p.
<fpage>92</fpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn02" symbol="page 48 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 48 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref002" citation-type="other">
<name>
<surname>Schultze</surname>
<given-names>Alfred</given-names>
</name>
, ‘Stadtgemein.de und Kirche im Mittelalter’,
<italic>Festgabe für Rudolph Sohm</italic>
(
<year>1914</year>
), p.
<fpage>113</fpage>
</citation>
;
<citation id="ref003" citation-type="other">
<name>
<surname>Kothe</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
,
<italic>Kirchliche Zustände Straszburgs im</italic>
<fpage>14</fpage>
</citation>
.
<italic>Jahrhundert</italic>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn03" symbol="page 48 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 48 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Trans. Thoroton Soc.</italic>
, 1904, p. 80.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn04" symbol="page 49 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 49 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref004" citation-type="journal">
<source>Cartulaire de l'eglise Notre-Dame de Paris</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Guérard</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
,
<volume>iii</volume>
,
<fpage>226</fpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn05" symbol="page 49 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 49 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref005" citation-type="journal">
<source>Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Boos</surname>
<given-names>Heinrich</given-names>
</name>
,
<volume>ii</volume>
,
<fpage>634</fpage>
</citation>
. ‘Wir wollen auch und seczen off dem selben priester, der da zu yederczit ist, dazer in allen sinen messen, die er sprechen und lesen sal als vorgeschriben stet, uber dem altar nach dem offertorio sich sal umbkeren gen dem volke und sal offenlichen mit bescheidenlichen worten dun ein gedechtnisse mit soszlichen worten: Lyeben kynt! helfient mir biden unsern herren got vor der erbern frauwen sele Else Moren, von der gude dise messe gestifft und gemacht ist, und vor altfordern selen und alle glaubigen sele, das sich got uber sie erbarme und yn gebe daz ewige leben und sprechent yn zu droste und zu helffe eyn ygliche mensche ein pater noster und ein ave Maria.’</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn06" symbol="page 49 note 3">
<label>
<sup>page 49 note 3</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref006" citation-type="book">
<source>Visitations and memorials of Southwell Minster</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Leach</surname>
<given-names>A. F.</given-names>
</name>
,
<publisher-name>Camden Soc.</publisher-name>
N.S.
<volume>xlviii</volume>
(
<year>1881</year>
),
<fpage>180</fpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn07" symbol="page 49 note 4">
<label>
<sup>page 49 note 4</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms</italic>
, ii, 355.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn08" symbol="page 49 note 5">
<label>
<sup>page 49 note 5</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref007" citation-type="book">
<source>Yorkshire chantry surveys</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Page</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
(
<publisher-name>Surtees Soc.</publisher-name>
,
<year>1892</year>
) i,
<fpage>175</fpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn09" symbol="page 50 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 50 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref008" citation-type="other">
<name>
<surname>Katz</surname>
<given-names>Emma</given-names>
</name>
,
<italic>Mittelalterliche Altarpfründen der Diozese Bremen in Gebiet westlich der Elbe</italic>
, pp.
<fpage>23</fpage>
, 24</citation>
; Georg Matthaei,
<italic>Die Vikariestiftungen der Luneburger Stadtkirchen im Mittelalter und im Zeitalter der Reformation</italic>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn10" symbol="page 50 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 50 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref009" citation-type="journal">
<source>Hessische Urkunden aus dem Grossherzoglich Hes⋅ischen Haus and Staats-Archive</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Baur</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
,
<volume>iii</volume>
,
<fpage>101</fpage>
</citation>
: ‘Preterea dicti manufideles ordinaverunt, quod magister Conradus, frater dicti quondam Johannis, idem beneficium habere debebit, cum vero morte eiusdem magistri Conradi vel alio quocumque modo vacauerit, tunc, Petrus, filius quondam Elizabeth, sororis dicti quondam Johannis, ipsum beneficium habere debebit, cum vero idem vacauerit, ex tune Johannes, filius Margarete, sororis prefati quondam Johannis, id idem beneficium debebit obtinere, postquam autem ipsum iterum vacauerit, ex tune Sieglo, filius Alheidis, similiter sororis quondam magistri Johannis prenotati, ipsum beneficium obtinere debebit, cum autem idem vacauerit, tunc Zeyssolffus, filius Sophie de Flersheim, prefati quondam Johannis cognatus, dictum beneficium habere debebit.’</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn11" symbol="page 50 note 3">
<label>
<sup>page 50 note 3</sup>
</label>
<p>Associated
<citation id="ref010" citation-type="journal">
<collab>Architectural Societies</collab>
'
<source>Reports</source>
,
<volume>xxxvii</volume>
.
<fpage>59</fpage>
</citation>
;
<italic>Trans. Thoroton Soc.</italic>
, xvii. 70, 71.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn12" symbol="page 50 note 4">
<label>
<sup>page 50 note 4</sup>
</label>
<p>What seems the clearest example of this is the following passage from the will of William Cawod, canon of York and Ripon, dated February 1420. ‘Item volo quod d'ns Joh'es Schyrburne, capellanus mecum commorans, celebret pro anima mea et animabus omnium parentum et benefactorum meorum omniumque fidelium defunctorum in Ecclesia Ebor. si ibidem me mori contigerit, per quinquennium prox. post mortem meam, nisi eum interim promoueri contigerit, percipiendo annis singulis ipsius quinquennij centum solidos nomine stipendij sui annualis.’
<citation id="ref011" citation-type="book">
<source>Memorials of Ripon</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Fowler</surname>
<given-names>J. T.</given-names>
</name>
(
<publisher-name>Surtees Soc.</publisher-name>
),
<volume>iv</volume>
.
<fpage>191</fpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn13" symbol="page 51 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 51 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref012" citation-type="other">
<italic>Cartulaires de l'eglise de Terouane</italic>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Duchet</surname>
<given-names>Th.</given-names>
</name>
and
<name>
<surname>Giry</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
, pp.
<fpage>91</fpage>
–3</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn14" symbol="page 51 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 51 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Cartulaire de l'église Notre-Dame de Paris</italic>
, p. 104. ‘Item, voluit et precepit quod de omnibus conquestibus suis et de quinto hereditatis sue fundetur sive instituatur unum beneficium sive capellania in ecclesia Parisiensi, quam capellaniam sive beneficium sibi retinet et reservat, si, per Dei gratiam, ipsum Matheum contingat recuperare corpoream sanitatem; si vero Deus eum ad se vocare voluerit, ordinavit et voluit quod magister Stephanus de Castaneto, clericus noster, dictum beneficium seu capellaniam, habeat et optineat …’</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn15" symbol="page 52 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 52 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms</italic>
, ii, 195, 196.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn16" symbol="page 53 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 53 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref013" citation-type="book">
<source>Memorials of Ripon</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Fowler</surname>
<given-names>J. T.</given-names>
</name>
(
<publisher-name>Surtees Soc.</publisher-name>
),
<volume>ii</volume>
.
<fpage>136</fpage>
–7</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn17" symbol="page 53 note 3">
<label>
<sup>page 53 note 3</sup>
</label>
<p>Extracts from the register of
<citation id="ref014" citation-type="other">
<name>
<surname>Bourchier</surname>
<given-names>Bishop</given-names>
</name>
, published in the
<italic>Ely Diocesan Remembrancer</italic>
,
<year>1902</year>
<year>1903</year>
, p.
<fpage>181</fpage>
</citation>
, and 1903–4, p. 20.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn18" symbol="page 53 note 4">
<label>
<sup>page 53 note 4</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref015" citation-type="other">‘Registrum subsidii clero Thuringiae anno 1506 imposito’, ed.
<name>
<surname>Stechele</surname>
<given-names>Ulrich</given-names>
<prefix>Dr</prefix>
</name>
(
<italic>Zeitschrift des Vereins fur Thüringische Geschichte und Altertumskunde</italic>
, N.F. 11,
<year>1882</year>
)</citation>
. ‘Vicaria noua sita in parrochia Sancti Andree in Rudolffstadt habet 18 Sexagen. apud Consulatum ibidem. Dni Iohannis Bleszers primi possessoris et fundatoris’ (p. 69). ‘Vicaria
<italic>noua</italic>
trium regum Sancti Andree et Elisabeth habet 12 florinos, D. Doctor Ioh. Schoner fundator et primus possessor’ (p. 12). Other examples
<italic>passim</italic>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn19" symbol="page 53 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 53 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref016" citation-type="journal">
<name>
<surname>Frölich</surname>
<given-names>Karl</given-names>
</name>
, ‘
<article-title>Die Rechtsformer der Mittelalterlichen Altarpfründen</article-title>
’,
<source>Zeitschrift der Savigny Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte</source>
,
<volume>LI</volume>
(
<issue>iii</issue>
) (
<year>1931</year>
), Kanonistische Abt., pp.
<fpage>457</fpage>
<lpage>544</lpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn20" symbol="page 53 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 53 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref016">Ibid.</xref>
, 503–8.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn21" symbol="page 53 note 3">
<label>
<sup>page 53 note 3</sup>
</label>
<p>
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref016">Ibid.</xref>
, 511–12.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn22" symbol="page 54 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 54 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref017" citation-type="journal">
<name>
<surname>Frölich</surname>
<given-names>Karl</given-names>
</name>
, ‘
<article-title>Die Rechtsformer der Mittelalterlichen Altarpfründen</article-title>
’,
<source>Zeitschrift der Savigny Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte</source>
,
<volume>LI</volume>
(
<issue>iii</issue>
) (
<year>1931</year>
), Kanonistische Abt., pp.
<fpage>511</fpage>
–12</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn23" symbol="page 54 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 54 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Calendar of the manuscripts of the dean and chapter of Wells</italic>
(Hist. MSS. Comm.), i. 378.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn24" symbol="page 55 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 55 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Cartulaire de l'eglise Notre-Dame de Paris</italic>
, iv. 115–17, 52–3.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn25" symbol="page 55 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 55 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref017">Ibid.</xref>
, iii. 123–4.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn26" symbol="page 56 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 56 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref018" citation-type="other">
<italic>The mediaeval records of a London City church (St. Mary at Hill)</italic>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Littlehales</surname>
<given-names>Henry</given-names>
</name>
(E.E.T.S.), pp.
<fpage>10</fpage>
<lpage>13</lpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn27" symbol="page 57 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 57 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref019" citation-type="other">
<name>
<surname>Schultze</surname>
<given-names>Alfred</given-names>
</name>
, ‘Stadtgemeinde und Kirche im Mittelalter’,
<italic>Festgabe für Rudolph Sohm</italic>
(
<year>1914</year>
), p.
<fpage>129</fpage>
sqq.</citation>
</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn28" symbol="page 58 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 58 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref020" citation-type="book">
<source>Oberrheinische Stadtrechte</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Merk</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
(
<publisher-name>Neuenburg am Rhein</publisher-name>
), Part 11, iii, pp.
<fpage>149</fpage>
–61</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn29" symbol="page 58 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 58 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref020">Ibid.</xref>
, pp. 162–3.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn30" symbol="page 59 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 59 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref021" citation-type="journal">
<source>Cartulaire de Notre-Dame-des-Ardents à Arras</source>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Cavrois</surname>
<given-names>Louis</given-names>
</name>
,
<volume>x</volume>
.
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>181</lpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn31" symbol="page 59 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 59 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref022" citation-type="journal">
<source>Cartulaire de l'église Notre-Dame de Paris</source>
ed.
<name>
<surname>Guerard</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
,
<volume>iii</volume>
.
<fpage>226</fpage>
–8</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn32" symbol="page 59 note 3">
<label>
<sup>page 59 note 3</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref023" citation-type="other">
<italic>Ricart's Kalendar</italic>
, ed.
<name>
<surname>Smith</surname>
<given-names>L. Toulmin</given-names>
</name>
, p.
<fpage>76</fpage>
</citation>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn33" symbol="page 60 note 1">
<label>
<sup>page 60 note 1</sup>
</label>
<p>
<italic>Statutes of the Realm</italic>
, i. 92.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="fn34" symbol="page 60 note 2">
<label>
<sup>page 60 note 2</sup>
</label>
<p>
<citation id="ref024" citation-type="other">
<name>
<surname>Schultze</surname>
<given-names>Alfred</given-names>
</name>
, ‘Stadtgemeinde und Kirche im Mittelalter’,
<italic>Feslgabe für Rudolph Sohm</italic>
(
<year>1914</year>
)</citation>
; Stadtgemeinde und Reformation (Recht und Staat in Geschichte und Gegenwart).</p>
</fn>
</fn-group>
</back>
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<title>Some Aspects of the History of Chantries in the Later Middle Ages</title>
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<title>Some Aspects of the History of Chantries in the Later Middle Ages</title>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1946-12</dateIssued>
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<abstract type="text-abstract">Macaulay paid every schoolboy the compliment of attributing to him an omniscience which a man of learning might well envy; in what I am about to say this afternoon I fear that I may be going to the opposite extreme and expounding as new, facts with which some of my audience may have been familiar from their youth up. But if I make this mistake, I must plead in extenuation the way in which the medieval chantry has so far been treated. For, whilst almost every other aspect of medieval life has been studied as, at least to some extent, a European phenomenon, the chantry, though its prevalence throughout western Europe has been well known and its importance in the life of the later middle ages generally recognized, has been studied as a matter of local, or at most of national, history, and in many cases antiquarian or genealogical interests have been allowed to obscure the broader ecclesiastical and constitutional questions which it raises or helps to elucidate.</abstract>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0080-4401</identifier>
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<date>1946</date>
<detail type="volume">
<caption>vol.</caption>
<number>28</number>
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<start>47</start>
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