Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity: An Original Perspective on the Genus Aeromonas
Identifieur interne : 000221 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000220; suivant : 000222Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity: An Original Perspective on the Genus Aeromonas
Auteurs : Frédéric Roger [France] ; Brigitte Lamy [France] ; Estelle Jumas-Bilak [France] ; Angeli Kodjo [France] ; Hélène Marchandin [France]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
16S rRNA gene (
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046268
PubMed: 23032081
PubMed Central: 3459834
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PMC:3459834Le document en format XML
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Groupe d’Etude Français des<italic>Aeromonas</italic>
(GFA), Lyon, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Jumas Bilak, Estelle" sort="Jumas Bilak, Estelle" uniqKey="Jumas Bilak E" first="Estelle" last="Jumas-Bilak">Estelle Jumas-Bilak</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kodjo, Angeli" sort="Kodjo, Angeli" uniqKey="Kodjo A" first="Angeli" last="Kodjo">Angeli Kodjo</name>
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(GFA), Lyon, France</addr-line>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 5557 Ecologie microbienne, VetAgro Sup Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Marcy-l’Étoile, France</addr-line>
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<author><name sortKey="Marchandin, Helene" sort="Marchandin, Helene" uniqKey="Marchandin H" first="Hélène" last="Marchandin">Hélène Marchandin</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity: An Original Perspective on the Genus <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Roger, Frederic" sort="Roger, Frederic" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Frédéric" last="Roger">Frédéric Roger</name>
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</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lamy, Brigitte" sort="Lamy, Brigitte" uniqKey="Lamy B" first="Brigitte" last="Lamy">Brigitte Lamy</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Groupe d’Etude Français des<italic>Aeromonas</italic>
(GFA), Lyon, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jumas Bilak, Estelle" sort="Jumas Bilak, Estelle" uniqKey="Jumas Bilak E" first="Estelle" last="Jumas-Bilak">Estelle Jumas-Bilak</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Laboratoire d’Hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire d’Hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kodjo, Angeli" sort="Kodjo, Angeli" uniqKey="Kodjo A" first="Angeli" last="Kodjo">Angeli Kodjo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Groupe d’Etude Français des<italic>Aeromonas</italic>
(GFA), Lyon, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>CNRS UMR 5557 Ecologie microbienne, VetAgro Sup Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Marcy-l’Étoile, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>CNRS UMR 5557 Ecologie microbienne, VetAgro Sup Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Marcy-l’Étoile</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marchandin, Helene" sort="Marchandin, Helene" uniqKey="Marchandin H" first="Hélène" last="Marchandin">Hélène Marchandin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>16S rRNA gene (<italic>rrs</italic>
) is considered of low taxonomic interest in the genus <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
. Here, 195 <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
strains belonging to populations structured by multilocus phylogeny were studied using an original approach that considered Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity. This approach associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess <italic>rrn</italic>
operon number and distribution across the chromosome and PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) to assess <italic>rrs</italic>
V3 region heterogeneity. Aeromonads harbored 8 to 11 <italic>rrn</italic>
operons, 10 operons being observed in more than 92% of the strains. Intraspecific variability was low or nul except for <italic>A. salmonicida</italic>
and <italic>A. aquariorum</italic>
suggesting that large chromosomic rearrangements might occur in these two species while being extremely rarely encountered in the evolution of other taxa. <italic>rrn</italic>
operon number at 8 as well as PFGE patterns were shown valuable for taxonomic purpose allowing resolution of species complexes. PCR-TTGE revealed a high rate of strains (41.5%) displaying intragenomic <italic>rrs</italic>
heterogeneity. Strains isolated from human samples more frequently displayed intragenomic heterogeneity than strains recovered from non-human and environmental specimens. Intraspecific variability ranged from 0 to 76.5% of the strains. The observation of species-specific TTGE bands, the recovery of identical V3 regions in different species and the variability of intragenomic heterogeneity (1–13 divergent nucleotides) supported the occurrence of mutations and horizontal transfer in aeromonad <italic>rrs</italic>
evolution. Altogether, the presence of a high number of <italic>rrn</italic>
operon, the high proportion of strains harboring divergent <italic>rrs</italic>
V3 region and the previously demonstrated high level of genetic diversity argued in favor of highly adaptative capabilities of aeromonads. Outstanding features observed for <italic>A. caviae</italic>
supported the ongoing process of adaptation to a specialized niche represented by the gut, previously hypothesized. 16S rRNA gene is an informative marker in the genus <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
for both evolutionary and polyphasic taxonomic studies provided that multi-operon fingerprinting approaches are used.</p>
</div>
</front>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23032081</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3459834</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-12-15287</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0046268</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Biology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Evolutionary Systematics</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Taxonomy</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbial Taxonomy</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Organismal Evolution</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Microbial Evolution</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Bacterial Pathogens</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Gram Negative</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group><subject>Bacteriology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Bacterial Taxonomy</subject>
<subject>Bacterial Evolution</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Bacterial Diseases</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Aeromonas Hydrophila</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity: An Original Perspective on the Genus <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity in <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Cannes</aff>
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<aff>Institut Gustave Roussy</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Chaumont</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Charleville-Mézières</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Gonesse</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Chartres</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Carcassone</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Cherbourg</aff>
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<aff>Centre Hospitalier de La Rochelle</aff>
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</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M. J.</surname>
<given-names>Galanti</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Coulommiers</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>E.</surname>
<given-names>Garnotel</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Lavean à Marseille</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M.</surname>
<given-names>Gavignet</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Lavaur</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>F.</surname>
<given-names>Geffroy</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Quimper</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>G.</surname>
<given-names>Grise</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Elbeuf-Louviers</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>I.</surname>
<given-names>Gros</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de St Denis</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>I.</surname>
<given-names>Hermes</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de St-Malo</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>J.</surname>
<given-names>Heurte</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Beauvais</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>E.</surname>
<given-names>Heusse</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Bayeux</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>D.</surname>
<given-names>Jan</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Laval</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>E.</surname>
<given-names>Jaouen</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Sablé/Sarthe</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>S.</surname>
<given-names>Laluque</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Montluçon</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>R.</surname>
<given-names>Lamarca</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Narbonne</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Laurens</surname>
<given-names>E.</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Belfort</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>A.</surname>
<given-names>Le Coustumier</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Cahors</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>E.</surname>
<given-names>Lecaillon</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Perpignan</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>C.</surname>
<given-names>Lemble</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Selestat</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M.</surname>
<given-names>Leneveu</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Poissy Saint-Germain-en-Laye</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>S.</surname>
<given-names>Leotard</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Grasse</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M. N.</surname>
<given-names>Letouzey</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Villefranche/saone</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>C.</surname>
<given-names>Malbrunot</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Corbeil-Essonnes</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>O.</surname>
<given-names>Menouni</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Montceau-les-Mines</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M.</surname>
<given-names>Morel</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Le Havre</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>C.</surname>
<given-names>Olive</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Fort de France</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>B.</surname>
<given-names>Pangon</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Versailles</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>J. G.</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Boulogne/mer</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>J. M.</surname>
<given-names>Perez</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Pointe-à-Pitre</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>P.</surname>
<given-names>Pouedras</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Vannes</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>D.</surname>
<given-names>Pressac</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Tulle</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>R.</surname>
<given-names>Sanchez</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Périgueux</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Y.</surname>
<given-names>Scat</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Pontivy</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>A.</surname>
<given-names>Secher</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Dreux</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>J.</surname>
<given-names>Semon</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Chalon-sur-Saone</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>D.</surname>
<given-names>Simeon</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Langres</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>C.</surname>
<given-names>Simonin</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Macon</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>J. P.</surname>
<given-names>Thellier</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Château-Thierry</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>B.</surname>
<given-names>Tourand</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier d’Alès</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>A.</surname>
<given-names>Vachée</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Roubaix</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>C.</surname>
<given-names>Varache</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier du Mans</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>J.</surname>
<given-names>Vaucel</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Saint-Brieux</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>A. C.</surname>
<given-names>Vautrin</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>A.</surname>
<given-names>Verhaeghe</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier de Dunkerke</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>M.</surname>
<given-names>Villemain</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier d’Aurillac</aff>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>L.</surname>
<given-names>Villeneuve</given-names>
</name>
<aff>Centre Hospitalier d’Aubagne</aff>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
</collab>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>¶</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marchandin</surname>
<given-names>Hélène</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
<addr-line>UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Equipe Pathogènes et Environnements, U.F.R. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>
<addr-line>Groupe d’Etude Français des<italic>Aeromonas</italic>
(GFA), Lyon, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label>4</label>
<addr-line>Laboratoire d’Hygiène hospitalière, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label>5</label>
<addr-line>CNRS UMR 5557 Ecologie microbienne, VetAgro Sup Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Marcy-l’Étoile, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label>6</label>
<addr-line>ColBVH, Collège de bactériologie, virologie et hygiène des hôpitaux généraux, le Chesnay, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Rodriguez-Valera</surname>
<given-names>Francisco</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="fn1" fn-type="other"><p>¶ For a full list of the members of the colBVH study group please see the Acknowledgments section.</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>helene.marchandin@univ-montp1.fr</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: BL EJB HM. Performed the experiments: FR. Analyzed the data: FR EJB HM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: BL AK colBVH. Wrote the paper: HM. Performed statistical analyses: BL. Critically revised the manuscript: EJB BL.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ecorrected"><day>02
</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<elocation-id>e46268</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>22</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>28</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Roger et al</copyright-holder>
<license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>16S rRNA gene (<italic>rrs</italic>
) is considered of low taxonomic interest in the genus <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
. Here, 195 <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
strains belonging to populations structured by multilocus phylogeny were studied using an original approach that considered Ribosomal Multi-Operon Diversity. This approach associated pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to assess <italic>rrn</italic>
operon number and distribution across the chromosome and PCR-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (TTGE) to assess <italic>rrs</italic>
V3 region heterogeneity. Aeromonads harbored 8 to 11 <italic>rrn</italic>
operons, 10 operons being observed in more than 92% of the strains. Intraspecific variability was low or nul except for <italic>A. salmonicida</italic>
and <italic>A. aquariorum</italic>
suggesting that large chromosomic rearrangements might occur in these two species while being extremely rarely encountered in the evolution of other taxa. <italic>rrn</italic>
operon number at 8 as well as PFGE patterns were shown valuable for taxonomic purpose allowing resolution of species complexes. PCR-TTGE revealed a high rate of strains (41.5%) displaying intragenomic <italic>rrs</italic>
heterogeneity. Strains isolated from human samples more frequently displayed intragenomic heterogeneity than strains recovered from non-human and environmental specimens. Intraspecific variability ranged from 0 to 76.5% of the strains. The observation of species-specific TTGE bands, the recovery of identical V3 regions in different species and the variability of intragenomic heterogeneity (1–13 divergent nucleotides) supported the occurrence of mutations and horizontal transfer in aeromonad <italic>rrs</italic>
evolution. Altogether, the presence of a high number of <italic>rrn</italic>
operon, the high proportion of strains harboring divergent <italic>rrs</italic>
V3 region and the previously demonstrated high level of genetic diversity argued in favor of highly adaptative capabilities of aeromonads. Outstanding features observed for <italic>A. caviae</italic>
supported the ongoing process of adaptation to a specialized niche represented by the gut, previously hypothesized. 16S rRNA gene is an informative marker in the genus <italic>Aeromonas</italic>
for both evolutionary and polyphasic taxonomic studies provided that multi-operon fingerprinting approaches are used.</p>
</abstract>
<funding-group><funding-statement>This work was supported by the Association des Biologistes de l’Ouest and by ADEREMPHA (Association pour la Recherche et le Développement en Microbiologique & Pharmacie). The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts><page-count count="12"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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