Annotated type catalogue of the Megaspiridae, Orthalicidae, and Simpulopsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London
Identifieur interne : 000232 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000231; suivant : 000233Annotated type catalogue of the Megaspiridae, Orthalicidae, and Simpulopsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London
Auteurs : Abraham S. H. Breure ; Jonathan D. AblettSource :
- ZooKeys [ 1313-2989 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The type status is described for 65 taxa of the
Url:
DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.470.8548
PubMed: 25632243
PubMed Central: 4304036
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4304036Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Annotated type catalogue of the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="phylum">Mollusca</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="class">Gastropoda</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>) in the Natural History Museum, London</title><author><name sortKey="Breure, Abraham S H" sort="Breure, Abraham S H" uniqKey="Breure A" first="Abraham S. H." last="Breure">Abraham S. H. Breure</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ablett, Jonathan D" sort="Ablett, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Ablett J" first="Jonathan D." last="Ablett">Jonathan D. Ablett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Natural History Museum, Division of Higher Invertebrates, London, SW7 5BD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25632243</idno><idno type="pmc">4304036</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4304036</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4304036</idno><idno type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.470.8548</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000232</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Annotated type catalogue of the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="phylum">Mollusca</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="class">Gastropoda</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>) in the Natural History Museum, London</title><author><name sortKey="Breure, Abraham S H" sort="Breure, Abraham S H" uniqKey="Breure A" first="Abraham S. H." last="Breure">Abraham S. H. Breure</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, the Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ablett, Jonathan D" sort="Ablett, Jonathan D" uniqKey="Ablett J" first="Jonathan D." last="Ablett">Jonathan D. Ablett</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Natural History Museum, Division of Higher Invertebrates, London, SW7 5BD, UK</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">ZooKeys</title><idno type="ISSN">1313-2989</idno><idno type="eISSN">1313-2970</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><label>Abstract</label><p>The type status is described for 65 taxa of the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>, classified within the families <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content> (14), <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content> (30), and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (20); one taxon is considered a nomen inquirendum. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861; <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Protoglyptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content> Fulton, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853. The type status of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby III, 1890, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content> da Costa, 1898 is now changed to lectotype according Art. 74.6 ICZN. The taxa <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">powissianus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">niveus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B105" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1909</xref> are now figured for the first time. The following taxa are now considered junior subjective synonyms: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 = <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Cochlogena</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">citrinovitrea</named-content></named-content> Moricand, 1836; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vermiculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978 = <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bocourtia</named-content></named-content></italic> Rochebrune, 1882. New combinations are: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>)</named-content> Rochebrune, 1882; <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">aequatoria</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">anthisanensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">aquila</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1848); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">badia</named-content></named-content> (Sowerby I, 1835); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">bicolor</named-content></named-content> (Sowerby I, 1835); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">caliginosa</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">coagulata</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">cotopaxiensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">filaris</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">indentata</named-content></named-content></italic> (da Costa, 1901); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1848); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">marmartensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">nucina</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1850); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">ochracea</named-content></named-content> (Morelet, 1863); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">peaki</named-content></named-content> (Breure, 1978); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">petiti</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1846); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1863); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">polymorpha</named-content></named-content> (d’Orbigny, 1835); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyria</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1847); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">purpurata</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">quechuarum</named-content></named-content> Crawford, 1939; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quechua</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> (Sowerby III, 1890); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subfasciata</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1854). In an addedum a lectotype is being designated for <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content> Preston, 1909. An index is included to all taxa mentioned in this paper and the preceding ones in this series (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2011</xref>, <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>).</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ancey, Cf" uniqKey="Ancey C">CF Ancey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ancey, Cf" uniqKey="Ancey C">CF Ancey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Angas, Cf" uniqKey="Angas C">CF Angas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Angas, Cf" uniqKey="Angas C">CF Angas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baker, Hb" uniqKey="Baker H">HB Baker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ablett, Jd" uniqKey="Ablett J">JD Ablett</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ablett, Jd" uniqKey="Ablett J">JD Ablett</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ablett, Jd" uniqKey="Ablett J">JD Ablett</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alvarez Lajonchere, L" uniqKey="Alvarez Lajonchere L">L Álvarez Lajonchère</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Guillen, A" uniqKey="Gonzalez Guillen A">A González Guillén</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Borrero, Fj" uniqKey="Borrero F">FJ Borrero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Romero, Pe" uniqKey="Romero P">PE Romero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schouten, Jr" uniqKey="Schouten J">JR Schouten</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breure, Ash" uniqKey="Breure A">ASH Breure</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whisson, Cs" uniqKey="Whisson C">CS Whisson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broderip, Wj" uniqKey="Broderip W">WJ Broderip</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broderip, Wj" uniqKey="Broderip W">WJ Broderip</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broderip, Wj" uniqKey="Broderip W">WJ Broderip</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broderip, Wj" uniqKey="Broderip W">WJ Broderip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sowerby I, Gb" uniqKey="Sowerby I G">GB Sowerby I</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Broderip, Wj" uniqKey="Broderip W">WJ Broderip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sowerby I, Gb" uniqKey="Sowerby I G">GB Sowerby I</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coan, Ev" uniqKey="Coan E">EV Coan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabat, Ar" uniqKey="Kabat A">AR Kabat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petit, Re" uniqKey="Petit R">RE Petit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Coan, Ev" uniqKey="Coan E">EV Coan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kabat, Ar" uniqKey="Kabat A">AR Kabat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petit, Re" uniqKey="Petit R">RE Petit</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Costa, Si" uniqKey="Da Costa S">SI da Costa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Da Costa, Si" uniqKey="Da Costa S">SI da Costa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dance, Sp" uniqKey="Dance S">SP Dance</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Duncan, Fm" uniqKey="Duncan F">FM Duncan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fulton, Hc" uniqKey="Fulton H">HC Fulton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fulton, Hc" uniqKey="Fulton H">HC Fulton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gassies, Jb" uniqKey="Gassies J">JB Gassies</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Germain, L" uniqKey="Germain L">L Germain</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gould, Aa" uniqKey="Gould A">AA Gould</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gould, Aa" uniqKey="Gould A">AA Gould</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gould, Aa" uniqKey="Gould A">AA Gould</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gould, Aa" uniqKey="Gould A">AA Gould</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grateloup, Jps De" uniqKey="Grateloup J">JPS de Grateloup</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grateloup, Jps De" uniqKey="Grateloup J">JPS de Grateloup</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gray, Je" uniqKey="Gray J">JE Gray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gray, Je" uniqKey="Gray J">JE Gray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gray, Je" uniqKey="Gray J">JE Gray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gray, Je" uniqKey="Gray J">JE Gray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sowerby I, Gb" uniqKey="Sowerby I G">GB Sowerby I</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guppy, Rjl" uniqKey="Guppy R">RJL Guppy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guppy, Rjl" uniqKey="Guppy R">RJL Guppy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guppy, Rjl" uniqKey="Guppy R">RJL Guppy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Higgins, Et" uniqKey="Higgins E">ET Higgins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hubendick, B" uniqKey="Hubendick B">B Hubendick</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jaeckel, S" uniqKey="Jaeckel S">S 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Zookeys</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ZooKeys</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>ZooKeys</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1313-2989</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1313-2970</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Pensoft Publishers</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25632243</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4304036</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3897/zookeys.470.8548</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Annotated type catalogue of the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="phylum">Mollusca</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="class">Gastropoda</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>) in the Natural History Museum, London</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Breure</surname><given-names>Abraham S. H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ablett</surname><given-names>Jonathan D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, the Netherlands</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Natural History Museum, Division of Higher Invertebrates, London, SW7 5BD, UK</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Abraham S. H. Breure (<email xlink:type="simple">ashbreure@gmail.com</email>)</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Academic editor: E. Neubert</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><issue>470</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>3</day><month>9</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Abraham S. H. Breure, Jonathan D. Ablett</copyright-statement><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="zoobank" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://zoobank.org/0E78A6A9-0B82-4011-99EE-D5895E7F8A9E">http://zoobank.org/0E78A6A9-0B82-4011-99EE-D5895E7F8A9E</self-uri><abstract><label>Abstract</label><p>The type status is described for 65 taxa of the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>, classified within the families <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content> (14), <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content> (30), and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (20); one taxon is considered a nomen inquirendum. Lectotypes are designated for the following taxa: <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861; <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Protoglyptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content> Fulton, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853. The type status of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby III, 1890, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content> da Costa, 1898 is now changed to lectotype according Art. 74.6 ICZN. The taxa <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">powissianus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">niveus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B105" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1909</xref> are now figured for the first time. The following taxa are now considered junior subjective synonyms: <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 = <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Cochlogena</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">citrinovitrea</named-content></named-content> Moricand, 1836; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vermiculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978 = <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bocourtia</named-content></named-content></italic> Rochebrune, 1882. New combinations are: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>)</named-content> Rochebrune, 1882; <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">aequatoria</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">anthisanensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">aquila</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1848); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">badia</named-content></named-content> (Sowerby I, 1835); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">bicolor</named-content></named-content> (Sowerby I, 1835); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">caliginosa</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">coagulata</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">cotopaxiensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">filaris</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">indentata</named-content></named-content></italic> (da Costa, 1901); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1848); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">marmartensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">nucina</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1850); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">ochracea</named-content></named-content> (Morelet, 1863); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">peaki</named-content></named-content> (Breure, 1978); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">petiti</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1846); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1863); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">polymorpha</named-content></named-content> (d’Orbigny, 1835); <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyria</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1847); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">purpurata</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">quechuarum</named-content></named-content> Crawford, 1939; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quechua</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> (Sowerby III, 1890); <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subfasciata</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1854). In an addedum a lectotype is being designated for <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content> Preston, 1909. An index is included to all taxa mentioned in this paper and the preceding ones in this series (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2011</xref>, <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>).</p></abstract><kwd-group><label>Keywords</label><kwd><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content></kwd><kwd>types</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta><notes><sec sec-type="Citation"><title>Citation</title><p>Breure ASH, Ablett JD (2015) Annotated type catalogue of the Megaspiridae, Orthalicidae, and Simpulopsidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London. ZooKeys 470: 17–143. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.3897/zookeys.470.8548">10.3897/zookeys.470.8548</ext-link></p></sec></notes></front><body><sec sec-type="Introduction"><title>Introduction</title><p>This is the fourth paper on the types of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content> in the Natural History Museum, London. Earlier papers (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2011</xref>, <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>) have presented the context of the collection, the criteria used for the selection of lectotypes, some biohistorical notes, and a list of type specimens belonging to the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Amphibulimidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bothriembryontidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Odontostomidae</named-content></named-content>. The aim of this paper is to provide data on the type specimens classified within the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (sensu <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero 2012</xref>). The paper is concluded with an addenda and corrigenda to the whole series of papers, including a list of taxa of which no type material could be found; in the <xref ref-type="app" rid="APP1">Appendix</xref>, an index to all taxa treated in the four papers is given.</p><p>References are given to the original publication, plus those of following papers where type material has been mentioned or is (re-)figured. Dates of publication are in accordance with <xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">Coan et al. (2013a</xref>, <xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">2013b</xref>) and <xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">Duncan (1937)</xref>. Abbreviations used for depositories of material are: ANSP, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, U.S.A.; MHNG, Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Genève, Switzerland; MNHN, Muséum nationale d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France; MZSP, Museu de Zoología, São Paulo, Brazil; NHMUK, Natural History Museum, London, U.K.; RBINS, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. Other abbreviations used are: / end of line in cited text; coll., collection; D, diameter; H, shell height; ICZN, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature; leg., <italic>legit</italic>, collected by; W, number of whorls; +, used for specimens with a broken apex. See <xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Whisson (2012</xref>: fig. 1) for the way measurements on the shell have been taken. Label styles in the Cuming collection (“M.C. label style”) are explained in <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett (2011</xref>: 7–8). Although most figures have been composed with the shells enlarged, their relative size is approximately maintained; the actual shell height is given in the figures legends.</p></sec><sec><title>Systematics</title><sec sec-type="Systematic list of taxa arranged in generic order"><title>Systematic list of taxa arranged in generic order</title><p>This systematic list follows <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> as far as appropriate. The generic classification has been adapted from <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref>, <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref>, and unpublished <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>data from the senior author; the family classification is amended as proposed by <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero (2012)</xref>. It may be noted that ongoing phylogenetic research may alter the classification. Within the family, genus and species level taxa are presented in alphabetical order.</p><sec sec-type="Family Megaspiridae Pilsbry, 1904"><title>Family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content> Pilsbry, 1904</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Megaspira</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Jay, 1836</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Gould, 1847.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1860</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">achilles</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content></italic> Higgins, 1872; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">consimilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">insolitus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> Grateloup, 1839; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Molecular studies (<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero 2012</xref>, Breure unpublished data) strongly suggest that this genus, treated with several subgenera by <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref>, is polyphyletic and only the nominate taxon is grouping with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Megaspira</named-content></named-content></italic>. However, further studies are needed as taxon sampling has been relatively low until now.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Family Orthalicidae Martens in Albers, 1860"><title>Family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content> Martens in Albers, 1860</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Strebel, 1909</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">magnifica</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1854.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gracilis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> E.A. Smith, 1902.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Strebel, 1910</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">indentatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1845; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Liguus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Montfort, 1810</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">murrea</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reeve, 1849.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Beck, 1837</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">mars</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">phlogera</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835.</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Oxyorthalicus</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Strebel, 1909</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> da Costa, 1898.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Shuttleworth, 1856</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">approximata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Fulton, 1896; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">irroratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">saturanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1860.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quechua</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Strebel, 1910</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Sowerby III, 1890.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Both this taxon described by Strebel and the next one (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1910), previously treated as subgenera of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> (<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>, <xref rid="B118" ref-type="bibr">Schileyko 1999</xref>), are now elevated to generic rank as several species appear as distinct groups in molecular studies (Breure unpublished data). This genus is only provisionally ranked with this family, and further molecular research with increased taxon sampling is needed to give better insight into the systematic position of this group.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Strebel, 1910</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">porphyrius</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pilsbry, 1899</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reeve, 1859; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gloriosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1862; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">kelletti</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">niveus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">vicaria</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1896; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Sultana</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Shuttleworth, 1856</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1855.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Family Simpulopsidae Schileyko, 1999"><title>Family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> Schileyko, 1999</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">jeffreysi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1852; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">opalinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subtuszonata</named-content></named-content></italic> Pilsbry, 1899.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1860</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hyaloideus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1860</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Ancey, 1904; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855.</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Beck, 1837</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1861; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">corrugatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Guppy, 1866; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer 1861; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">decussata</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gomesae</named-content></named-content></italic> da Silva & Thomé, 2006; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">miersi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1953; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">simulus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1851; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">vincentina</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1895.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="Nomen inquirendum"><title>Nomen inquirendum</title><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic>dejectus</italic> Fulton, 1907.</styled-content></p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Alphabetic list of taxa by species name"><title>Alphabetic list of taxa by species name</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">achilles</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1853</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F31">, L1i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">achilles</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 378; <xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854b</xref>: 137; Pfeiffer 1855 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 247, pl. 66 fig. 9; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">taunaisii</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">achilles</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 32 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Brazil] “in ripis fluvii Amazonum”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Banks of Amazon”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 57, diam. 25 mill.”. Figured specimen H 58.0, D 25.5, W 6.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975268, lectotype, 1975269, 2 paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but the species was described from the Cuming collection. The original label also mentions “between B. Largilliertii / + taunasii”; a label in a second (later?) hand has added “Prov. S. Paulo, Brazil / (Nehring)”.The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 384).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">taunaisii</named-content></named-content></italic> (Férussac, 1822).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1861</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F27">Figs 27i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F31">, L1ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B92" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861a</xref> [April]: 84; <xref rid="B93" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861b</xref> [May]: 27; <xref rid="B110" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1862</xref> [1860–1862]: pl. 1 fig. 7; <xref rid="B96" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868a</xref>: 22; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Parada, reipublicae mexicanae (<italic>Sallé</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Parada, Mexico, M<sup>r</sup> Sallé”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Diam. maj. 9, min. 8, alt. 5 1/2 mill.”. Figured specimen H 8.98, D 10.6, W 2.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20140830, three syntypes, Sallé leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B134" ref-type="bibr">Thompson (2011</xref>: 130). The reference to this species in <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 361) cites the wrong author; the first two citations in his list should be omitted.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1861.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figs 10i–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F31">, L1iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 72 fig. 522; <xref rid="B108" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1850b</xref>: 99; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 324; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 40 [cited with the wrong year].</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 59, pl. 23 fig. 61.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Scholvienia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 40, fig. 47 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Cuzco, Bolivia; W. Lobb”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Cuzco”. M.C. label style III, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 35.5, D 16.5, W 6.6.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975148, lectotype, 1975149, one paralectotype. W. Lobb leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based. As <xref rid="B136" ref-type="bibr">Weyrauch (1964</xref>: 46) has argued, the type locality is probably in error. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 371) at the species level. The familiar arrangement cannot be ascertained at present; tentatively this taxon is classified with the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content> until further research has proven its relationships.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p>?<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alutacea</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">approximata</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Fulton, 1896</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">Figs 14i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F31">, L1iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">approximata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">Fulton 1896</xref>: 103; <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">Fulton 1897</xref>: pl. 6 fig. 6; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 208, pl. 40 fig. 1; <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera 2012</xref>: 156 [incorrect original name].</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Colombia] “Bogota”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Bogota”, in Fulton’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 67 millim., maj. diam. 31 millim.”. Figured specimen H 65.7, D 32.5, W 6.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1895.12.19.44, one syntype (ex Fulton).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Fulton did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the single specimen found corresponds to his figure and is herein considered as syntype. The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 117).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">approximata</named-content></named-content> Fulton, 1896.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1853</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 2v–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F32">, L2i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 378; <xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854b</xref>: 136; Pfeiffer 1855 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 247, pl. 66 fig. 7; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 26 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 152, fig. 515.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brasilia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazils”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 95 mill., diam. 34 mill.”. Figured specimen H 92.0, D 39.0, W –.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975274, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but the species was described from the Cuming collection. The top whorls of the specimen are missing. The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1853).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Figs 11v–vii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F32">, L2ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 78 fig. 571; Pfeiffer 1853 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 75, pl. 21 fig. 1.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oxystyla</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 147, pl. 31 fig. 64.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Banks of the river Amazon”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazil”. M.C. label style I, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 66.6, D 35.0, W 7.9.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975582, three possible syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve described this taxon from “Mus. Benson”, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. According to <xref rid="B135" ref-type="bibr">Tillier (1980</xref>: 73), the figured specimen is in the collection of the Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge. The material found is therefore considered as possible syntypes. The specimen figured by Pfeiffer 1853 (in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: pl. 21 fig. 1) was smaller than Reeve’s figure, but also originated from Benson’s collection.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">Figs 12i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F32">, L2iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 82 fig. 606.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Oxystyla</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulgurata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 143, pl. 31 figs 59–60.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 29 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera 2012</xref>: 151.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Colombia] “Andes of Columbia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Andes of Colombia”. M.C. label style I, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 56.9, D 32.8, W 5.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20140082, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The lectotype is not full-grown as shown by the lip. <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1853b</xref>: 388) mentioned specimens from both “Mus. Cuming, Benson. et Coll. Nr. 260 jun.”; as shell height he gave 65 mm, which was likely measured on a full-grown specimen. <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 98, 110) treated this taxon both as a separate species and as a junior subjective synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">princeps</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>; tentatively this taxon is retained as a full species awaiting further studies.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1860</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F12">Figs 12iii–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F33">, L3i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B90" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1860</xref>: 138, pl. 51 fig. 7.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Mexico (<italic>Mr. Boucard</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Betaza Mexico / Mr. Boucard”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 43, diam. 25–26 mill.”. Figured specimen H 54.8, D 29.7, W 6.9.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20140081, three syntypes, Boucard leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The specimens found are larger than the measurements given by Pfeiffer, but undoubtedly were collected by Mr. Boucard, bear Pfeiffer’s handwriting, and are considered syntypes herein. The type locality (Oaxaca, Sierra de Betaza) was specified by <xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Martens 1893 [1890–1901]</xref>: 101 on the basis of Boucard’s material. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B134" ref-type="bibr">Thompson (2011</xref>: 101).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1860).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Helicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">d’Orbigny, 1835</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">Figs 10v–vii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F33">, L3ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1835</xref>: 17.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1837 [1834–1847]</xref>: 294, pl. 38 figs 8–9 [text 6 May 1838]; <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray 1854</xref>: 19.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 57, pl. 28 figs 4–5.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“republica Peruviana”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Pérou”, in d’Orbigny’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 52 millim., latit. 25 millim.”. Figured specimen H 51.9, D 25.1, W 5.6.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1854.12.4.117, lectotype (d’Orbigny coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>d’Orbigny did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The specimen found corresponds to the figures of d’Orbigny and is here designated lectotype (<bold>design. n.</bold>) to define the taxon, which has been compared to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">taeniolus</named-content></named-content></italic> Nyst, 1845 (<xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 57). <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny (1838 [1834–1847]</xref>: 294) specified the type locality as follows: “Nous n’avons pas receuilli nous-même ce Bulime; nous le devons à la bonté toute particulière de M. Mathius, botaniste anglais, que nous avons rencontré à Lima, et qui l’avait apporté du verant oriental des Andes péruviennes, à peu près par la latitude de Lima”; this would indicate the eastern part of Dept. Junín (e.g., Chanchamayo region) as the likely source area. The classification at species level follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 373), but further studies are needed to ascertain its status; for the generic level see also the remarks under the systematic arrangement above.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p>?<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></italic> (d’Orbigny, 1835).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Higgins, 1872</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3iv–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F33">, L3iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B48" ref-type="bibr">Higgins 1872</xref>: 685, pl. 56 fig. 3.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Methorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 193, pl. 41 fig. 6.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thamastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 27; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44; <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 8.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Ecuador, Prov. Loja] “San Lucas”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Ecuador”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 93, lat. 36 mill.”. Figured specimen H 92.0, D 36.0, W 6.0.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1872.5.22.6, two syntypes (da Costa coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Higgins did not state on how many specimens his description was based. Of the two syntypes mentioned by <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref>, only one could be found.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content></italic> (Higgins, 1872).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1857</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F21">Figs 21i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F34">, L4i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857d</xref>: 390; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 408; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 127.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 94.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Leiostracus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 227 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 121, fig. 377.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brazil (<italic>Mr. Cloué</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazils Mons Cloué”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 22, diam. 10 mill.”. Figured specimen H 22.2, D 11.1, W 7.2.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975491, lectotype; 1975492, one paralectotype, Cloué leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1857).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">consimilis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1848</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F34">, L4ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">consimilis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 53 fig. 346.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“—?”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazil”. M.C. label style I, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 52.9, D 22.8, W 6.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20030189, three syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but wrote “[t]his shell approaches nearest to the <italic>Bulimus Taunaisii</italic>, but is certainly distinct”. Pfeiffer (1853: 406) considered this taxon a junior subjective synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">largillierti</named-content></named-content></italic> Philippi, 1842, which has been followed by later authors. The printed label also mentions this name, and this is consistent with the index (<xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1850 [1848–1850]</xref>: v); the locality “Brazil” has been added in a later hand.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">largillierti</named-content></named-content></italic> (Philippi, 1842).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corrugatus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Guppy, 1866</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F24">Figs 24i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F35">, L5i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corrugatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">Guppy 1866</xref>: 53; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Trinidad”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Trinidad”, presumably in Guppy’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Height 0.38 inch, greatest breadth 0.47 inch [H 9.65, D 11.9 mm]”. Figured specimen H 9.27 (damaged), D 10.8, W 3.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1866.1.3.7, one syntype (ex Guppy).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Guppy did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the single specimen found is damaged. Guppy emendated the name “qu’il me paraît préférable de féminiser, à l’exemple de Pfeiffer et de la plupart des auteurs” (<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Guppy 1878</xref>: 323). He also wrote “...je n’avais pu trouver que deux individus complétement adultes et deux exemplaires jeunes de cette espèce (...) Au commencement de l’année 1877, j’ai été assez heureux pour découvrir six à sept autres individus adultes (...) Coll. L. Guppy et H. Crosse”. From this text it is clear that Guppy had multiple specimens at hand when originally describing this taxon, and also that the figure presented in this paper (<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">Guppy 1878</xref>: pl. 10 fig. 5) is likely not from the type series.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">corrugata</named-content></named-content> Guppy, 1866.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1861</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F24">Figs 24iii–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F35">, L5ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B92" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861a</xref> [April]: 84; <xref rid="B93" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861b</xref> [May]: 27, pl. 3 fig. 2; <xref rid="B110" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1862</xref> [1860–1862]: pl. 1 fig. 5; <xref rid="B96" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868a</xref>: 22; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 220, pl. 63 figs 61–62; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Mexico”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Mexico”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Diam. maj. 20 1/2, alt. 12 mill.”. Figured specimen H 14.1, D 19.0, W 3.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975486, lectotype and one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. Two specimens have been found in the collection, of which one is designated lectotype (<bold>design. n.</bold>) to fixate this poorly understood species. This taxon was compared to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content></italic> by <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry (1899)</xref>, but has not been recognised by later authors. Richardson’s references (<xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">1995</xref>: 363) to a citation for Venezuela [<xref rid="B112" ref-type="bibr">Richards and Wagenaar Hummelinck 1940</xref>: 7] and Brazil [<xref rid="B50" ref-type="bibr">Jaeckel 1952</xref>: 7] were in error; these authors mentioned “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Tomigerus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer” [<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Odontostomidae</named-content></named-content>]. The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B134" ref-type="bibr">Thompson (2011</xref>: 130), who expressed doubt about the locality from which it was reported.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1861.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1859</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">Figs 18i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F35">, L5iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B109" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1859</xref>: 123; <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868b</xref>: 15.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 27 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Peruvian side of the Amazon”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Banks of Amazon River / (Reeve)”, in Dance’s handwriting; see below.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 2 3/4 in. Lat. 1 1/4 in. [H 69.9, D 31.8 mm]”. Figured specimen H 64.7, D 33.6, W 6+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 19601622, lectotype (ex DeBurgh).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve wrote “[a] fine shell”, but otherwise it is not clear from the context that he had only one specimen at hand. The material is accompanied by a label written in 1961 by S.P. Dance “This specimen does not suit Reeve’s measurements but it is labelled by Mrs. de Burgh”; his selection as lectotype was interpreted as such by <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref>. Their text may be ambiguous, but as all the qualifying data are given following Recommendation 74C jo. 73C, we feel that this designation qualifies Art. 74.5 ICZN. The specimen is slightly damaged at the top, hence the measurements depart from those given by Reeve.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1859).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">decussata</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1857</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F25">Figs 25iv–vii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F35">, L5iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">decussata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B83" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857a</xref>: 260; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 232; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 179, fig. 642; <xref rid="B120" ref-type="bibr">da Silva and Thomé 2007</xref>: 11, figs 16–17.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Brazil] “Petropolis prope Rio Janeiro (Miers)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Petropolis Rio / F. Miers E[sq.]”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Diam. maj. 12 1/2, alt. 11 mill.”. Figured specimen H 14.3, D 12.5, W 4.7.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975488, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described this taxon from “Mus. Cuming”. This is contrasting the statement in <xref rid="B120" ref-type="bibr">da Silva and Thomé (2007)</xref>, who said “Pfeiffer mentioned a single specimen”; they considered the specimen in NHMUK as the holotype (<xref rid="B120" ref-type="bibr">da Silva and Thomé 2007</xref>: 14), but this does not follow Art. 73.1 and Recommendation 73F ICZN Code. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">decussata</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1857.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1861</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F21">Figs 21vi–viii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F36">, L6ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B92" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861a</xref> [April]: 14; <xref rid="B93" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861b</xref> [May]: 24; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 127.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B100" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1898 [1897–1898]</xref>: 306.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Leiostracus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 227 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bostryx</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">Muratov and Gargominy 2011</xref>: 612, fig. 2B.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Guiana] “Demerara”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Demerara”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 20 1/2, diam. 10 mill.”. Figured specimen H 20.1, D 10.9, W 6.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975501, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; only a single specimen was found. <xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">Muratov and Gargominy (2011)</xref> re-described this taxon and studied the anatomy of a single dried individual. They concluded that this taxon “lacks the very characteristic, for <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content></named-content></italic>, division of the spermathecal duct into an enlarged distal part and a slender proximal part that connect to the distal part sub-apically, which is essentially the only character that separates <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content></named-content></italic> from <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bostryx</named-content></named-content></italic>”. As <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978</xref>: 239–240) has shown, these two genera also differ in their radula structure, which was not studied by Muratov and Gargominy. Moreover, molecular data lends support for clear differentiation of both genera, even in different families (<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero 2012</xref>); more research may be needed to ascertain the position of Pfeiffer’s taxon. The generic classification of <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> is retained herein.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1861).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Heterostropha</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Acteonidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Megaspira</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Gould, 1847</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figs 2i–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F36">, L6iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Megaspira</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">Gould 1847</xref>: 197; <xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">Gould 1862</xref>: 34.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Megaspira</named-content><named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">Gould 1852</xref>: 91; <xref rid="B37" ref-type="bibr">Gould 1856</xref>: 5, pl. 7 fig. 101; <xref rid="B111" ref-type="bibr">Rehder 1945</xref>: 67 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 182, fig. 659.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brazil”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazil (Gould)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 1 1/2, lat. 1/3 poll. [H 38.0, D 8.4 mm]”. Figured specimen H 37.2, D 8.4, W 18.1.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1987060, three paralectotypes (ex Gould).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Gould did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The lectotype is USNM 5503 (<xref rid="B111" ref-type="bibr">Rehder 1945</xref>), who considered this taxon to be a junior synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">elatior</named-content></named-content></italic> Spix, 1827; however, <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref> considered the two taxa as distinct and the current systematic position follows his work.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Megaspira</named-content><named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content></italic> (Gould, 1847).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Ancey, 1904</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F28">Figs 28iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F36">, L6iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Ancey 1904</xref>: 102; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 62; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 118, fig. 361; <xref rid="B137" ref-type="bibr">Wood and Gallichan 2008</xref>: 44; <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure 2011</xref>: 25, fig. 16C, 16ii (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name">?<named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 144, pl. 11 fig. 8.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Bahia, Brazil (<italic>teste</italic> H. Fulton)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Bahia”, in Fulton’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 20, diam. 12 mill.”. Figured specimen H 20.5, D 13.3, W 5.3.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1905.12.30.12, one paralectotype.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Ancey did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the NHMUK specimens were considered syntypes by <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978</xref>, <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">1979</xref>), and <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>. <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure (2011)</xref> selected the specimen in RBINS (also mentioned as syntype by <xref rid="B137" ref-type="bibr">Wood and Gallichan 2008</xref>) as lectotype. <xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">Ancey (1904)</xref> considered his taxon as belonging to “the <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Eudioptus</named-content></named-content></italic> section” of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content></named-content></italic>; <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure (2011)</xref> re-classified it with <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>)</named-content> Albers, 1860. Further anatomical and molecular studies should provide more evidence for this classification.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content> Ancey, (1904).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figs 1v–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F37">, L7i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mahogani</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B63" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1841</xref>: 42; Pfeiffer 1844 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 40, pl. 13 figs 1–2; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848b</xref>: 24. Not <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mahogani</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby, 1838. See remarks.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 73 fig. 526; Pfeiffer 1853 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: xiv; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 46, pl. 24 fig. 71.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Vitoe, near Sarma [sic, Tarma], Alto-Peru; W. Lobb”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Peru”. M.C. label style IV, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 3 poll., diam. 15 lin. [H 76.0, D 31.7 mm]”; see remarks. Figured specimen H 71.5, D 37.0, W 5.7.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975275, lectotype; 1975276, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer, in his original description, referred to Sowerby I 1838 in <xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>: fig. 59, for which no further data were presented; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1848b)</xref> corrected the dimensions to “Long. 72, diam. 35 mill.”. In both instances the locality was presented as “Chile”, and the material as collected by Philippi (jun.); in Pfeiffer 1844 (<xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>) “Aufenthalt: Chile und Peru” is given. The shell figured in the latter publication may be referred to what Reeve (1849) has named as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content></italic>; Pfeiffer (1853: xiv) remarked that his taxon was not identical to Sowerby’s <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mahogani</named-content></named-content></italic>, however, he did not discuss the large geographical distance between the localities where Philippi and Lobb collected their material. Pfeiffer’s original material is most probably lost (<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Dance 1966</xref>), and whether his taxon is a synonym of Reeve’s may possibly never be fully ascertained. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 375), who incorrectly assigned this taxon to Pfeiffer.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1858</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">Figs 19i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F37">, L7iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B88" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1858</xref>: 239; <xref rid="B90" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1860</xref>: 137, pl. 51 fig. 5; <xref rid="B90" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1860</xref> [1860–1866]: 157, pl. 42 figs 1–2; Pfeiffer 1868: 15.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 193, pl. 46 figs 31–33.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 28 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“in provincia Cuenca reipublicae Aequatoris (Fraser)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Found on the road from Gualaquiza / to Mendez— and near to the latter / place”, “Province of Cuenca / Republic of Ecuador / M<sup>r</sup> Fraser”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 89, diam. 37 mill.”. Figured specimen H 88.9, D 45.0, W 6.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20140083, lectotype, Fraser leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described this taxon from “Mus. Cuming”. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1858).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gloriosus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1862</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F18">Figs 18iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F37">, L7iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gloriosus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B94" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1862</xref>: 387, pl. 37 fig. 4; <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868b</xref>: 14.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Reeve); <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 27 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Republic of Ecuador”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Republic Ecuador / M<sup>r</sup> Fraser”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 78, diam. 34 mill.”. Figured specimen H 75.2, D 39.3, W 5.7+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975243, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the single specimen found has the top damaged. The lectotype designation by <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref> may be viewed ambiguously, but as all the qualifying data are given following Recommendation 74C jo. 73C, we feel that this designation qualifies Art. 74.5 ICZN. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1859).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gomesae</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">da Silva & Thomé, 2006</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F25">Figs 25i–iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gomesae</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B119" ref-type="bibr">da Silva and Thomé 2006</xref>: 191, figs 19–32.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>No locality.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given (range H 1.60–10.96, D 1.55–8.63 mm). Figured specimen H 6.46, D 6.93, W 3.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20050238, one paratype in ethanol, J.W. Thomé leg.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>This taxon was based on 17 specimens; the specimen present in NHMUK was mentioned in the original paper. Its systematic position may, however, need to be critically re-examined as many taxa have already been described from this region.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">gomesae</named-content></named-content> da Silva & Thomé, 2006.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pfeifferi</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">gracilis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">E.A. Smith, 1902</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 9i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F37">, L7ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pfeifferi</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">gracilis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B123" ref-type="bibr">E.A. Smith 1902</xref>: 170.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Rio Caqueta, S.E. Colombia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Rio Caqueta, / S.E. Colombia”, in Smith’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“[L]ength is 67 mm. and diameter 23”. Figured specimen H 67.3, D 24.8, W 8.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1902.5.27.4, holotype.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>This taxon was described from a single specimen. The morphological variation within <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pfeifferi</named-content></named-content></italic> needs further study.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pfeifferi</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">gracilis</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1902.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">Figs 3i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F38">, L8i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer in <xref rid="B98" ref-type="bibr">Philippi 1846 [1845–1847]</xref>: 111, pl. 4 fig. 1; <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 29 fig. 176; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848b</xref>: 140; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 52, pl. 26 fig. 82.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 29; <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 9.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“respublica [sic] Aequatoris, ubi ad ‘El Catamaija’ prope Loxa Hartweg”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“El Catamaja near Loxa”. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long 28, diam. 13´´´ [H 61.0, D 28.3 mm]”. Figured specimen H 57.0, D 30.0, W 4.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975126, one syntype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but said the material was in “Sammlung des Hrn. Hugh Cuming”. Given the context of the publication, it is here assumed that the dimensions were given in German lines (1 line = 2.18 mm); <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1848b)</xref> quoted “Long. 57, diam. 26 mill.”, which shell height concurs with our measurement given above. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 376).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyaloideus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F23">Figs 23iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F38">, L8ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyaloideus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B79" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855b</xref>: 292; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 505; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 131.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">constrictus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Pfeiffer); <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 232 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyaloideus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera 2012</xref>: 206.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Mendez, Andes of New Granada”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Mendes Andes of Granada”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style I.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 12 1/2, diam. 7 1/2 mill.”. Figured specimen H 20.6, D 11.1, W 6.7.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975412, lectotype; 1975413, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he described this taxon from Cuming’s collection. The paralectotype specimen is juvenile. <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> mentioned that the original measurements given by Pfeiffer were in error. <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera (2012)</xref> said “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyaloides</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1855) es un sinónimo”, overlooking the fact that this is the same taxon; they probably mixed the classification of <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 76) [who placed this taxon with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content></named-content></italic> Leach, 1814], and the classification of <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> [who placed it under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Albers, 1860]. The current systematic position follows the synonymisation by <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">constrictus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1841).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Helicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">d’Orbigny, 1835</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figs 4iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F38">, L8iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1835</xref>: 16; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1837 [1834–1847]</xref>: 294, pl. 38 figs 6–7 [text 6 May 1838]; <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray 1854</xref>: 18.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 56, pl. 28 figs 10–11.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Atahualpa</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1975</xref>: 1139.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Tutulima (republica Boliviana)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Tutulima, Bolivia”, in d’Orbigny’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit 72 millim., latit. 30 millim.”. Figured specimen H 75.4, D 32.3, W 8.3.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1854.12.4.116, lectotype and three paralectotypes (d’Orbigny coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>d’Orbigny did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The lot found consists of four specimens, of which the one corresponding to d’Orbigny’s figure is now designated lectotype (<bold>design. n.</bold>) to fixate the taxon, which needs further study to clarify its status; the three paralectotypes are one subadult and two juveniles. Three other specimens are in the MNHN collection (<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1975</xref>), and are thus paralectotypes. <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny (1838 [1834–1847]</xref>: 295) specified the localities as follows: “deux localités differentes, au nord-est de la Cordillère orientale de Bolivia; la première fois dans le fond d’un ravin humide et boisé, près de Carcuata, province de Yungas, où nous n’en avons eu qu’un seul exemplaire; puis au nord de Cochabamba, dans le fond du ravin de ‘Tutulima’, d’où il nous a été apportes par les Indiens” (see also <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1973</xref>). The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 376).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content></italic> (d’Orbigny, 1835).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Strophocheilidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Dryptus</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">indentatus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">da Costa, 1901</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F39">, L9i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Dryptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">indentatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">da Costa 1901</xref>: 239, pl. 24 fig. 8; <xref rid="B102" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1902 [1901–1902]</xref>: 281, pl. 49 fig. 7.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">indentatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44; <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 8.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Ecuador”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Ecuador”, in da Costa’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 44, diam. 23 mm.”. Figured specimen H 44.0, D 24.0, W 4.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1907.11.21.115, lectotype; 1907.11.21.116, one paralectotype (da Costa coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based. This species has been classified by <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> s.str. by <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref>. Upon re-studying the specimens found, however, the protoconch appears to be pit-reticulated and the taxon may be better placed in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1910. This taxon is closely allied to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1845) and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Morelet, 1863), and upon further studies may prove to be a synonym of either of these species.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">indentata</named-content></named-content></italic> (da Costa, 1901) (<bold>comb. n.</bold>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">insolitus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Preston, 1909</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">Figs 4i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F39">, L9ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">insolitus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B105" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1909</xref>: 509, pl. 10 fig. 9; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Chanchamayo, Peru”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Chanchamayo Peru”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Alt. 70, diam. maj. 29.5 mm.”. Figured specimen H 70.4, D 31.2, W 5.6.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1947.3.11.1, holotype (ex Preston).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Preston wrote “[a]n extraordinary shell”; the singular implies that he had only one specimen at hand, the specimen thus is the holotype. A label states “Purchased from / Preston many years ago / by Mayor Connolly with / others / A. M. N. H. viii p. 509”. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 377) at the species level, the generic classification should be re-evaluated by further studies of the anatomy and by molecular research; this could also affect the arrangement at family level.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">insolitus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Preston, 1909).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F40">, L10i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855d</xref>: 114; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 369; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 153.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 31 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 8.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Quito, Ecuador”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Quito”. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 82, diam. 39 mill.”. Figured specimen H 81.5, D 42.0, W 7.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975244, lectotype; 1975245, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he did, however, recognize a variety β for which he gave “Long. 65, diam. 31 mill.” as measurements. This was likely a shell from his own collection, as the paralectotype in the Cuming collection has a shell height of 71.6 mm. The protoconch of these type specimens is sculptured with axial wrinkles, becoming coarse granules on the lower part of the protoconch. The generic classification of <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> is herein tentatively retained, but further studies should clarify the systematic position of this taxon.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1855).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1853</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F14">Figs 14iii–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F40">, L10ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 313; <xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854b</xref>: 136; Pfeiffer 1855 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 244, pl. 65 figs 4–5.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 157, pl. 51 figs 28–29.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Le Ceja, Rio Negro Novae Granadae (Bland)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“La Ceja. Rio Negro / New Grenada”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style I.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 64, diam. 32 mill.”. Figured specimen H 72.6, D 41.1, W 5.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20100506, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described the species from “Mus. Cuming”. Although the specimen is larger than the measurements given by Pfeiffer, there is little doubt it is from the original series as the label confirms the original locality; it also bears the text “please to name this / ‘<italic>Blandi</italic>’ after the collector”. The specimen is now designated lectotype (<bold>design. n.</bold>) to fixate this taxon, which needs further study to clarify its status. The mentioning in <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera (2012</xref>: 157) of “ZMUZ 511864” as lectotype for this taxon is erroneous, as this refers to the type specimen of the junior subjective synonym <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">wallisianus</named-content></named-content></italic> Mousson, 1873 (see <xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1976</xref>: 3). The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 119).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">irroratus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">Figs 15i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F40">, L10iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">irroratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 62 fig. 427; <xref rid="B107" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1850a</xref>: 16; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 304.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">irrorata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 155, pl. 51 figs 36–37; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 41 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brazil? New Granada?”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Quito Ecuador”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 77.0, D 44.0, W 6+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975248, three syntypes, A.L. Gubba leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but said it was the “Mus. Cuming (...) thanks to the liberality of A.L. Gubba, Esq., of [Le] Havre”. In Reeve (1850) the locality was mentioned as “—?”. The top of the specimen figured is damaged. The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 119).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">irrorata</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jeffreysi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1852</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F21">Figs 21iv–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F41">, L11i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jeffreysi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1852</xref>: 93; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 342; Pfeiffer 1854 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 187, pl. 49 figs 9–10.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Reeve); <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 93, pl. 14 fig. 15.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 122, fig. 381.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brasilia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazils”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style I.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 19, diam. 11 mill.”. Figured specimen H 20.4, D 10.9, W 6+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20110083, three syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he described the taxon “Ex Coll. Cl. Gruner” (<xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1852</xref>) and specified this later to “Mus. Cuming ex Gruner” (<xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>). The three specimens found are thus considered to be syntypes; one of these, possibly figured in Pfeiffer 1854 [<xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>], is broken. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">kelletti</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1850</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F19">Figs 19iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F41">, L11ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">kelletti</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1850 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 89 fig. 661; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 305.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">kellettii</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 204, pl. 45 figs 23–24.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">kellettii</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 28 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 26.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Ecuador?”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“?Ecuador”. M.C. label style III, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 61.2, D 33.2, W 5.7.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975241, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>The material is accompanied by a label “the type specimen”. However, Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but only mentioned “this new and very beautiful species”. The specimen found should thus be regarded as lectotype, contradicting the statement by <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero (2008)</xref>, who considered it as holotype.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">kelletti</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1850).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1853</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">Figs 5iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F41">, L11iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 379; <xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854a</xref>: 59.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 52.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera 2012</xref>: 206.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“in Andibus Novae Granadae”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Andes N. Granada”. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 71, diam. 34 mill.”. Figured specimen H 71.3, D 37.3, W 5.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975125, one syntype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but said the material was in “Mus. Cuming”. The protoconch is sculptured with spaced, indistinct wrinkles, becoming closer towards the transition to the teleoconch. The lip is white, which is quite unusual for <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic><italic>s.str.</italic> Further research should thus shed more light on the systematic position of this taxon, which is here figured for the first time. <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera (2012)</xref> assumed that this taxon was collected in “Colombia, en una localidad no definida”. Although this cannot be excluded, this remains disputable as ‘New Granada’ had a broader political-administrative meaning at the time the specimen was collected. Therefore, at the moment the allocation of this taxon to the Colombian malacofauna remains doubtful at best.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1853).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Achatinidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnifica</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1848</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F41">, L11iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnifica</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848a</xref>: 232; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848b</xref>: 255.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Liguus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Hemibulimus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B124" ref-type="bibr">E.A. Smith 1907</xref>: 314, fig.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Quito, Ecuador; in woods (De Lattre)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Quito, Ecuador”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 47, diam. 21 mill.”. Figured specimen H 46.6, D 23.0, W 5.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20100508, two syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described this taxon from Cuming’s collection. Reeve’s figure (<xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1849–1850]</xref>: pl. 9 fig. 33) was from “the collection of J. Dennison, Esq., of which there is also a specimen in the possession of Mr. Cuming [i.e., Pfeiffer’s type]”. This taxon has been incorrectly classified with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hemibulimus</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1885 by <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry (1899</xref>: 185)—who copied Reeve’s figure—and <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 71); <xref rid="B103" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry (1909 [1908–1910]</xref>: 117) corrected his mistake. The type material is here re-figured, after <xref rid="B124" ref-type="bibr">E.A. Smith (1907)</xref> had figured it for the first time. Although the specimen seems to be slightly subadult, this taxon might be closely allied to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corydon</named-content></named-content></italic> Crosse, 1869, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1863, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1854. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnifica</named-content></named-content></italic> is now tentatively placed in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1909; however, further anatomical and molecular studies should reveal the correct systematic position.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1848) (<bold>comb. n.</bold>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Grateloup, 1839</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 6i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F42">, L12i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B39" ref-type="bibr">Grateloup 1839a</xref>: 165; <xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">Grateloup 1839b</xref>: 419, pl. 4 fig. 1; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 46, pl. 25 fig. 74.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 31 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 153, fig. 521.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Pérou”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Le Perou (Brésil)”; see remarks.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Près de 3 pouces de longueur”; see remarks. Figured specimen H 78.0, D 36.0, W 6.9.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1907.11.22.24, lectotype (da Costa coll., ex Grateloup).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Grateloup did not state on how many specimens his description was based; in <xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">Grateloup (1839b</xref>: 420) he gave as measurements “Hauteur: 80 mill. – Diamètre: 35 Mill.” and said it was from “Mon cabinet”. As <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> noted, this specimen “From Grateloup Coll<sup>n</sup>.” came to the NHMUK collection via da Costa, who purchased the specimen from the dealers Sowerby and Fulton. <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve (1848 [1848–1850])</xref> evidently based his description on a different specimen, as he wrote “The shell named <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> by M. Grateloup is, according to the specimen so marked in Mr. Cuming’s collection, a variety of <italic>Bulimus Taunaysii</italic> [supposed by Reeve to be Férussac’s species] of a lighter brown colour”. Despite the confusing localities (“Brésil” seems to be added in a later hand), the status of this specimen is not disputed herein; the Peruvian locality, however, still needs confirmation. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>, who reported this species from the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Grateloup, 1839).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F28">Figs 28i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F42">, L12ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855a</xref>: 125; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 501.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B100" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1897 [1897–1898]</xref>: 61; <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera 2012</xref>: 163.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Colombia] “Marmato, New Granada”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Marmata / New Grenada”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 17, diam. 10 mill.”. Figured specimen H 15.0, D 11.0, W 5.0.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975330, three syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he, however, described this taxon from the collection of Cuming. Three specimens were found, two damaged adults and one juvenile. The protoconch is sculptured with axial wrinkles and spiral lines; this taxon—classified by <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979</xref>: 63) with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content></named-content></italic> Leach, 1814—is therefore now placed in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> Beck, 1837 and is considered as junior subjective synonym of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">citrinovitrea</named-content></named-content> (Moricand, 1836) (<bold>comb. n., syn. n.</bold>). The taxon is here figured for the first time.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">citrinovitrea</named-content></named-content> (Moricand, 1836).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mars</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1861</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">Figs 13v–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F43">, L13i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mars</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B93" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861b</xref>: 25, pl. 2 fig. 8; <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868b</xref>: 202; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 143, pl. 53 fig. 42.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“republica Aequatoris (Mr. Fraser)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Republic of Ecuador”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 77, diam. 35 mill.”. Figured specimen H 76.6, D 38.4, W 6+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20100504, three syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described “from the collection of H. Cuming”. Although on the label has been written in a later hand “none quite like fig.”, the type status is not disputed as the shell height matches the original data. The top of the largest specimen, herein figured, is damaged. Also the top of one of the other specimens is damaged. The protoconch of the third, undamaged, specimen is smooth. This taxon is tentatively classified with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Beck, 1837; however, further anatomical and molecular research should provide evidence to assess if this classification is correct or needs to be adjusted.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mars</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">Figs 17iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F43">, L13ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855c</xref>: 96; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 586.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 191.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Meobamba, Eastern Peru (Mr. Yates)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Meobamba / East Peru”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 88, diam. 46 mill.”. Figured specimen H 84.9, D 52.8, W 6.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20100505, two syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. There is no doubt, however, about the type status of the specimens found as he described this taxon from the Cuming collection and the taxon label is—although in pencil—in his handwriting. This is the first time this material is figured; <xref rid="B132" ref-type="bibr">Strebel (1909</xref>: pl. 29 fig. 429) figured a specimen from Huagabamba, Peru that E.A. Smith considered conspecific.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Sultana</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miersi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1857</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F27">Figs 27iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F43">, L13iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miersi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B83" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857a</xref>: 260; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 800; <xref rid="B110" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1862</xref>: pl. 1 fig. 4; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 218; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 179, fig. 644.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Brazil] “Espirito Santo Brasiliae (Miers)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Espirits Santo / F. Miers Esq.”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Diam. maj. 24, alt. 17 1/2 mill.”. Figured specimen H 20.6, D 20.9, W 4.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975489, lectotype; 1975490 one paralectotype (Cuming coll., ex Miers).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but refers to “Mus. Cuming”, and Miers as source. The lectotype is slightly damaged at the body of the last whorl and the lip. The references of <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 364) for this taxon to <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 333 and <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 396 are erroneous, as these refer to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miersii</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby, 1838. The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">miersi</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1857.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Achatinidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">murrea</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 9iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F44">, L14ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">murrea</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1849–1850]</xref>: pl. 7 fig. 22.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“—?”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>No locality label, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 38.6, D 19.5, W 7.1.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975482, 20230332, three + three syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but figured two different specimens from “Mus. Cuming”. Three specimens were found in lot NHMUK 1975482, one of which corresponds to Reeve's figure 22a; Pfeiffer has identified this lot as “A. fasciata / Müller juv.”. Lot 20120332 also contains three specimens, one of which was figured as fig. 22b. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">Breure et al. (2014)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Liguus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">murreus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">powissianus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">niveus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Preston, 1909</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F17">Figs 17i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F44">, L14iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">powissianus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">niveus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B105" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1909</xref>: 512.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Jimenez, Rio Dagua, West Colombia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Jimenez Rio Dagua / 1600 ft. Colombia”, in Preston’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 65.2, D 31.3, W 7.2.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1909.8.18.85, holotype, M.G. Palmer leg., ex Preston.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Preston mentioned “taken with the animal alive”, from which may be inferred that he had only one specimen at hand. The specimen located is thus the holotype; the top is slightly damaged. The taxon is here figured for the first time. The current systematic position at species level follows <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 125).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Methorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">powisiana</named-content></named-content> (Petit de la Saussaye, 1843).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F22">Figs 22i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F44">, L14iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 76 fig. 551; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 342; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 127.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 93, pl. 14 fig. 14.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Leiostracus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 227 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 122, fig. 381.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Brazil] “Bahia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazil”. M.C. label style I, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 22.7, D 12.05, W 6+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975493, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but mentioned “[a] pink shell”; this is herein not considered as sufficient evidence that he had only one shell for his description. The material was in “Mus. Cuming”. The top and the apertural lip of the specimen found are damaged. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Basommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Planorbidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">opalinus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Sowerby I, 1833</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F22">Figs 22iv–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">, L15i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">opalinus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Sowerby I 1833 in <xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>: 7, fig. 47; Sowerby I in <xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">Gray and Sowerby I 1839</xref>: 144, pl. 38 fig. 8.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">opalinus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848b</xref>: 107.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">perlucidus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 123, fig. 384.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brazil”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazil”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 27.8, D 14.3, W 7.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975442, three probable syntypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Sowerby did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he wrote “Nob.”, thus “ours”, meaning the author claimed his right as describer of the new taxon, not necessarily proof of presence in his own collection. As <xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett (2011</xref>: 10) suggested that these might have been swapped with Cuming, the three specimens found are treated as probable syntypes. They are accompanied by two labels in Pfeiffer’s handwriting; one “Bul. opalinus / Sow”, the other in different ink “perlucidus Spix”. In Pfeiffer 1848: 108 the dimensions “Long. 27, diam. 14 mill.” were given; this corresponds to the largest specimen in the lot. The citation in <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 207) to “Pfeiffer, Mono. Helic. Viv. 1: 231” refers to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">opalina</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1841, and is thus in error. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">perlucidus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Spix, 1827).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1849</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F23">Figs 23v–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">, L15ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 76 fig. 556; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 131. pl. 12 fig. 48.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 232 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 129, fig. 412.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Philippine Islands; Cuming”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Pernambuco, Brazil”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style I, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 20.1, D 12.3, W 6.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975416, lectotype; 1975417, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but mentioned “A shell of rather solid growth...”; this is herein not considered as sufficient evidence that he had only one shell for his description. The material was in “Mus. Cuming”. <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 226) incorrectly classified this taxon with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Naesiotus</named-content></named-content></italic> Albers, 1850. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>; the shell height given by him is erroneous.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Helicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phlogera</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">d’Orbigny, 1835</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">Figs 13iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">, L15iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phlogera</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1835</xref>: 8.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phlogerus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1837 [1834–1847]</xref>: 259, pl. 29 figs 6–8 [text 30 March 1838]; <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray 1854</xref>: 12.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“provincia Chiquitensi (republica Boliviana)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Sn Xavier, Chquitos (Bolivia)”, in d’Orbigny’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 55 millim.; latit. 24 millim.”. Figured specimen H 59.8, D 26.8, W 6+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1854.12.4.86, six syntypes (d’Orbigny coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny (1835)</xref> did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he said his taxon was identical to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">regina</named-content></named-content></italic> var. β Férussac, 1821. In <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny (1838 [1834–1847]</xref>: 260) the locality was specified as “environs des Missions de San-Xavier et de Concepcion”; see <xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1973</xref>. Of the material found, none of the shells corresponds exactly with d’Orbigny’s figure. The current systematic position is according to <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 108).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phlogerus</named-content></named-content></italic> (d’Orbigny, 1835).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1863</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7iii–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">, L15iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B95" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1863</xref>: 274; <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868b</xref>: 9; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 30 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 81.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 15, pl. 11 fig. 6; <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 6.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Ecuador”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Ecuador”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 31, diam. 15 mill.”. Figured specimen H 30.5, D 17.5, W 5.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975143, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described his material “from the collection of H. Cuming”. This taxon has long been associated with <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>)</named-content> Albers, 1850, but re-examination of the type—of which the protoconch proves to be smooth—plus recent collections in north-western Ecuador (Breure unpublished data) reveal that this taxon belongs to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1909. It may be closely allied to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corydon</named-content></named-content></italic> Crosse, 1869, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1848 and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1854; however, further anatomical and molecular studies should clarify the current systematic position.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1863) (<bold>comb. n.</bold>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">Figs 6iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F46">, L16i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855d</xref>: 114; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 369; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 49.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 31, pl. 11 fig. 1 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Venezuela”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Venezuela”. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 93, diam. 36 mill.”. Figured specimen H 93.0, D 40.5, W 5.9.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975130, lectotype; 1975131, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described his material “from the collection of H. Cuming”. Although there is no label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting, the type status of these specimens is not disputed as the shell height matches the original data. This taxon has been considered a junior subjective synonym of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Cochlogena</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">pardalis</named-content></named-content> Férussac, 1821 (<xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson 1995</xref>: 202), but re-examination of the type leads us to tentatively retain the classification of <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref>. It may be noted that the locality of this taxon is well outside the range of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic>; however, it could possibly occur in southwestern Venezuela. Once located, further anatomical and molecular studies should shed more light on its systematic position.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1855).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyrius</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1847</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F11">Figs 11i–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F46">, L16iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyrius</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1847</xref>: 114; <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 15 fig. 89; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848b</xref>: 199; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 41.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Scholvienia</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">porphyrius</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 46 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Bolivia (T. Bridges)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Bolivia”, “andes of Caxamarca / Peru”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 51, diam. 20 mill.”. Figured specimen H 51.5, D 22.0, W 6.6.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975277, lectotype; 1975278, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; it was, however, one of the taxa from the Cuming collection. <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> has discussed the localities and suggested that both labels are probably erroneous. This taxon has hitherto been classified with <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Scholvienia</named-content>)</named-content> Strebel, 1910. Given the results of <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero (2012)</xref>, who found that subgenera of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> belong to different families, the familiar association of this taxon is tentatively made to the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content></named-content></italic> is provisionally given generic status. Further anatomical and molecular studies should shed more light on its systematic position.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p>?<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyria</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1847) (<bold>comb. n.</bold>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1853</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F29">Figs 29iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F46">, L16ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 389; <xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854b</xref>: 137; Pfeiffer 1855 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 248, pl. 66 fig. 8; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 44.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 55, pl. 27 fig. 94.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 31 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 154, fig. 523.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brasilia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Brazils”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 62, diam. 26 mill.”. Figured specimen H 62.0, D 29.0, W 5.3+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975301, lectotype; 1975302, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but described his material from “Mus. Cuming”. The top of the lectotype is slightly damaged. The protoconch is sculptured with slightly waving axial riblets. Both specimens appear to be subadult; further studies are needed to ascertain the taxonomic position of this taxon. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1853).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Vitrinidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vitrina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1853</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F26">Figs 26i–iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F46">, L16iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vitrina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B71" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853a</xref>: 51; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 623; <xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854a</xref>: 60.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; Pfeiffer 1854 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 29, pl. 6 figs 17–19; <xref rid="B110" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1862</xref>: pl. 2 fig. 8.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="uncertainty-rank">(?)</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 226, pl. 63 figs 76–78.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">rufovirens</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (Moricand); <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 232 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“in insulis Salomonis”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Solomons Isl”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 11, diam. 9 mill.”. Figured specimen H 11.1, D 10.7, W 4.5.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975485, lectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but noted “Mus. Cuming”. He also remarked “Diese Art ist mit der brasilianischen Gruppe Simpulopsis Beck sehr nahe verwandt”, which might have led <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry (1899</xref>: 226) to suggest that the locality given by Pfeiffer was erroneous. <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> suggested that this taxon might be a junior subjective synonym of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Succinea</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">rufovirens</named-content></named-content> Moricand, 1846. <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 367) considered this taxon as a separate species; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref> did not mention it at all. Tentatively the classification of this taxon by <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> is herein retained, until a further revision of this group clarifies its taxonomic status.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">rufovirens</named-content></named-content> (Moricand, 1846).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Sowerby III, 1890</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F13">Figs 13i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F47">, L17i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B130" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby III 1890</xref>: 578, pl. 50 fig. 4; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 45.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Catamarca, Andes Peruviae”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Andes of Peru”; printed label.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 70, maj. diam. 35 mill.”. Figured specimen H 69.9, D 35.2, W 6.0.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1907.11.21.118, lectotype (da Costa coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Sowerby also described a (larger) “var. γ”, and remarked “[t]he two shells form part of the collection of Mr. S.J. Da Costa, and there is a specimen of each variety [typical one and var. γ] in the National Collection at South Kensington [= NHMUK]”. The original series thus seems to have comprised two specimens, and the reference in <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> to “HT BMNH 1907.11.21.118” has to be interpreted as lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN, also following Recommendation 73F. We have, however, not been able to locate a varietal form of this taxon in the da Costa collection within the NHMUK. In the General collection we found two specimens. One is labeled “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> / Andes of Peru / Purch Sowerby”, and is registered as NHMUK 1883.10.24.8 (it is listed in the register as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> and no specific name). The second specimen is labelled “<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> var. / Peru / Mus. Cuming”; this is the only specimen with a varietal label, but nonetheless dubious if it belonged to the original series and Sowerby’s varietal shell may have been lost from the collection. This taxon has hitherto been classified with <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Quechua</named-content>)</named-content> Strebel, 1910. Given the results of <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero (2012)</xref>, who found that subgenera of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> belong to different families, the familial association of this taxon is tentatively made to the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quechua</named-content></named-content></italic> is provisionally given generic status, pending further anatomical and molecular studies.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p>?<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quechua</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> (Sowerby III, 1890) (<bold>comb. n.</bold>).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1857</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F22">Figs 22vi–viii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F46">, L16v</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B87" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857e</xref>: 157; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 412; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 127.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B100" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1897 [1897–1898]</xref>: 80.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Leiostracus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 227, figs 396–397 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 123, fig. 386.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“in Brasilia septentrionali (Miers)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“North of Brazils / F. Miers Esq”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style I.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 21–25, diam. 10–11 1/2 mill.”. Figured specimen H 24.7, D 13.1, W 7.7.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975398, lectotype; 1975399, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but from his dimensions it is clear that he had more than one specimen at hand. From <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1859)</xref> it becomes clear that this was one of the taxa described from “Mus. Cuming”. <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> re-described the species on the basis of additional material and established the first exact locality in state Espírito Santo. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone (2006)</xref>, whose reference to the figured type as “syntype” is erroneous.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1857).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">saturnus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1860</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F15">Figs 15iii–v</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F47">, L17v</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">saturanus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B90" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1860</xref>: 136.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">satuanus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B90" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1860</xref>: pl. 51 fig. 6.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">saturnus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B92" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861a</xref>: 11; <xref rid="B97" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1868b</xref>: 14.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">saturnus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 154, pl. 50 fig. 25.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Pallatanga, Republic of Ecuador (<italic>Mr. Fraser</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Pallatango Republic of Ecuador M<sup>r</sup> Fraser”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style I.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 76, diam. 33 mill.”. Figured specimen H 75.8, D 38.4, W 6.7.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20140080, three syntypes, Fraser leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. In the original paper he made twice an error in the name, which was corrected in <xref rid="B92" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1861a</xref>; without explicit comment), and Pfeiffer (1868; “sphalm. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Saturanus</named-content></named-content></italic>”); this is treated as a <italic>lapsus calami</italic> under Art. 32.1 jo. 24.2.4 ICZN. <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero (2008</xref>: 28) have pointed out that “Pallatanga” could not be assigned unequivocally to a locality, as it is found twice in modern gazetteers.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">saturnus</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1860).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">simulus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Morelet, 1851</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F26">Figs 26iv–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F47">, L17ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">simulus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B56" ref-type="bibr">Morelet 1851</xref>: 11; Pfeiffer 1853d: 383; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Guatemala] “sylvas Petenensis”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“forêt de Dolores”, taxon label in Morelet’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 11 – Diam. 9 [mm]”. Figured specimen H 8.26, D 6.79, W 4.3.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1893.2.4.1128–1129, two syntypes (Morelet coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Morelet did not state on how many specimens his description was based. On the board on which the labels are glued has been written in a later hand “Type largest / Test. Noviss. No. 101”. The locality on the label probably refers to the village of Dolores, Petén, Guatemala, which is thus the exact type locality. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B134" ref-type="bibr">Thompson (2011</xref>: 130).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">simula</named-content></named-content> (Morelet, 1851).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Strophocheilidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">da Costa, 1898</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F16">Figs 16i–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F47">, L17iv</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">da Costa 1898</xref>: 83, fig. II; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 54.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B102" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1901 [1901–1902]</xref>: 163, pl. 24 fig. 11.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Oxyorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 29.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Paramba, Ecuador”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Paramba, Ecuador”, in da Costa’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 63, diam. 33 mm.”. Figured specimen H 62.6, D 36.6, W 5.9.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1907.11.21.114, lectotype (da Costa coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the reference in <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref> to “HT BMNH 1907.11.21.114” has to be interpreted as lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero (2008)</xref>. However, it should be noted that <xref rid="B132" ref-type="bibr">Strebel (1909</xref>: 120)—after establishing the subgenus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="subgenus">Oxyorthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic>—wrote “Die Skulpturbeschreibung [by da Costa] bezw. das Fehlen der erhabenen Streifen scheint mir für die Untergattung unwahrscheinlich”. Further anatomical and molecular research should thus shed more light on the taxonomic position.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Oxyorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content> (da Costa, 1898).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Leiostracus</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">onager</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">subtuszonata</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pilsbry, 1899</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F23">Figs 23i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F49">, L19iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">onager</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 45 fig. 284. Not <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">onager</named-content></named-content></italic> Beck, 1837.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Leiostracus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">onager</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">subtuszonata</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 95, pl. 14 fig. 17.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">subtuzonatus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> [sic]; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 123, fig. 387B.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>Not given.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>Not given [“Brazil” added in a later hand]. M.C. label style I, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“[L]ength of 28 mm”. Figured specimen H 29.0, D 14.8, W 7.9.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20130094, three probable paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pilsbry did not state on how many specimens his description was based, and gave no type locality as he described what he regarded as a colour variation only. His figure was a black and white copy of Reeve’s figure. <xref rid="B116" ref-type="bibr">Salvador and Cavallari (2013)</xref> have given this variety specific status and designated a specimen from MZSP as neotype. In doing so they disregarded material in the NHMUK (Reeve) and ANSP (Pilsbry), and their designation did not fulfil the requirements of Art. 75 ICZN. <xref rid="B117" ref-type="bibr">Salvador et al. (2014)</xref> corrected this issue and selected the figure of <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 45 fig. 284 as lectotype, in accordance with Recommendation 74B ICZN. The specimens found are accompanied by a Reeve label, but cannot be matched exactly to his figure; they are considered as probable paralectotypes.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">subtuszonatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pilsbry, 1899).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1845</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F47">, L17iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B65" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1845</xref>: 74; <xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848b</xref>: 141; <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 24 fig. 158; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 40.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Kara</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">thompsoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> [sic]; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 34 (lectotype designation); <xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Borrero 2008</xref>: 7.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Ecuador] “Quito. (Coll. Cuming)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Quito”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style IV, V.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 70, diam. 31 mill.”. Figured specimen H 71.0, D 32.0, W 6.2.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975464, lectotype; 1975465, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The specimen figured by Reeve has been selected lectotype by <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref>; the paralectotypes are less slender. On the basis of molecular analyses of <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero (2012)</xref>, the genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1910 has been placed in the family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure 2011</xref>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1845).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vicaria</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Fulton, 1896</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F20">Figs 20i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F48">, L18i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">labeo</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 71 fig. 207b, pl. 72 fig. 207c. Not <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">labeo</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip, 1828.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vicaria</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">Fulton 1896</xref>: 103.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Leimabamba, Peru, 8000 feet (<italic>O.T. Baron</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Limabambo Peru”. M.C. label style IV.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 82.2, D 46.7, W 6.3+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 20100507, holotype, Lobb leg. (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Fulton mentioned “[t]ype in British Museum (Cuming Collection)”, and said his taxon had been figured by Reeve. Reeve wrote: “It is with much gratification that I am enabled to give an original figure of the <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">labeo</named-content></named-content></italic>, figured at. Pl. XXXV, from a figure in the Zoological Journal. This shell, from the Cumingian collection, which I take to be identical with the lost specimen [see <xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">Pain 1959</xref>] (...). It was collected by Mr. Lobb at Limabamba, Peru; a district seldom visited by travellers, and the same in which Lieut. Mawe obtained the original specimen.” From this text it may be concluded that Reeve had only seen one specimen, identical to the lost type of Broderip; Reeve’s shell is thus the holotype of Fulton’s taxon. It is also clear that the altitude and collector data given by Fulton are erroneous. The current systematic position at species level follows <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 128).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1854</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">Figs 7vi–vii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F48">, L18iii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854d</xref>: 128; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 368; <xref rid="B91" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861 [1860–1866]</xref>: 169, pl. 46 figs 1–2; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 55 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 82, pl. 33 figs 47–48; <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera 2012</xref>: 174.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“in provincia Antioquia, Columbiae (<italic>Schlim</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Province of Antioquia / [...] Schlim [...]”, taxon label in Pfeiffer’s handwriting. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 65, diam. 29 mill.”. Figured specimen H 64.0, D 36.7, W 5+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975242, lectotype; 20100567, one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; besides the specimen corresponding to Pfeiffer’s dimensions, and selected lectotype by <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref>, a second specimen was found designated as “var.” by Pfeiffer (1861: 169). The label accompanying the lectotype is partly fading away; the apex of this specimen is missing. This species has been listed by <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 120) under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content></named-content></italic> Shuttleworth, 1856, and also under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content></named-content></italic> Guilding, 1828 (<xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson 1995</xref>: 324). The reference of <xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">Linares and Vera (2012)</xref> for this species from Putumayo must be viewed with suspicion until the voucher specimen has been studied, as there may be a confusion with a local <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. This taxon has long been associated with <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>)</named-content> Albers, 1850, but re-examination of the type material—the protoconch of the paralectotype proves to be smooth—plus recent collections in north-western Ecuador (Breure unpublished data) reveal that this taxon belongs to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1909. It may be closely allied to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corydon</named-content></named-content></italic> Crosse, 1869, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1848, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1863; however, further anatomical and molecular studies should reveal the correct systematic position.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1854) (<bold>comb. n.</bold>).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulosis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vincentina</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">E.A. Smith, 1895</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F29">Figs 29i–ii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F49">, L19i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulosis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vincentina</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B122" ref-type="bibr">E.A. Smith 1895</xref>: 305, pl. 21 figs 4–5; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 219, pl. 63 figs 65–66; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 134.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[West Indies, St. Vincent] “Damp forest, Upper Richmond valley, 2000 ft, on leaves of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Artanthe</named-content></named-content></italic> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Piperacea</named-content></named-content>) (H.H. Smith)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Damp forest, Upper Richmond valley, 2000 ft, on leaves of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Artanthe</named-content></named-content> (<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Piperacea</named-content></named-content>), St. Vincent, B.W.I.”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 13, diam. maj. 10 mm”. Figured specimen H 11.4, D 10.2, W 2.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1895.6.17.458, holotype, H.H. Smith leg.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>E.A. Smith wrote “[o]nly a single specimen was collected.” Both body of the last whorl and the lip are partly broken in the holotype. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995</xref>: 368).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulosis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">vincentina</named-content></named-content> E.A. Smith, 1895.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Morelet, 1863</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">Figs 8v–vi</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F48">, L18ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">Morelet 1863</xref>: 171, pl. 8 fig. 3; Pilsbry 1868: 87; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 40.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B99" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1895 [1895–1896]</xref>: 54, pl. 27 fig. 97.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Kara</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1978</xref>: 34 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[Peru] “Yanama”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Yanama. Pérou”, taxon label in Morelet’s handwriting.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 58; diam. 25 (...) mill.”. Figured specimen H 48.6, D 26.9, W 5.4.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1893.2.4.167–168, [two paralectotypes] (Morelet coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Morelet did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the two specimens mentioned by <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1978)</xref> were absent, although the labels of the lot have been found and a picture has been taken. The lectotype is present in the MNHG collection. This taxon has been associated with the genus <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content></named-content></italic> Strebel, 1910. On the basis of molecular analyses of <xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero (2012)</xref>, this genus has been placed in the family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure 2011</xref>).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Morelet, 1863).</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F20">Figs 20iii–iv</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F49">, L19ii</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855c</xref>: 93, pl. 31 fig. 5; <xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1856</xref> [1854–1860]: 63, pl. 18 figs 1–2; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 371.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 202, pl. 43 fig. 17.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 28 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Meobamba, Eastern Peru (<italic>Mr. Yates</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Meobamba, East Peru”. M.C. label style III.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 82, diam. 32 mill.”. Figured specimen H 84.3, D 39.7, W 7.2.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1975239/1, lectotype; 1975239/2–3, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; <xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1856</xref> [1854–1860]) mentioned “Aus H. Cumings’s und meiner Sammlung”. The specimen figured by <xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer (1855c)</xref> was selected lectotype by <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref>. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 127) at the species level.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855).</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="Addenda et corrigenda"><title>Addenda et corrigenda</title><sec sec-type="I. Nomen inquirendum"><title>I. Nomen inquirendum</title><p>The systematic position of the following taxon cannot be ascertained at present, and it is herein considered a <italic>nomen inquirendum</italic>.</p><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Protoglyptus</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Fulton, 1907</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">Figs 9iii</xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F36">, L6i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Protoglyptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Fulton 1907: 153, pl. 10 fig. 1; <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure 2011</xref>: 22, fig. 15B, 15iii.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Protoglyptus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 148, fig. 500A.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Santa Catarina (<italic>fide</italic> Linnaea Institute label)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“St. Catharina”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Maj. diam. 10, alt. 29 mm”. Figured specimen H 29.2, D 10.0, W 7.8.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1907.5.3.163, lectotype (ex Sowerby and Fulton).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Fulton did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The specimen found agrees with Fulton’s measurements and is now designated lectotype (<bold>design. n.</bold>). The sculpture of the protoconch is not with axial wrinkles as usual in <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Protoglyptus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pilsbry, 1897, but with axial wrinkles, partly broken into granules. It may be noted that all species currently classified with this genus occur in the West Indies (<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Romero 2012</xref>; <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2014</xref>). <xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">Breure (2011)</xref> retained this taxon with this genus, but expressed doubts and suggested further research. The surface of the teleoconch has spiral series of small granules, denoting an epidermis covered with hairs when fresh; this has both been observed in some species of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Albers, 1860, and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Naesiotus</named-content></named-content></italic> Albers, 1850. Although the shape of the shell cannot be conclusive evidence for generic classification, it may be noted that Fulton compared this species to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">crepundia</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835, which has been classified with <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Naesiotus</named-content></named-content></italic><italic>sensu lato</italic> (<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2014</xref>). Only further anatomical and molecular work can shed more light on the correct systematic position of this taxon.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p>?<named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content>, ?<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Naesiotus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Fulton, 1907). <italic>Nomen inquirendum</italic>.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="II. Types not located"><title>II. Types not located.</title><p>Type material of the following taxa, previously known to be extant in the NHMUK, has not been found during our study.</p><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">dennisoni</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1848</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">dennisoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 26 fig. 166; <xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 380; Pfeiffer 1855 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 245, pl. 66 figs 1–2.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Hemibulimus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Myiorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">dennisoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten 1985</xref>: 46.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“—?”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>The two syntypes mentioned by <xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Schouten (1985)</xref> could not be located during our research. The size of these specimens falls within the variation mentioned by Pfeiffer (1853d: “71–83 mill.”) for material from Cuming’s and Dennison’s collection.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Helicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miliola</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">d’Orbigny, 1835</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F44">Fig. L14i</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miliola</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1835</xref>: 17.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miliola</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1838 [1834–1847]</xref>: 323; <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray 1854</xref>: 24.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“imperio Brasiliano”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Latit. 2 millim., longit. 1 millim.”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1854.12.4.239, [seven syntypes] (d’Orbigny coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>Seven specimens were known to be present (cf. the registration book, which has an undated note in pencil “6 missing”), but none could not be found. This taxon has <pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>been mentioned under two different species by <xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1993</xref>: 36, as synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">janeirensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; 1993: 47, as synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Odontostomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">juvencus</named-content></named-content></italic> Mörch, 1852). The former is an erroneously reference to <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1837 [1834–1847]</xref>: pl. 39 figs 1–2, who corrected the legend to his figure to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">fuscagula</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny “(figuré sous le faux nom de <italic>Bulimus Miliola</italic>)”; <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1846 [1834–1847]</xref>: 696.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Helicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">progastor</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">d’Orbigny, 1835</named-content></p><p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="F45">Fig. L15v</xref></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">progastor</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1835</xref>: 2; <xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1836 [1834–1847]</xref>: 255, pl. 22 figs 12–15 [text 30 March 1838]; <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray 1854</xref>: 12.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">progastor</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B101" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1899</xref>: 223, pl. 64 figs 1–3.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Eudioptus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">progastor</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B121" ref-type="bibr">Simone 2006</xref>: 180, fig. 655.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Brasilianis oris”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Longit. 7 millim.”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1854.12.4.72, [one syntype] (d’Orbigny coll.).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny (1838 [1834–1847]</xref>: 255) specified the type locality as “la province des Mines” [Minas Gerais]. This taxon was marked in <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray (1854)</xref> with “B.M.” [NHMUK], but the type material has not been located during our research.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vitrinoides</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Reeve, 1848</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vitrinoides</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 46 fig. 290; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 79</xref>: 136.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“—?” “Mus. Cuming”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>The syntype material mentioned by <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> has not been located during our study. It is possible that this material has not been registered. However, the NHMUK copy of <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve (1848–1850)</xref> for <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vitrinoides</named-content></named-content></italic> has the species name crossed out and ‘citrino-vitreus Moricand’ penciled in. In the general collection one lot was found (registered NHMUK 1841.4.28.110); one specimen matches the illustration but is smaller. These specimens are not considered type material as they are not from the Cuming collection but were ‘purchased of M. M. Parreys d’Vienna’.</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="III. Types not found in NHMUK, but expected to be present"><title>III. Types not found in NHMUK, but expected to be present.</title><p>The following taxa were expected to be represented with type material; however, no material could be found matching the data in the original publication.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">adamsonii</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">J.E. Gray 1834</xref>: 123.—Described from “the collection of Mr. Adamson in Newcastle”, of which the fate is unknown.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulini</named-content><named-content content-type="species">guadaloupensis</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">alba</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I in <xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">J.E. Gray and Sowerby I 1839</xref>: 144, pl. 38 fig. 13.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">atramentaria</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855d</xref>: 116.—Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">aulacostylus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 316.—Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bilabiatus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B23" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1829</xref>: 49, suppl. pl. 40 figs 1–2.—The specimens figured by <xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 83 figs 201a–b are present in the General Collection (NHMUK 20110080).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bilineatus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 37.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bivittatus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref> [<xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>]: 7, fig. 46.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">blainvilleanus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1848a</xref>: 230.—Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bolivianus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 44 fig. 281.—Described from “Mus. Denisson”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cactivorus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 31—Five specimens were found in the General Collection, of which one may have been illustrated by <xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref> [<xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>]: fig. 2. However, the label reads “Peru”, and thus does not correspond to the type locality given in the original publication (“Montechris in West Columbia”).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cantatus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 56 fig. 375.—Described from “Mus. Denisson”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cardinalis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 316.—Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">castelnaui</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857c</xref>: 332.— Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">castrensis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1847</xref>: 115.— Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">chacoensis</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B104" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1907</xref>: 491, fig. 5.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">coerulescens</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B88" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1858</xref>: 257.— Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">columellaris</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 73 fig. 528.—Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">confinus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1850 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 86 fig. 643.—Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">coniformis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1847</xref>: 114.— Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, with type locality [Venezuela] “Merida, Andes of Bolivia”; material found in the Cuming collection have lost their label with Pfeiffer’s handwriting and have “Venezuela” as locality, and is not considered type material.</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">constrictus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 47 fig. 307.— Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">contortuplicatus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1850 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 88 fig. 658.—Described from “Mus. Miers”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">coquimbensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 30.— Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corneus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 37.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corrugatus</named-content></named-content></italic> King in <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">King and Broderip 1831</xref>: 341.—“A specimen is deposited in the British Museum”, but has not been found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">curianianus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 58 fig. 390.—Described from “Mus. Dyson”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">decoloratus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 73.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">draparnaudi</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1847</xref>: 113.— Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">droueti</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B84" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857b</xref>: 319, pl. 35 fig. 12.—The material found is from the Cuming collection, but lacks evidence that is was collected by Sallé.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">eganus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer 1853 in <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">Küster and Pfeiffer 1840–1865</xref>: 85, pl. 30 figs 11–12.—Described “Aus H. Cuming’s Sammlung”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">erythrostoma</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 37.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Partula</named-content><named-content content-type="species">flavescens</named-content></named-content></italic> King in <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">King and Broderip 1831</xref>: 342.—“<italic>Mus. Brit., nost.</italic> [King coll.], <italic>Brod.</italic>”; not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">granulosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 31.—Described from “the collection made by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gravesii</named-content></named-content></italic> King in <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">King and Broderip 1831</xref>: 340.—“<italic>Mus. nost.</italic>” [King coll.].</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Plekocheilus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">glaber</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">grenadensis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">Guppy 1868</xref>: 436.—See also <xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">Dance 1966</xref>: 288.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">guentheri</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B131" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby III 1892</xref>: 296, pl. 23 figs 7–8.—Sowerby wrote “[t]he only specimen I have seen belongs to the National Collection at South Kensington [NHMUK]”, but has not been encountered.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">guttula</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1854c</xref>: 154.—Description based on material “collected by M. Bourcier”, and presumed to be in NHMUK but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hegewischi</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1842</xref>: 46.—Described from “[Mexico] Tenango” and a colour variety from “Michoacan, Pazquaro. (Hegewisch in litt.)”; specimens found in the Cuming collection are labeled “Rio Frio”, and not considered type material.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hennahi</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">J.E. Gray 1828</xref>: 5, pl. 5 fig. 5.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyematus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 49 fig. 324.—Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Otostomus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">lilacinus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">ictericus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Martens 1893 [1890–1901]</xref>: 202.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inaequalis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1857c</xref>: 330.—Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”; the material found has no locality label.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inflatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip, 1836: 45.—Described from a shell “brought home by Mr. Cuming”, but not encountered in the collection.</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iostoma</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B125" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1824</xref>: 58, pl. 5 fig. 1.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">janeirensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I 1838 [<xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>]: 8, fig. 97.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jucundus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B79" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855b</xref>: 290.—Described “from Mr. Cuming’s collection”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">labeo</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">Broderip 1828</xref>: 222, suppl. pl. 31.—See also <xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">Pain 1959</xref>.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">laurentii</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 37.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lindeni</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 31 fig. 189.—Described from “Mus. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">listeri</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B138" ref-type="bibr">Wood 1828</xref>: 22, pl. 7 fig. 23.—“Br.M.” [NHMUK], not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">macandrewi</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B129" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby III 1889</xref>: 398, pl. 25 fig. 18.—Based on a “single specimen”, which is, however, not present in the NHMUK collection.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mutabilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 108—Several lots are present in the General Collection, however, none matching the original data.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">navarrensis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">Angas 1878</xref>: 73, pl. 5 figs 15–16.—“(Mus. Boucard)”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Otostomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">chiapensis</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">nebulosus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Martens 1893 [1890–1901]</xref>: 205, pl. 12 fig. 15.—Based on <xref rid="B133" ref-type="bibr">Strebel and Pfeffer (1882)</xref>.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">nigroumbilicatus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B104" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1907</xref>: 491, fig. 6.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">orobaena</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">d’Orbigny 1835</xref>: 17.— This taxon is marked by <xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">Gray (1854</xref>: 18) as being absent, thus the material in MNHN is the sole extant.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pallidior</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 72.—Sowerby wrote “Mr. Cuming obtained two specimens of this species in South America, but without being able to ascertain its locality”. The material found is from the Cuming collection, and has a label “Central America”; since it comprises four specimens it is not considered as type material.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pardalis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 24 fig. 157.—“Mus. Dennison”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">peelii</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B109" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1859</xref>: 123.—This species has been mentioned by Richardson both as <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content></named-content></italic> (<xref rid="B113" ref-type="bibr">Richardson 1993</xref>: 120) and <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content></named-content></italic> (<xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson 1995</xref>: 161); we consider only the latter classification to be correct.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pentlandi</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 83 fig. 614.—“Mus. Hamilton”.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Otostomus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">attenuatus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">pittieri</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Martens 1893 [1890–1901]</xref>: 216, pl. 16 fig. 1.—Based on material collected by Pittier (see <xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">Angas 1879</xref>: 478).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">primularis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 73 fig. 527.—Based on material from “Mus. Cuming”, but not located.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">princeps</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref> [<xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>]: 6, fig. 18.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Tomigerus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">principalis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B128" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby II 1849</xref>: 14, pl. 2 figs 6–7.—“In Mr. Cuming’s collection”, but not located.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pulchellus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 106.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pulchellus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I 1838 [<xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>]: 8, figs 91–92 (not <xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">Broderip 1832</xref>).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rhodacme</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1842</xref>: 50.—“(Bridges, Cuming)”, but material not located.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rubellus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">Broderip 1832</xref>: 124.— Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rubescens</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 23 fig. 148.—“(Mus. Cuming)”, not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">rupicolus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 16 fig. 93.—“(Mus. Cuming)”, not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcodes</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B66" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1846</xref>: 30.—Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”; the material was not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sayi</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1847</xref>: 114.—Based on material “in the collection of Hugh Cuming”, but not located.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">scytodes</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1853b</xref>: 256.—Described from “the collection of Hugh Cuming”; the material was not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sporadicus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 49 fig. 325.—“(Mus. Cuming)”, not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">striatulus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>: 73.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">striatus</named-content></named-content></italic> ‘King’ <xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref> [<xref rid="B127" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I and II 1832–1841</xref>]: 7, fig. 56.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clausilia</named-content>? (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Balea</named-content>?) <named-content content-type="species">taylori</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B93" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1861b</xref>: 27, pl. 2 fig. 7.—Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but the material has not been found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">tigris</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 107.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Otostomus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">lilacinus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">undulosus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">Martens 1893 [1890–1901]</xref>: 201.—Based on material collected by Champion, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">varians</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 107.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Tomigerus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">venezuelensis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1856</xref>: 36.—Described from “the collection of H. Cuming”, but the material has not been found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">venosus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1848 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 45 fig. 285.—“(Mus. Cuming)”, not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">ventricosus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B104" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1907</xref>: 495, fig. 10.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vexillum</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 105.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vexillum</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B138" ref-type="bibr">Wood 1828</xref>: 24, pl. 8 fig. 78a.—“M.Cab.” [Mrs. Mawe’s coll.].</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">vicinus</named-content></named-content><xref rid="B104" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1907</xref>: 495, fig. 11.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bilinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vittatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>: 31.—Described from “shells collected by Mr. Cuming”, but not found.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ziegleri</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B106" ref-type="bibr">Reeve 1849 [1848–1850]</xref>: pl. 58 fig. 389.—“(Mus. Cuming)”.</styled-content></p></sec><sec sec-type="IV. Addendum to part 2, Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Breure and Ablett 2012)"><title>IV. Addendum to part 2, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bothriembryontidae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Odontostomidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2012</xref>)</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">senilis</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Gassies, 1869</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">senilis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">Gassies 1869</xref>: 71.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Placostylus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">senilis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">Neubeurt et al. 2009</xref>: 110, fig. 18 (lectotype designation).</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>[New Caledonia] “Baie du Sud (Nov. Cal.)” (see remarks).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“New Caledonia”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 129 mill., diam. maj. 65”. Figured specimen H 126.1, D 56.3, W 7.0.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1883.11.10.1179, one paralectotype ex Sowerby ex Gassies.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p><xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">Neubert et al. (2009)</xref> suggested that the type locality may be erroneous as this taxon is only known from Ile des Pins and Koutoumo. See also their discussion on the variation within this species and consider their general remark that this species is “either recently extinct and/or represent morphological variations of extant taxa”. The lectotype selected by <xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">Neubert et al. (2009)</xref> is MNHN 21367.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bothriembryontidae</named-content></named-content>, <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Placostylus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">senilis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Gassies, 1869).</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="V. Corrigenda to part 2, Bothriembryontidae and Odontostomidae (Breure and Ablett 2012)"><title>V. Corrigenda to part 2, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bothriembryontidae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Odontostomidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2012</xref>)</title><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 3: <bold><italic>salomonis</italic></bold> (Pfeiffer, 1853) shoud be removed under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Placostylus</named-content></named-content></italic> Beck, 1837, and inserted under <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Santacharis</named-content></named-content></italic> Iredale, 1927.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 25: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">spixii</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">major</named-content></named-content></italic></bold> d’Orbigny, 1837 under Type material: the lectotype has registration number 1854.12.4.230 instead of 1885.12.4.232. The latter lot is from “Corrientes, Argentina”, while lot 1854.12.4.230 is from “Guarayos, Bolivia”. The specimen figured in Figs <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F22">22A–E</xref> is actually a paralectotype from this locality; for the lectotype see Figure <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F30">30</xref> in this paper.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 30: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ouensis</named-content></named-content></italic></bold> Gassies, 1870 under Type material: the holotype has registration number 1883.11.10.1176 where it should read 1883.11.10.1167.</styled-content></p></sec><sec sec-type="VI. Addendum to part 3, Bulimulidae (Breure and Ablett 2014)"><title>VI. Addendum to part 3, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2014</xref>)</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">diaphanus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pfeiffer, 1855</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">diaphanus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1855a</xref>: 125; <xref rid="B89" ref-type="bibr">Pfeiffer 1859</xref>: 505; <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1979</xref>: 62.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">diaphanus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; <xref rid="B100" ref-type="bibr">Pilsbry 1897 [1897–1898]</xref>: 47.</named-content></p></list-item><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bulimulus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">diaphanus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">diaphanus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> ; Breure 1974: 30, pl. III fis 11–12.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“S. Thomas, West Indies (<italic>Bland</italic>)”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>“Long. 15, diam. 7 mill.”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>The two specimens mentioned and figured by Breure (1974) have to be considered as lost, as—despite repetitive searches—they could not be re-found during our research.</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>)
<named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">pallidus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Preston, 1909</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"><xref rid="B105" ref-type="bibr">Preston 1909</xref>: 511, fig. 2.</named-content></p></list-item></list><sec sec-type="treatment-Type locality"><title>Type locality.</title><p>“Merida, Venezuela”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Label"><title>Label.</title><p>“Merida, Venezuela”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Dimensions"><title>Dimensions.</title><p>Not given. Figured specimen H 23.5, D 11.9, W 4.3+.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Type material"><title>Type material.</title><p>NHMUK 1914.4.3.41, lectotype (ex Preston).</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>This varietal name has been treated as unavailable under Art. 45.6 ICZN by <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett (2014</xref>: 96). Paul Callomon (pers. commun.) has suggested that this should be reconsidered and doubted if a lectotype of the nominal name already existed.</p><p><bold>Our opinion is as follows:</bold></p><list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><p>Preston undoubtedly had a series of specimens at hand when describing <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content></named-content>; both the wording “to be greatly variable” and “its principle forms” are indicative of this.</p></list-item><list-item><p><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979</xref>: 120) mentioned this taxon in his listing under <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Mesembrinus</named-content>)</named-content> Albers, 1850, and stated “HT BMNH 1914.4.3.38” [referring to a single specimen, thus qualifying Art. 74.6.1.2 jo. 74.3]; Art. 74.6 ICZN rules this statement as a lectotype designation. It should be noted, however, that Breure did not list the “var. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content></italic>” of Preston in his paper (cf. point d below).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Köhler (1997) also concluded that this taxon was described from several specimens but said “A holotype has not been designated. Therefore, the present specimen [ZMB 59597] is a syntype. Consequently, the specimen in the BMNH referred to as holotype by <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979)</xref> is a syntype”. Overlooking, as explained in the previous item, the lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 (see previous point).</p></list-item><list-item><p>Reconsidering the (un)availability under Art. 45.6, it is important to note that var. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content></italic> was proposed before 1961 and has to be treated as subspecific (see the contributions of Steve Lingafelter and Doug Yanega on the Taxacom listing, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://to.ly/zFZO">http://to.ly/zFZO</ext-link>). It may be noted that the only reference to this taxon after Preston’s publication is in <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Baker (1926</xref>: 44), who regarded it as a synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">granadensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1848 (see also <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson 1995</xref>: 133).</p></list-item><list-item><p>While <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content> is an available name, we concur with <xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">Baker (1926)</xref> and <xref rid="B114" ref-type="bibr">Richardson (1995)</xref> to consider this taxon as a synonym of the nominal form.</p></list-item></list><p>The specimen of var. <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="variety">pallidus</named-content></named-content></italic> in the NHMUK is now designated lectotype (<bold>design. n.</bold>) to fixate this synonymisation. The text in <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett (2014</xref>: 96), under ’Type material’, should be corrected as follows: “NHMUK 1914.3.38, lectotype; 1914.4.3.39–40, 42–43, four paralectotypes”.</p></sec><sec sec-type="treatment-Current systematic position"><title>Current systematic position.</title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Mesembrinus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content></named-content> (Preston, 1909).</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="VII. Corrigenda to part 3, Bulimulidae (Breure and Ablett 2014)"><title>VII. Corrigenda to part 3, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2014</xref>)</title><p>The ’Systematic list of taxa arranged in generic order’ on page 3–7 should be replaced by the following text:</p><sec sec-type="Family Bulimulidae Tryon, 1867"><title>Family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content> Tryon, 1867</title><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Auris</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Spix, 1827</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">swainsoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1845.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bostryx</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Troschel, 1847 sensu Breure 1979 (see also Breure 2012b)</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">acalles</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">affinis</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">agueroi</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aileenae</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">albicans</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">albicolor</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">albus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">andoicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">apodemeta</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">atacamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1856; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">balsanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cactorum</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ceratacme</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cercicola</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">Morelet 1863</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">compactus</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1902; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">conspersus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">coriaceus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">costatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">costifer</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">delumbis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">denickei</named-content></named-content></italic> J.E. Gray, 1852; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">depstus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">derelictus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">devians</named-content></named-content></italic> Dohrn, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">emaciatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">erosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ferrugineus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">glomeratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">guttatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hamiltoni</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">holostoma</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">huascensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">infundibulum</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">kathiae</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lactifluus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lesueureanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lichnorum</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">limensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">limonoica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">longinquus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">luridus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">mejillonensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">metagyra</named-content></named-content></italic> Pilsbry & Olsson, 1949; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">minor</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">modestus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">moniezi</named-content></named-content></italic> Dautzenberg, 1896; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">montagnei</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1837; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">mordani</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">multispira</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1904; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nigropileatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">obliquistriatus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">orophilus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">papillatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">paposensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1856; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">paucicostatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">philippii</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1842; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pictus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pruinosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pupiformis</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pustulosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">radiatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">reconditus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rehderi</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rhodolarynx</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rodriguezae</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1967; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rusticellus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">scabiosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">scalaricosta</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">scalariformis</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">serotinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">simpliculus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">spiculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">stenacme</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">terebralis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1842; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">torallyi</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tricinctus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tumidulus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1842; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">turritus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">umbilicaris</named-content></named-content></italic> Souleyet, 1842; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">veruculum</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1860; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">vilchezi</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">virgultorum</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">voithianus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">woodwardi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857.</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Leach, 1814</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">barbadensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cacticolus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dysoni</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">effeminatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">erectus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">haplochrous</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">heloica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ignavus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">inutilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">istapensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Crosse and Fischer, 1873; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">juvenilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">marcidus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">mollicellus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">monachus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">montevidensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nubeculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pervius</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pessulatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">petenensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1851; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pliculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rubrifasciatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sporadica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">transparens</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">turritella</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">vesicalis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Drymaeus</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">abruptus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Rolle, 1904; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">abscissus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">abyssorum</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aequatorianus</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">acervatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">acuminatus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">alabastrinus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">albolabiatus</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ambustus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">angustus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">antioquiensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">arcuatostriatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">auris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1866; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">baranguillanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bartletti</named-content></named-content></italic> H. Adams, 1867; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bellus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bogotensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bolivarii</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bolivianus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bourcieri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">brachysoma</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby III, 1895; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">canaliculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1845; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">castaneostrigatus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">caucaensis</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">chamaeleon</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">chimborasensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">chiriquensis</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">clathratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">coarctatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1845; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">confluens</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">convexus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cuticula</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cuzcoensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dacostae</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby III, 1892; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dombeyanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dunkeri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">elsteri</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">exoticus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">expatriatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fabrefactus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fallax</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">farrisi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">felix</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1862; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fenestratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">flexilabris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">flexuosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fucatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fusoides</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gealei</named-content></named-content></italic> H. Adams, 1867; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">geometricus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gueinzii</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hidalgoi</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">humboldtii</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hygrohylea</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">inclinatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1862; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">incognitus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">jansoni</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">josephus</named-content></named-content></italic> Angas, 1878; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">knorri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lamas</named-content></named-content></italic> Higgins, 1868; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lattrei</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">laxostylus</named-content></named-content></italic> Rolle, 1904; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lilacinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">linostoma</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lophoica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lucidus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">malleatus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">marmarina</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">murrinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">musivus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">napo</named-content></named-content></italic> Angas, 1878; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">notabilis</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">notatus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nystianus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ochrocheilus</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">orthostoma</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">patricius</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">perenensis</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pergracilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Rolle, 1904; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">phryne</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">plicatoliratus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">poecila</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ponsonbyi</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">praetextus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">protractus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pseudofusoides</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pulcherrimus</named-content></named-content></italic> H. Adams, 1867; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">punctatus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">quadrifasciatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Angas, 1878; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">recedens</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1864; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">regularis</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1905; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rosenbergi</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1900; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rubrovariegatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Higgins, 1868; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">saccatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">schmidti</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1854; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">scitulus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">scitus</named-content></named-content></italic> H. Adams, 1867; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">selli</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">serratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">smithii</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">solidus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">spadiceus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">spectatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">strigatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subhybridus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subinterruptus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subventricosus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1901; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sykesi</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tigrinus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">vespertinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">volsus</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">xanthostoma</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">yungasensis</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1837; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">zhorquinensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Angas, 1879; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ziczac</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1898; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">zoographica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Mesembrinus</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aestivus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">amandus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">andicola</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">apicepunctata</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1914; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">apiculata</named-content></named-content></italic> J.E. Gray, 1834; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">attenuatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aureolus</named-content></named-content></italic> Guppy, 1866; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aurifluus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">broadwayi</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1896; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bugabensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">californicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cancellata</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">castus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">championi</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">citronellus</named-content></named-content></italic> Angas, 1879; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">columbiensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1856; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">conicus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1907; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">demotus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">depictus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">deshayesi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1845; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">discrepans</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dubius</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dutaillyi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">electrum</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">erubescens</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">feriatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fidustus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">flavidulus</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">floridanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fuscobasis</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gabbi</named-content></named-content></italic> Angas, 1879; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gruneri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hachensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hepatostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hoffmanni</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hondurasanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">hypozonus</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">immaculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> C.B. Adams in Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">incarnatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">inglorius</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">interruptus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">inusitatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1900; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">iodostylus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">jonasi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pferiffer in Philippi, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">keppelli</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">koppeli</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby III, 1892; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">laetus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lascellianus</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1895; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lirinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1851; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lividus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">loxanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Higgins, 1872; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">loxensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lucidus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lusorius</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">manupictus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">meridanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">monilifer</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">moricandi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">moritinctus</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">mossi</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1896; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">moussoni</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">muliebris</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nigrofasciatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nitelinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nitidus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nubilus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1903; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pallidus</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">panamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pervariabilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">prestoni</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1906; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">primula</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">puellaris</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rawsonis</named-content></named-content></italic> H. Adams, 1873; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rectilinearis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">roseatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">signifer</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sisalensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sowerbyi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">studeri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subpellucidus</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1877; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sulcosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1841; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sulphureus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tenuilabris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1866; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">translucens</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">trimarianus</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens, 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">trinitarius</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1986; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tristis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tropicalis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">umbraticus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">varicosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">vincentinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">virginalis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1856; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">wintlei</named-content></named-content></italic> Finch, 1929.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Kuschelenia</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Hylton Scott, 1951</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">confusus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">culminea</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">edwardsi</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelt, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">gayi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">jussieui</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lithoica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">thamnoica</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">tupacii</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835.</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kuschelenia</named-content>(<named-content content-type="subgenus">Bocourtia</named-content>)
</named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Rochebrune, 1882</named-content><named-content content-type="taxon-status">(comb. n.)</named-content></p><sec sec-type="treatment-Remarks"><title>Remarks.</title><p>David Campbell (pers. commun.) kindly made us aware that the name <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vermiculatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978 is preceded by <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bocourtia</named-content></named-content></italic> Rochebrune, 1882. <xref rid="B115" ref-type="bibr">Rochebrune (1882</xref>: 117) described this genus from Thailand as a member of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Lymnaeidae</named-content></named-content>; the type species <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bocourtia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">lymnaeformis</named-content></named-content></italic> Rochebrune, 1882 was subsequently designated by <xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">Hubendick (1951</xref>: 114), but <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">Ancey (1906</xref>: 317) and <xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">Germain (1910</xref>: C.32) already recognised that this species was identical to <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">anthisanensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853. The name <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vermiculatu</named-content></named-content></italic> s Breure, 1978 (type species <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bicolor</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1835) is thus a subjective junior synonym of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bocourtia</named-content></named-content></italic> Rochebrune, 1882 (<bold>syn. n.</bold>). The following taxa are affected by this new classification (<bold>comb. n.</bold>):</p><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aequatorius</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">anthisanensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">aquilus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">badius</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">bicolor</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">caliginosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">coagulatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cotopaxiensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">filaris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nucinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ochraceus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">peaki</named-content></named-content></italic> Breure, 1978; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">petiti</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">polymorpha</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">purpuratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">quechuarum</named-content></named-content></italic> Crawford, 1939; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">subfasciatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853.</p></sec></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Naesiotus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850 sensu Breure 1979</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">achatellinus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Forbes, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">albemarlensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Dall, 1917; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">apertus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">catlowiae</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">chamayensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1967; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">chemnitzioides</named-content></named-content></italic> Forbes, 1850; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cinereus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">crepundia</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">curtus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reibisch, 1892; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">darwini</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">dentritis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">durangoanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Martens 1893; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">eschariferus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1838; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">exornatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fernandezae</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1958; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fontainii</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1838; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">fourmiersi</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1837; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">galapaganus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">irregularis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">jacobi</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lycodus</named-content></named-content></italic> Dall, 1917; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">montivaga</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">munsterii</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1837; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nucula</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nux</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip, 1832; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">orbignyi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pallidus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reibisch, 1892; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">paziana</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">perspectivus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">phlegonis</named-content></named-content></italic> Dall and Ochsner, 1928; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">quitensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rimatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rivasii</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1837; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rocayana</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rugiferus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">rugulosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sculpturatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sugillatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">terebra</named-content></named-content></italic> Reibisch, 1892; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">trichoda</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">unifasciatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ustulatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ventrosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reibisch, 1892; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">verrucosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">wolfi</named-content></named-content></italic> Reibisch, 1892.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Neopetraeus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Martens, 1885</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">altoperuvianus</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">atahualpa</named-content></named-content></italic> Dohrn, 1863; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">binneyanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cora</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">decussatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">excoriatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">lobbii</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">myristicus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">patasensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">platystomus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ptychostylus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Newboldius</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pilsbry, 1932</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">crichtoni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Broderip, 1836; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">illustris</named-content></named-content></italic> Rolle, 1905.</named-content></p></list-item><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Protoglyptus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pilsbry, 1897</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">martinicensis</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1846; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">pilosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Guppy, 1871; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">sanctaeluciae</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1889.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rabdotus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">juarezi</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1866; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">liquabilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">ragsdalei</named-content></named-content></italic> Pilsbry, 1890; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">schiedeanus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1841.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scutalus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Albers, 1850</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">baroni</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content></named-content></italic>) Fulton, 1896; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">baroni</named-content></named-content></italic> (<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content></named-content></italic>) Fulton, 1897; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">chiletensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1967; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">cretaceus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">grandiventris</named-content></named-content></italic> Weyrauch, 1960; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">latecolumellaris</named-content></named-content></italic> Preston, 1909; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">proteus</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">versicolor</named-content></named-content></italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="taxon-treatment"><sec-meta><kwd-group><label>Taxon classification</label><kwd><named-content content-type="kingdom">Animalia</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="order">Stylommatophora</named-content></kwd><kwd><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></kwd></kwd-group></sec-meta><title><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Stenostylus</named-content></named-content></title><p><named-content content-type="taxon-authority">Pilsbry, 1898</named-content></p><list list-type="simple" list-content="nomenclature-citation-list"><list-item><p content-type="nomenclature-citation"><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">meleagris</named-content></named-content><named-content content-type="comment"> Pfeiffer, 1853; <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="species">nigrolimbatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853.</named-content></p></list-item></list></sec><sec sec-type="Nomina inquirenda"><title>Nomina inquirenda</title><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic>clarus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857; <italic>dukinfieldi</italic> Melvill, 1900; <italic>gelidus</italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic>nivalis</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835; <italic>pallens</italic> Reeve, 1849; <italic>sowerbyi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 17: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">amandus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855:</bold> registration number should read 1975457.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 49: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Drymaeus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">conicus</named-content></named-content></italic> da Costa, 1907:</bold> registration number for paralectotype should read 1907.11.21.32.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 69: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">eschariferus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1838:</bold> Type material should read NHMUK 1975173, five possible syntypes (Cuming coll.).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 101: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jussieui</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846:</bold> Type material should read NHMUK 1975170, lectotype and one paralectotype (Cuming coll.).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 180: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sisalensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1849:</bold> Remarks should read <xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">Breure (1979</xref>: 123) erroneously mentioned “LT BMNH 1893.2.4.1655”; as the lectotype was already selected in <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">Breure 1975</xref>b: 1152, this specimen is now one of the paralectotypes. The current systematic position follows <xref rid="B134" ref-type="bibr">Thompson (2011</xref>: 120).</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 238: <bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gruneri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1846:</bold> figured specimen is not the lectotype but of paralectotype NHMUK 20100563/1.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;">p. 259, Fig. 45D–F: the figured specimen is not the lectotype but one of the pralectotypes.</styled-content></p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="VIII. Taxa excluded from the Orthalicoidea"><title>VIII. Taxa excluded from the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>.</title><p>This is additional to the taxa excluded in the previous papers (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2011</xref>, <xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">2012</xref>, <xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">2014</xref>).</p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cucullus</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B55" ref-type="bibr">Morelet 1849</xref>: 9.—Now placed in the family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Succineidae</named-content></named-content>.</styled-content></p><p><styled-content style="padding-left:40px; text-indent:-20px; display:block;"><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">glandiniformis</named-content></named-content></italic><xref rid="B131" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby III 1892</xref>: 297, pl. 23 figs 13–14.— Now placed in the family <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Subulinidae</named-content></named-content>.</styled-content></p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
</sec></sec></sec></body><back><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>This research received support from the SYNTHESYS Project (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.synthesys.info">http://www.synthesys.info</ext-link>) which is financed by European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 Integrating Activities Programme. For all their help during ASHB’s stay at the National History Museum, he is very much indebted to J. Pickering, Andreia Salvador and Kathie Way of the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="phylum">Mollusca</named-content></named-content> Section. A special word of thanks is due to staff of the NHMUK Photo Unit for handling the many requests for images (P. Crabb, P. Hurst, H. Taylor). Fred Naggs helped us with suggestions for non-Orthalicoid taxa. Paul Callomon and Gary Rosenberg (Philadelphia) commented on our previous paper, which has led us to add a reconsideration of one taxon. David Campbell (Boiling Springs) raised our awareness on a nomenclatural issue. Finally, the comments of Francisco Borrero and an anonymous reviewer has allowed us to improve this paper which concludes this series.</p></ack><sec sec-type="Plates"><title>Plates</title><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
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<fig id="F1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">taunaisii</named-content></named-content></italic> (Férussac, 1822), lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">achilles</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 NHMUK 1975268 (H = 58.0) <bold>iii–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">largillierti</named-content></named-content></italic> (Philippi, 1842), holotype <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">consimilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848 NHMUK 20030189 (H = 52.9) <bold>v–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), lectotype NHMUK 1975275 (H = 71.5).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36788.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2.</label><caption><p><bold>i–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Megaspira</named-content><named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content></italic> (Gould, 1847), paratype NHMUK 1987060 (H = 37.2). <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>v–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1853), lectotype NHMUK 1975274 (H = 92.0).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36789.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="F3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846), syntype NHMUK 1975126 (H = 57.0) <bold>iv–v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content></italic> (Higgins, 1872), syntype NHMUK 1872.5.22.6 (H = 92.0).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36790.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="F4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">insolitus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Preston, 1909), holotype NHMUK 1947.3.11.1 (H = 70.4) <bold>iv–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content></italic> (d’Orbigny, 1835), lectotype NHMUK 1854.12.4.116 (H = 75.4).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36791.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="F5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1855), lectotype NHMUK 1975244 (H = 81.5) <bold>iv–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1853), syntype NHMUK 1975125 (H = 71.3).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36792.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g005"></graphic></fig><fig id="F6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Grateloup, 1839), lectotype NHMUK 1907.11.22.24 (H = 78.0) <bold>iv–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1855), lectotype NHMUK 1975130 (H = 93.0).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36793.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g006"></graphic></fig><fig id="F7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 7.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1848), syntype NHMUK 20100508 (H = 46.6) <bold>iii–v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1863), lectotype NHMUK 1975143 (H = 30.5) <bold>vi–vii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Clathrorthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1854), lectotype NHMUK 1975242 (H = 64.0).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36794.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g007"></graphic></fig><fig id="F8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 8.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1848), lectotype NHMUK 1975464 (H = 71.0) <bold>iii–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">indentatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (da Costa, 1901), lectotype NHMUK 1907.11.21.115 (H = 44.0) <bold>v–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Kara</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Morelet, 1863), paralectotype NHMUK 1893.2.4.167 (H = 48.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36795.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g008"></graphic></fig><fig id="F9" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 9.</label><caption><p><bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pfeifferi</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">gracilis</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1902, holotype NHMUK 1902.5.27.4 (H = 67.3) <bold>iii</bold> ?<italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Naesiotus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Fulton, 1907), lectotype NHMUK 1907.5.3.163 (H = 29.2) <bold>iv–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Liguus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">murreus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), syntype NHMUK 1975482 (H = 38.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36796.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g009"></graphic></fig><fig id="F10" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 10.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), lectotype NHMUK 1975148 (H = 35.5) <bold>v–vii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></italic> (d’Orbigny, 1835), lectotype NHMUK 1854.12.4.117 (H = 51.9).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36797.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g010"></graphic></fig><fig id="F11" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 11.</label><caption><p><bold>i–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Scholvienia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyrius</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1847), lectotype NHMUK 1975277 (H = 51.5) <bold>v–vii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), possible syntype NHMUK 1975582 (H = 66.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36798.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g011"></graphic></fig><fig id="F12" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 12.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), lectotype NHMUK 20140082 (H = 56.9) <bold>iii–v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1860), syntype NHMUK 20140081 (H = 54.8).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36799.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g012"></graphic></fig><fig id="F13" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 13.</label><caption><p><bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Quechua</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> (Sowerby III, 1890), lectotype NHMUK 1907.11.21.118 (H = 69.9) <bold>iii–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>iii–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phlogerus</named-content></named-content></italic> (d’Orbigny, 1835), syntype NHMUK 1854.12.4.86 (H = 59.8) <bold>v–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mars</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1861), syntype NHMUK 20100504 (H = 76.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36800.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g013"></graphic></fig><fig id="F14" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 14.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">approximata</named-content></named-content> Fulton, 1896, syntype NHMUK 1895.12.19.44 (H = 65.7) <bold>iii–v</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1853), lectotype NHMUK 20100506 (H = 72.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36801.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g014"></graphic></fig><fig id="F15" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 15.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">irrorata</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1849), syntype NHMUK 1975248 (H = 77.0) <bold>iii–v</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">saturnus</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1860), syntype NHMUK 20140080 (H = 75.8).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36802.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g015"></graphic></fig><fig id="F16" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 16.</label><caption><p><bold>i–iv</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Oxyorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content> (da Costa, 1898), lectotype NHMUK 1907.11.21.114 (H = 62.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36803.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g016"></graphic></fig><fig id="F17" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 17.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Methorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">powisiana</named-content></named-content> (Petit de la Saussaye, 1843), holotype of <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">powissianus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">niveus</named-content></named-content> Preston, 1909 NHMUK 1909.8.18.85 (H = 65.2) <bold>iii–iv</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Sultana</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855), syntype NHMUK 20100505 (H = 84.9).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36804.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g017"></graphic></fig><fig id="F18" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 18.</label><caption><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1859). <bold>i–ii</bold> Lectotype NHMUK 19601622 (H = 64.7) <bold>iii–iv</bold> Lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gloriosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1862 NHMUK 1975243 (H = 75.2).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36805.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g018"></graphic></fig><fig id="F19" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 19.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1858), lectotype NHMUK 20140083 (H = 88.9) <bold>iii–iv</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">kellettii</named-content></named-content> (Reeve, 1850), lectotype NHMUK 1975241 (H = 61.2).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36806.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g019"></graphic></fig><fig id="F20" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 20.</label><caption><p><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Sultana</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Metorthalicus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">yatesi</named-content></named-content> (Pfeiffer, 1855) <bold>i–ii</bold> Holotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vicaria</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1896 NHMUK 20100507 (H = 82.2) <bold>iii–iv</bold> Lectotype NHMUK 1975239/1 (H 84.3).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36807.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g020"></graphic></fig><fig id="F21" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 21.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1857), lectotype NHMUK 1975491 (H = 22.2) <bold>iv–v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), syntype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jeffreysi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1852 NHMUK 20110083 (H = 20.4) <bold>vi–viii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1861), lectotype NHMUK 1975501 (H = 20.1).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36808.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g021"></graphic></fig><fig id="F22" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 22.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), lectotype NHMUK 1975493 (H = 22.7) <bold>iv–v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">perlucidus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Spix, 1827), probable syntype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">opalinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833 NHMUK 1975442 (H 27.8) <bold>vi–viii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1857), lectotype NHMUK 1975398 (H = 24.7).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36809.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g022"></graphic></fig><fig id="F23" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 23.</label><caption><p><bold>i–ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Leiostracus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">subtuszonatus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pilsbry, 1899), probable paralectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">onager</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848 NHMUK 20130094 (H = 29.0) <bold>iii–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>iii–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">constrictus</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1841), lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyaloideus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 NHMUK 1975412 (H = 20.6) <bold>v–vi</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Rhinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content></italic> (Reeve, 1849), lectotype NHMUK 1975416 (H = 20.1).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36810.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g023"></graphic></fig><fig id="F24" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 24.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">corrugata</named-content></named-content> Guppy, 1866, syntype NHMUK 1866.1.3.7 (H = 9.27) <bold>iii–vi</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1861, lectotype NHMUK 1975486 (H = 14.1).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36811.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g024"></graphic></fig><fig id="F25" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 25.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">gomesae</named-content></named-content> da Silva & Thomé, 2006, paratype (H = 6.46) <bold>iv–vii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">decussata</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1857, lectotype NHMUK 1975488 (H = 14.3).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36812.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g025"></graphic></fig><fig id="F26" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 26.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">rufovirens</named-content></named-content> (Moricand, 1846), lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vitrina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 NHMUK 1975485 (H = 11.1) <bold>iv–vi</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">simula</named-content></named-content> (Morelet, 1851), syntype NHMUK 1893.2.4.1128 (H = 8.26).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36813.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g026"></graphic></fig><fig id="F27" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 27.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1861, syntype NHMUK 1975229 (H = 8.98) <bold>iv–vi</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">miersi</named-content></named-content> Pfeiffer, 1857, lectotype NHMUK 1975489 (H = 20.6).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36814.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g027"></graphic></fig><fig id="F28" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 28.</label><caption><p><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content></named-content></italic> species. <bold>i–iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">citrinovitrea</named-content></named-content> (Moricand, 1836), syntype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 NHMUK 1975330 (H = 15.0) <bold>iv–vi</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eudioptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content> Ancey (1904), paralectotype NHMUK 1905.12.30.12 (H = 20.5).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36815.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g028"></graphic></fig><fig id="F29" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 29.</label><caption><p><bold>i–ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Simpulopsis</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">vincentina</named-content></named-content> E.A. Smith, 1895, holotype NHMUK 1895.6.17.458 (H = 11.4) <bold>iii–iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Thaumastus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content></italic> (Pfeiffer, 1853), lectotype NHMUK 1975301 (H = 62.0).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36816.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g029"></graphic></fig><fig id="F30" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 30.</label><caption><p><bold>i–v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Spixia</named-content><named-content content-type="species">striata</named-content></named-content></italic> (Spix, 1827), lectotype of <italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content><named-content content-type="species">spixii</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">major</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1837 NHMUK 1854.12.4.230 (H = 34.8) <bold>v</bold> apical whorls (scale line = 5 mm).</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36817.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g030"></graphic></fig><fig id="F31" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L1.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">achilles</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">aenea</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">alutaceus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">approximata</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1896.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36818.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g031"></graphic></fig><fig id="F32" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L2.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ascendens</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bensoni</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">bifulguratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36819.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g032"></graphic></fig><fig id="F33" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L3.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">boucardi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1860 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">brephoides</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835 <bold>iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">buckleyi</named-content></named-content> Higgins, 1872.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36820.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g033"></graphic></fig><fig id="F34" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L4.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">clouei</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">consimilis</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1848.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36821.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g034"></graphic></fig><fig id="F35" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L5.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">corrugatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Guppy, 1866 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">cumingi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">deburghiae</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1859 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">decussata</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36822.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g035"></graphic></fig><fig id="F36" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L6.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Protoglyptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">dejectus</named-content></named-content> Fulton, 1907 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">demerarensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861 <bold>iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Pupa</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Megaspira</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">elata</named-content></named-content> Gould, 1847 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimulus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ephippium</named-content></named-content></italic> Ancey, 1904.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36823.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g036"></graphic></fig><fig id="F37" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L7.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">foveolatus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Corona</named-content><named-content content-type="species">pfeifferi</named-content><named-content content-type="subspecies">gracilis</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. Smith, 1902 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">fraseri</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1858 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">gloriosus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1862.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36824.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g037"></graphic></fig><fig id="F38" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L8.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hartwegi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">hyaloideus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">inca</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36825.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g038"></graphic></fig><fig id="F39" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L9.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Dryptus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">indentatus</named-content></named-content> da Costa, 1901 <bold>ii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Thaumastus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">insolitus</named-content></named-content> Preston, 1909.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36826.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g039"></graphic></fig><fig id="F40" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L10.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">integer</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 185<bold>5 ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">iris</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">irroratus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36827.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g040"></graphic></fig><fig id="F41" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L11.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">jeffreysi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1852 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">kelletti</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1850 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">loxostomus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnifica</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1848.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36828.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g041"></graphic></fig><fig id="F42" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L12.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">magnificus</named-content></named-content></italic> Grateloup, 1839 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">marmatensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36829.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g042"></graphic></fig><fig id="F43" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L13.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">mars</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1861 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">meobambensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulopsis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miersi</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36830.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g043"></graphic></fig><fig id="F44" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L14.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">miliola</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Achatina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">murrea</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849 <bold>iii</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Orthalicus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">powissianus</named-content><named-content content-type="infraspecific-rank">var.</named-content><named-content content-type="variety">niveus</named-content></named-content> Preston, 1909 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">obliquus</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36831.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g044"></graphic></fig><fig id="F45" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L15.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulinus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">opalinus</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby I, 1833 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">ovulum</named-content></named-content></italic> Reeve, 1849 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phlogera</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">phoebus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1863 <bold>v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Helix</named-content><named-content content-type="species">progastor</named-content></named-content></italic> d’Orbigny, 1835.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36832.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g045"></graphic></fig><fig id="F46" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L16.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">plumbeus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1855 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">requieni</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">porphyrius</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1847 <bold>iv</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Vitrina</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salomonia</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1853 <bold>v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">sarcochilus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1857.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36833.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g046"></graphic></fig><fig id="F47" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L17.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">salteri</named-content></named-content></italic> Sowerby III, 1890 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">simulus</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1851 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">thompsonii</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1845 <bold>iv</bold><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Strophocheilus</named-content> (<named-content content-type="subgenus">Eurytus</named-content>) <named-content content-type="species">subirroratus</named-content></named-content> da Costa, 1898 <bold>v</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">saturnus</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1860.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36834.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g047"></graphic></fig><fig id="F48" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L18.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Porphyrobaphe</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vicaria</named-content></named-content></italic> Fulton, 1896 <bold>ii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">yanamensis</named-content></named-content></italic> Morelet, 1863 <bold>iii</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Bulimus</named-content><named-content content-type="species">victor</named-content></named-content></italic> Pfeiffer, 1854.</p></caption><graphic id="oo_36835.jpg" xlink:href="zookeys-470-017-g048"></graphic></fig><fig id="F49" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure L19.</label><caption><p><bold>i</bold><italic><named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="genus">Simpulosis</named-content><named-content content-type="species">vincentina</named-content></named-content></italic> E.A. 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</ref-list><app-group><app id="APP1"><title>Appendix</title><p>List of taxa for which <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content> types are extant, or discussed, in the NHMUK collection</p><p><bold>Remarks.</bold> This list has been compiled from I: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Amphibulimidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2011</xref>); II: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bothriembryontidae</named-content></named-content> and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Odontostomidae</named-content></named-content> (<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">Breure and Ablett 2012</xref>); III: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Bulimulidae</named-content></named-content> (Breure and Ablett, 2014); IV: <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Megaspiridae</named-content></named-content>, <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Orthalicidae</named-content></named-content>, and <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="family">Simpulopsidae</named-content></named-content> (this paper). A black star (♦) indicates a <italic>nomen inquirendum</italic>, an asterisk (*) denotes taxa now excluded from the <named-content content-type="taxon-name"><named-content content-type="superfamily">Orthalicoidea</named-content></named-content>, a curved stem sign (¶) is type material not located but previously known to be present; with a dagger (†) taxa are indicated for which type material was expected but not found, and a pilcrow sign (¶) is used for taxa of which material is not (or no longer) considered to be type specimens. Finally, a reference mark (※) indicate the taxa treated otherwise in the text, e.g. as junior or senior synonym.</p><p><italic>abruptus</italic> Rolle, 1904—III, 7</p><p><italic>abscissus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 8</p><p><italic>abyssorum</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 9; ※III, 91</p><p><italic>acalles</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 9</p><p><italic>acervatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 10</p><p><italic>achatellinus</italic> Forbes, 1850—III, 10</p><p><italic>achilles</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—IV, 5</p><p><italic>acuminatus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 11</p><p><italic>adamsonii</italic> J.E. Gray, 1834†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>adoptus</italic> Reeve, 1849—I, 14</p><p><italic>aenea</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—IV, 5</p><p><italic>aequatorianus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 11; IV, 50</p><p><italic>aequatorius</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 11</p><p><italic>aestivus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 12</p><p><italic>affinis</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—III, 12</p><p><italic>agueroi</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 13</p><p><italic>aileenae</italic> Breure, 1978—III, 13</p><p><italic>alauda</italic> Hupé, 1857—※III, 193</p><p><italic>alba</italic> Crosse, 1874—II, 5</p><p><italic>alba</italic> Sowerby I in J.E. <xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">Gray and Sowerby I 1839</xref>†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>alabastrinus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 14</p><p><italic>albemarlensis</italic> Dall, 1917—III, 14</p><p><italic>albicans</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—III, 15</p><p><italic>albicolor</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 15</p><p><italic>albolabiatus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 16</p><p><italic>albus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 16</p><p><italic>alexander</italic> Crosse, 1855—※II, 27</p><p><italic>altoperuvianus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 17</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>alutaceus</italic> Reeve, 1849—IV, 6</p><p><italic>amandus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 17; IV, 51</p><p><italic>ambagiosus</italic> Suter, 1906—※II, 32</p><p><italic>ambustus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 18; ※III, 41</p><p><italic>andicola</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—III, 18</p><p><italic>andoicus</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 18</p><p><italic>angasianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1864—II, 5</p><p><italic>angrandianus</italic> Pilsbry, 1897♦—※III, 164</p><p><italic>angustus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 19</p><p><italic>anthisanensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 19; ※III, 186; IV, 50</p><p><italic>antioquensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 20</p><p><italic>apertus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 20</p><p><italic>apicepunctata</italic> Preston, 1914—III, 21</p><p><italic>apiculatus</italic> J.E. Gray, 1834—III, 21</p><p><italic>apodemeta</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 22; ※III, 148</p><p><italic>appendiculata</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—I, 15</p><p><italic>approximata</italic> Fulton, 1896—IV, 6</p><p><italic>aquilus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 22; IV, 50</p><p><italic>arcuatostriatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 23</p><p><italic>ascendens</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—IV, 7</p><p><italic>asopeus</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 6</p><p><italic>atacamensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1856—III, 23</p><p><italic>atahualpa</italic> Dohrn, 1863—III, 24</p><p><italic>attenuatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 24</p><p><italic>atramentaria</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>aulacostylus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>aureolus</italic> Guppy, 1866—III, 25</p><p><italic>aurifluus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 25</p><p><italic>auriformis</italic> da Costa, 1904—I, 16</p><p><italic>auris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1866—III, 26</p><p><italic>aurissciuri</italic> Guppy, 1866—I, 16</p><p><italic>backhuysi</italic> Delsaerdt, 2010—II, 6</p><p><italic>badius</italic> Sowerby, 1835—III, 26; IV, 50</p><p><italic>bairdii</italic> Reeve, 1848—II, 6</p><p><italic>balsanus</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 27</p><p><italic>baranguillanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—※III, 20; III, 27</p><p><italic>barbadensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 28</p><p><italic>baroni</italic> (<italic>Helix</italic>) Fulton, 1896—III, 28</p><p><italic>baroni</italic> (<italic>Bulimulus</italic>) Fulton, 1897—III, 29</p><p><italic>bartletti</italic> H. Adams, 1867—III, 29</p><p><italic>bellus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 30</p><p><italic>bensoni</italic> Reeve, 1849—IV, 7</p><p><italic>bicolor</italic> Sowerby I, 1835—※III, 27; III, 30; ※III, 155; IV, 50</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>bifulguratus</italic> Reeve, 1849—IV, 8</p><p><italic>bilabiatus</italic> Broderip and Sowerby I, 1829†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>bilineatus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>binneyanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 31</p><p><italic>binominis</italic> E.A. Smith, 1895—※III, 106</p><p><italic>bivittatus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—※III, 77; IV, 41</p><p><italic>blainvilleanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>blandi</italic> Pilsbry, 1897—※III, 30</p><p><italic>bogotensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 31</p><p><italic>bolivarii</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 32</p><p><italic>bolivianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 32</p><p><italic>bolivianus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>bonariensis</italic> Rafinesque, 1833—※III, 124</p><p><italic>boucardi</italic> da Costa, 1907—III, 33</p><p><italic>boucardi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1860—IV, 8</p><p><italic>bourcieri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 33</p><p><italic>bowkeri</italic> Sowerby III, 1890—II, 7</p><p><italic>brachysoma</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 34</p><p><italic>brazieri</italic> Angas, 1871—II, 7</p><p><italic>brephoides</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—IV, 9</p><p><italic>broadwayi</italic> E.A. Smith, 1896—III, 34</p><p><italic>broderipii</italic> Sowerby I, 1832—II, 8; ※II, 16; ※II, 17; ※II, 35; ※II, 43</p><p><italic>bruggeni</italic> Breure, 1978—I, 17</p><p><italic>brunneum</italic> Verdcourt, 1991—II, 8</p><p><italic>buckleyi</italic> Higgins, 1872—IV, 9</p><p><italic>buckleyi</italic> Sowerby III, 1895—III, 35</p><p><italic>bugabensis</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 35</p><p><italic>bulbulus</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 9</p><p><italic>cacticolus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 36</p><p><italic>cactivorus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—※III, 133; IV, 41</p><p><italic>cactorum</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 36</p><p><italic>caledonicus</italic> Petit de la Saussaye, 1845—※II, 16</p><p><italic>californicus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 37</p><p><italic>caliginosus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 37; IV, 50</p><p><italic>calus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1891—II, 9</p><p><italic>canaliculatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—III, 37</p><p><italic>cancellata</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 38</p><p><italic>cantatus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>cardinalis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>carinatum</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—II, 10</p><p><italic>castaneostrigatus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 38</p><p><italic>castaneus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—I, 17</p><p><italic>castelnaui</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857†—IV, 41</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>castrensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>castus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—III, 39</p><p><italic>catharinae</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—II, 10</p><p><italic>cathcartiae</italic> Reeve, 1848—I, 17</p><p><italic>catlowiae</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 39</p><p><italic>caucaensis</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 40</p><p><italic>ceratacme</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 40</p><p><italic>cercicola</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 40</p><p><italic>chacoensis</italic> Preston, 1907†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>chamaeleon</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 41</p><p><italic>chamayensis</italic> Weyrauch, 1967—III, 41</p><p><italic>championi</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 42</p><p><italic>charpentieri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1850—II, 10</p><p><italic>chemnitzioides</italic> Forbes, 1850—III, 42</p><p><italic>chiletensis</italic> Weyrauch, 1967—III, 43</p><p><italic>chimborasensis</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 43</p><p><italic>chiriquensis</italic> da Costa, 1901—III, 43</p><p><italic>chrysostoma</italic> Moricand, 1836—※III, 190</p><p><italic>cinereus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 44</p><p><italic>citrinovitrea</italic> Moricand, 1836—※IV, 24</p><p><italic>citronellus</italic> Angas, 1879—III, 44</p><p><italic>clarus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 45</p><p><italic>clathratus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—III, 45</p><p><italic>clouei</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—IV, 10</p><p><italic>coagulatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 46; IV, 50</p><p><italic>coarctatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—III, 46</p><p><italic>coerulescens</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>coloratus</italic> Nyst, 1845※—I, 23</p><p><italic>columbianus</italic> Lea, 1838—※III, 84; ※III, 86</p><p><italic>columbiensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 47</p><p><italic>columellaris</italic> Reeve, 1849†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>compactus</italic> Fulton, 1902—III, 47</p><p><italic>confinus</italic> Reeve, 1850†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>confluens</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 48</p><p><italic>confusus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 48</p><p><italic>conicus</italic> da Costa, 1907—III, 49; IV, 51</p><p><italic>coniformis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847†—IV, 41</p><p><italic>consimilis</italic> Reeve, 1848—IV, 10</p><p><italic>conspersus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 49</p><p><italic>constrictus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1841—※IV, 18</p><p><italic>constrictus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, #42</p><p><italic>contortuplicatus</italic> Reeve, 1850†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>convexus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 50; ※III, 153</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>coquimbensis</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>cora</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 50</p><p><italic>corderoi</italic> Klappenbach, 1958—II, 11</p><p><italic>coriaceus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 51</p><p><italic>corneus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—※III, 135; IV, 42</p><p><italic>corpulentus</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 11</p><p><italic>corrugatus</italic> Guppy, 1866—IV, 10</p><p><italic>corrugatus</italic> King in <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">King and Broderip 1831</xref>†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>corticosus</italic> Sowerby III, 1895—I, 18</p><p><italic>costatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—II, 12</p><p><italic>costatus</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 51</p><p><italic>costifer</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 51</p><p><italic>cotopaxiensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 52; IV, 50</p><p><italic>coturnix</italic> Sowerby I, 1832—II, 12</p><p><italic>crassilabrum</italic> Garrett, 1872—II, 12</p><p><italic>crepundia</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 52</p><p><italic>cretaceus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—※III, 29; III, 53</p><p><italic>crichtoni</italic> Broderip, 1836—III, 54; ※III, 93</p><p><italic>cucullus</italic> Morelet, 1849*—IV, 51</p><p><italic>culminea</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—※III, 49; III, 54; ※III, 101; ※III, 111</p><p><italic>cumingi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—IV, 11</p><p><italic>cumingii</italic> ‘Newcomb’ Pfeiffer, 1849—II, 13</p><p><italic>cuninculinsulae</italic> Cox, 1872—II, 13</p><p><italic>curianianus</italic> Reeve, 1849†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>curtus</italic> Reibisch, 1892—III, 55</p><p><italic>cuticula</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 55</p><p><italic>cuzcoensis</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 56</p><p><italic>cylindricus</italic> Fulton, 1907—II, 14</p><p><italic>dacostae</italic> Sowerby III, 1892—III, 56</p><p><italic>darwini</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 56</p><p><italic>dealbatus</italic> Say, 1821—※III, 110; ※III, 165</p><p><italic>deburghiae</italic> Reeve, 1859—IV, 12; ※IV, 16</p><p><italic>decoloratus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>decussata</italic> Pfeiffer, 1856—IV, 12</p><p><italic>decussatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 57; ※III, 130</p><p><italic>dejectus</italic> Fulton, 1907♦—IV, 38</p><p><italic>delumbis</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 57</p><p><italic>demerarensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—IV, 13</p><p><italic>demotus</italic> Reeve, 1850—III, 58</p><p><italic>denickei</italic> J.E. Gray, 1852—III, 58</p><p><italic>dennisoni</italic> Reeve, 1848¶—IV, 39</p><p><italic>dentata</italic> Wood, 1828—II, 14</p><p><italic>dentritis</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 59</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>depictus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 59</p><p><italic>depstus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 60</p><p><italic>derelictus</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 60</p><p><italic>deshayesi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—III, 61</p><p><italic>devians</italic> Dohrn, 1863—III, 61</p><p><italic>diaphanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855¶—IV, 45</p><p><italic>dillwynianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—I, 18</p><p><italic>discrepans</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 62</p><p><italic>dissimulans</italic> Preston, 1909—I, 19</p><p><italic>doliarius</italic> da Costa, 1898—I, 19</p><p><italic>dombeyanus</italic> ‘Férussac’ Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 62</p><p><italic>draparnaudi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>droueti</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>dubius</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 62</p><p><italic>dukinfieldi</italic> Melvill, 1900♦—III, 63</p><p><italic>dunkeri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 64</p><p><italic>durangoanus</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 64</p><p><italic>dutaillyi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 65</p><p><italic>dux</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—II, 15</p><p><italic>dysoni</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 65</p><p><italic>eddystonensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—II, 15</p><p><italic>edwardsi</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 65</p><p><italic>edwardsianus</italic> Gassies, 1863—II, 16</p><p><italic>effeminatus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 66</p><p><italic>eganus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>elaeodes</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—I, 46</p><p><italic>elata</italic> Gould, 1847—IV, 13</p><p><italic>electrum</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 66</p><p><italic>elegans</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842—II, 16</p><p><italic>elongata</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—II, 17</p><p><italic>elongatus</italic> Röding, 1789—※III, 22</p><p><italic>elsteri</italic> da Costa, 1901—III, 67</p><p><italic>emaciatus</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 67</p><p><italic>emeus</italic> Say, 1830—※III, 92</p><p><italic>ephippium</italic> Ancey, 1904—IV, 14</p><p><italic>episcopalis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—I, 20</p><p><italic>erectus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 68</p><p><italic>eros</italic> Angas, 1878—I, 20</p><p><italic>erosus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—III, 68</p><p><italic>erubescens</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—III, 69</p><p><italic>erythrostoma</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>eschariferus</italic> Sowerby I, 1838—III, 69; IV, 51</p><p><italic>euryomphalus</italic> Jonas, 1844※—I, 27</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>excoriatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 70</p><p><italic>exornatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 70</p><p><italic>exoticus</italic> da Costa, 1901—III, 70</p><p><italic>expansus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—※III, 177</p><p><italic>expatriatus</italic> Preston, 1909—III, 71</p><p><italic>fabrefactus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 71</p><p><italic>falcicula</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 17</p><p><italic>fallax</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 72</p><p><italic>farrisi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—III, 72</p><p><italic>felix</italic> Pfeiffer, 1862—III, 73; IV, 51</p><p><italic>fenestratus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 73</p><p><italic>fenestrellus</italic> Martens, 1864—※III, 82</p><p><italic>feriatus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 74</p><p><italic>fernandezae</italic> Weyrauch, 1958—III, 74</p><p><italic>ferrugineus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 75</p><p><italic>fibratus</italic> Martyn, 1784—※II, 6; ※II, 7; ※II, 8; ※II, 17; ※II, 30; ※II,41</p><p><italic>fidustus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 75</p><p><italic>filaris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 76; IV, 50</p><p><italic>flavescens</italic> King in <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">King and Broderip 1831</xref>†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>flavidulus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 76</p><p><italic>flexilabris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 76</p><p><italic>flexuosus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 77</p><p><italic>floridanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 77</p><p><italic>fontainii</italic> d’Orbigny, 1838—III, 78</p><p><italic>fourmiersi</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—III, 78</p><p><italic>foveolatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—IV, 14</p><p><italic>foxi</italic> Clench, 1950—II, 18</p><p><italic>fraseri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—IV, 15</p><p><italic>fucatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 79</p><p><italic>fuligineus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—II, 18</p><p><italic>funckii</italic> Nyst, 1843—※I, 14</p><p><italic>fuscagula</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—II, 19</p><p><italic>fuscobasis</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 79</p><p><italic>fuscus</italic> Guilding, 1828—※III, 28</p><p><italic>fusiformis</italic> Menke, 1828—※II, 10</p><p><italic>fusoides</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 80</p><p><italic>gabbi</italic> Angas, 1879—III, 80</p><p><italic>galapaganus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 81</p><p><italic>gargantua</italic> Férussac, 1821—※II, 30</p><p><italic>gatopensis</italic> Crosse, 1870—II, 19</p><p><italic>gayi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 81; ※III, 193</p><p><italic>gealei</italic> H. Adams, 1867—III, 82</p><p><italic>gelidus</italic> Reeve, 1849♦—III, 82</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>geometricus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 83</p><p><italic>glandiniformis</italic> Sowerby III, 1892*—IV, 51</p><p><italic>glomeratus</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 83</p><p><italic>gloriosus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1862—IV, 15</p><p><italic>gomesae</italic> da Silva & Thomé, 2006—IV, 16</p><p><italic>goroensis</italic> Souverbie, 1870—※II, 20</p><p><italic>gracilis</italic> E.A. Smith, 1902—IV, 16</p><p><italic>grammica</italic> Crosse, 1870—II, 20</p><p><italic>granadensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—※III, 58; ※III, 93; ※III, 112</p><p><italic>grandiventris</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 84</p><p><italic>granulosus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>gravesii</italic> King in <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">King and Broderip 1831</xref>†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>grayanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—II, 20</p><p><italic>grenadensis</italic> Guppy, 1868†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>gruneri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 84</p><p><italic>guadalupensis</italic> Bruguière, 1789—※III, 171</p><p><italic>guarani</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—II, 20</p><p><italic>gueinzii</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 85</p><p><italic>guentheri</italic> Sowerby III, 1892†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>guerini</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—I, 21</p><p><italic>guestieri</italic> Gassies, 1869—※II, 19; ※II, 22; ※II, 32</p><p><italic>guppyi</italic> E.A. Smith, 1891—II, 21</p><p><italic>guttatus</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 85</p><p><italic>guttula</italic> Pfeiffer, 1854†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>haasi</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—※III, 121</p><p><italic>habeli</italic> Dall, 1892—※III, 191</p><p><italic>hachensis</italic> Reeve, 1850—III, 86</p><p><italic>hamiltoni</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 86</p><p><italic>haplochrous</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 87</p><p><italic>hargravesi</italic> Cox, 1871—II, 21</p><p><italic>hartwegi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—IV, 17</p><p><italic>hegewischi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>heloica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 87</p><p><italic>hennahi</italic> J.E. Gray, 1828†—※III, 36; IV, 42</p><p><italic>hepatostomus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—III, 88</p><p><italic>hidalgoi</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 88</p><p><italic>hoffmanni</italic> Martens, 1893—※III, 38</p><p><italic>holostoma</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 89</p><p><italic>hondurasanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 89</p><p><italic>huascensis</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 90</p><p><italic>humboldtii</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 90</p><p><italic>hyaloideus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—IV, 17</p><p><italic>hyematus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 42</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>hygrohylaea</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 91</p><p><italic>hypozonus</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 91</p><p><italic>ictericus</italic> Martens, 1893†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>ignavus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 92</p><p><italic>illustris</italic> Rolle, 1904—III, 92</p><p><italic>imeldae</italic> Weyrauch, 1958—※III, 54</p><p><italic>immaculatus</italic> C.B. Adams in Reeve, 1850—III, 93</p><p><italic>imperfectus</italic> Guppy, 1866—※III, 197</p><p><italic>inca</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—IV, 18</p><p><italic>inaequalis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>incarnatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 93</p><p><italic>inclinatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1862—III, 94</p><p><italic>incognita</italic> da Costa, 1907—III, 94</p><p><italic>incrassatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 94</p><p><italic>indentatus</italic> da Costa, 1901—IV, 18</p><p><italic>inermis</italic> Morelet, 1851*—III, 214</p><p><italic>inflatus</italic> Broderip, 1836†—IV, 42</p><p><italic>infundibulum</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 22</p><p><italic>infundibulum</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 95</p><p><italic>inglorius</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 95</p><p><italic>insolitus</italic> Preston, 1909—IV, 19</p><p><italic>integer</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—IV, 19</p><p><italic>interruptus</italic> Preston, 1909—III, 96; ※IV, 42</p><p><italic>inusitatus</italic> Fulton, 1900—III, 96</p><p><italic>inutilis</italic> Reeve, 1850—III, 97</p><p><italic>iodostylus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—III, 97</p><p><italic>iostoma</italic> Sowerby I, 1824†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>iris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—IV, 20</p><p><italic>irregularis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—III, 98</p><p><italic>irroratus</italic> Reeve, 1849—IV, 20</p><p><italic>ischnus</italic> Pilsbry, 1902—※III, 192</p><p><italic>istapensis</italic> Crosse & Fischer, 1873—III, 98</p><p><italic>jacobi</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 99; ※III, 142</p><p><italic>janeirensis</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>jansoni</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 99</p><p><italic>jeffreysi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1852—IV, 21</p><p><italic>jonasi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 100</p><p><italic>josephus</italic> Angas, 1878—III, 100</p><p><italic>juarezi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1866—III, 101</p><p><italic>jubeus</italic> Fulton, 1908—I, 21</p><p><italic>jucundus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>jussieui</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 101; IV, 51</p><p><italic>juvenilis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 102</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>kathiae</italic> Breure, 1978—III, 102</p><p><italic>kelletti</italic> Reeve, 1850—IV, 21</p><p><italic>keppelli</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 102</p><p><italic>kingii</italic> J.E. Gray, 1825—II, 22</p><p><italic>knorri</italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846—III, 103</p><p><italic>koppeli</italic> Sowerby III, 1892—III, 103</p><p><italic>koroensis</italic> Garrett, 1872—II, 23</p><p><italic>kreftii</italic> Cox, 1872—II, 23</p><p><italic>labeo</italic> Broderip, 1828†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>labeo</italic> Reeve, 1848—※IV, 35</p><p><italic>lacerta</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—I, 22</p><p><italic>lactifluus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 104</p><p><italic>laetus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 104</p><p><italic>lamarckianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—I, 23</p><p><italic>lamas</italic> Higgins, 1868—III, 105</p><p><italic>largillierti</italic> Philippi, 1842—※IV, 10</p><p><italic>lascellianus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1895—III, 105</p><p><italic>latecolumellaris</italic> Preston, 1909—III, 106</p><p><italic>latilabris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—I, 23</p><p><italic>lattrei</italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846—III, 106</p><p><italic>laurentii</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>laxostylus</italic> Rolle, 1904—III, 107</p><p><italic>leeuwinensis</italic> E.A. Smith, 1894—II, 24</p><p><italic>lesueureanus</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 107</p><p><italic>lichnorum</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 108</p><p><italic>lilacinus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 108; ※III, 144</p><p><italic>limensis</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 109</p><p><italic>limonoica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 109</p><p><italic>lindeni</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>linostoma</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 110</p><p><italic>linterae</italic> Sowerby III, 1890—I, 24</p><p><italic>liquabilis</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 110</p><p><italic>lirinus</italic> Morelet, 1851—III, 111</p><p><italic>listeri</italic> Wood, 1828†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>lithoica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 111</p><p><italic>lividus</italic> Reeve, 1850—III, 112</p><p><italic>lobbii</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 112; ※III, 159</p><p><italic>longinquus</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 112</p><p><italic>longulus</italic> ‘Behn’ Pfeiffer, 1859—II, 24</p><p><italic>lophoica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 113</p><p><italic>loveni</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—I, 24</p><p><italic>loxanus</italic> Higgins, 1872—¶III, 113</p><p><italic>loxensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 114</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>loxostomus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—IV, 22</p><p><italic>lucidus</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 114</p><p><italic>lucidus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 115</p><p><italic>luridus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1863—III, 115</p><p><italic>lusorius</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 116</p><p><italic>lycodus</italic> Dall, 1917—III, 116</p><p><italic>macandrewi</italic> Sowerby III, 1889†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>macgillivrayi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—II, 25</p><p><italic>magnifica</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—IV, 22</p><p><italic>magnificus</italic> Grateloup, 1839—IV, 23</p><p><italic>mahogany</italic> Pfeiffer, 1841—※IV, 14</p><p><italic>major</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—II, 25; IV, 45</p><p><italic>malleatus</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 117</p><p><italic>manupictus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 117</p><p><italic>marcidus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 117</p><p><italic>marmarina</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 118</p><p><italic>marmatensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—IV, 24</p><p><italic>marmoratus</italic> Dunker in Philippi, 1844—I, 25</p><p><italic>martinicensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 118</p><p><italic>mars</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861—IV, 24</p><p><italic>mejillonensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 119</p><p><italic>meleagris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 119</p><p><italic>melo</italic> Quoy and Gaimard, 1832—※II, 31</p><p><italic>meobambensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—IV, 25</p><p><italic>meridanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 120</p><p><italic>metagyra</italic> Pilsbry & Olsson, 1949—III, 120</p><p><italic>mexicanus</italic> Lamarck, 1822—※III, 90</p><p><italic>miersi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1856—IV, 25</p><p><italic>miliola</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835¶—IV, 39</p><p><italic>miltocheilus</italic> Reeve, 1848—II, 26</p><p><italic>minor</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—II, 26</p><p><italic>minor</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 121</p><p><italic>modestus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—※III, 109; III, 121; ※III, 150</p><p><italic>mollicellus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 121</p><p><italic>monachus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 122</p><p><italic>moniezi</italic> Dautzenberg, 1896—III, 122</p><p><italic>monilifer</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 123</p><p><italic>montagnei</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—III, 123</p><p><italic>montevidensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 124</p><p><italic>montivaga</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 124</p><p><italic>mordani</italic> Breure, 1978—III, 125</p><p><italic>moricandi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—III, 125</p><p><italic>moritinctus</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 126</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>mossi</italic> E.A. Smith, 1896—III, 126</p><p><italic>moussoni</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 127</p><p><italic>muliebris</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 127</p><p><italic>multilineatus</italic> Say, 1825—※III, 180</p><p><italic>multispira</italic> da Costa, 1904—III, 128</p><p><italic>munsterii</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—III, 128</p><p><italic>murrea</italic> Reeve, 1849—IV, 26</p><p><italic>murrinus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 129; ※III, 151</p><p><italic>musivus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 129</p><p><italic>mutabilis</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>myristicus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 130</p><p><italic>nanus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 130</p><p><italic>napo</italic> Angas, 1878—III, 130</p><p><italic>navarrensis</italic> Angas, 1878†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>nebulosus</italic> Martens, 1893†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>necouensis</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 27</p><p><italic>neglectus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—II, 27; ※II, 28</p><p><italic>nigrofasciatus</italic> Pfeiffer in Philippi, 1846—III, 131</p><p><italic>nigrolimbatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 132</p><p><italic>nigropileatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—※III, 27; III, 132; ※III, 166</p><p><italic>nigroumbilicatus</italic> Preston, 1907†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>nitelinus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 132</p><p><italic>nitidus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—III, 133</p><p><italic>nivalis</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835♦—III, 134</p><p><italic>niveus</italic> Preston, 1909—IV, 26</p><p><italic>notabilis</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 134</p><p><italic>notatus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 134</p><p><italic>nubeculatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 135</p><p><italic>nubilus</italic> Preston, 1903—III, 135</p><p><italic>nucinus</italic> Reeve, 1850—III, 136; IV, 50</p><p><italic>nucula</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 136</p><p><italic>nuptialis</italic> Melvill & Ponsonby, 1894—II, 28</p><p><italic>nux</italic> Broderip, 1832—※III, 95; III, 137; ※III, 204</p><p><italic>nystianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 137</p><p><italic>obliquistriatus</italic> da Costa, 1901—III, 138</p><p><italic>obliquus</italic> Reeve, 1849—※IV, 21; IV, 26</p><p><italic>oblitus</italic> Reeve, 1848—II, 28</p><p><italic>occultus</italic> Reeve, 1849—II, 28; ※II, 31</p><p><italic>ochraceus</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 138; IV, 50</p><p><italic>ochrocheilus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 139</p><p><italic>ochrostoma</italic> Garrett, 1872—II, 29</p><p><italic>odontostoma</italic> Sowerby I, 1824—II, 29</p><p><italic>onager</italic> Reeve, 1848—※IV, 34</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>onca</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—I, 25</p><p><italic>opalinus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—IV, 27</p><p><italic>orbignyi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—※III, 21; III, 139</p><p><italic>oreades</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 140</p><p><italic>orobaena</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835¶—IV, 43</p><p><italic>orophilus</italic> Morelet, 1860—※III, 15; ※III, 41; ※III, 108; III, 140</p><p><italic>orthostoma</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 141</p><p><italic>otostomus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—I, 27</p><p><italic>ouensis</italic> Gassies, 1870—II, 30, IV, 45</p><p><italic>ouveanus</italic> Dotzauer in Mousson, 1869—※II, 5; ※II, 39</p><p><italic>ovulum</italic> Reeve, 1849—IV, 27</p><p><italic>pallens</italic> Reeve, 1849♦—III, 141</p><p><italic>pallidior</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>pallidus</italic> Preston, 1909—IV, 46</p><p><italic>pallidus</italic> Reibisch, 1892—III, 142</p><p><italic>panamensis</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 142</p><p><italic>papillatus</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 143</p><p><italic>paposensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1856—III, 143</p><p><italic>parallelus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—II, 30</p><p><italic>pardalina</italic> Guppy, 1868—I, 27</p><p><italic>pardalis</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>patagonica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—II, 31</p><p><italic>patasensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—III, 144</p><p><italic>patricius</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 144</p><p><italic>paucicostatus</italic> Breure, 1978—III, 144</p><p><italic>paziana</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 145</p><p><italic>peaki</italic> Breure, 1978—III, 145; IV, 50</p><p><italic>peelii</italic> Reeve, 1859†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>pentadinus</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—※I, 26</p><p><italic>pentlandi</italic> Reeve 1849†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>perdix</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—I, 27</p><p><italic>perenensis</italic> da Costa, 1901—III, 146</p><p><italic>pergracilis</italic> Rolle, 1904—III, 146</p><p><italic>perlucidus</italic> Spix, 1827—※IV, 27</p><p><italic>perspectivus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 147</p><p><italic>pertristis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—※III, 197</p><p><italic>pervariabilis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 147</p><p><italic>pervius</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 148</p><p><italic>pessulatus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 148</p><p><italic>petenensis</italic> Morelet, 1851—III, 149</p><p><italic>petiti</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 149</p><p><italic>philippii</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842—III, 150</p><p><italic>phlegonis</italic> Dall & Ochsner, 1928—III, 150</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>phlogera</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—IV, 28</p><p><italic>phoebus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1863—IV, 28</p><p><italic>phryne</italic> Pfeiffer, 1863—III, 151</p><p><italic>physoides</italic> Reeve, 1849—II, 31</p><p><italic>pictus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 151</p><p><italic>pilosus</italic> Guppy, 1871—III, 151</p><p><italic>pinicola</italic> Gassies, 1870—II, 32</p><p><italic>piperitus</italic> Sowerby I, 1837—I, 28</p><p><italic>pittieri</italic> Martens, 1893†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>platystomus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—III, 152</p><p><italic>plectostylus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—I, 30</p><p><italic>plicatoliratus</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 152</p><p><italic>pliculatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 153</p><p><italic>plumbeus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—IV, 29</p><p><italic>poecila</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 153</p><p><italic>polymorpha</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 154; IV, 50</p><p><italic>ponsonbyi</italic> da Costa, 1907—III, 155</p><p><italic>porphyrius</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—IV, 30</p><p><italic>porphyrostomus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1851—※II, 39</p><p><italic>powisiana</italic> Petit de la Saussaye, 1843—※IV, 43</p><p><italic>praetextus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 155</p><p><italic>prestoni</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 156</p><p><italic>primula</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 156</p><p><italic>primularis</italic> Reeve, 1849†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>princeps</italic> Breoderip in <xref rid="B126" ref-type="bibr">Sowerby I 1833</xref>†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>principalis</italic> Sowerby II, 1849†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>priscus</italic> Powell, 1938—II, 32</p><p><italic>progastor</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835¶—IV, 40</p><p><italic>proteus</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 157</p><p><italic>protractus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 157</p><p><italic>pruinosus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 158</p><p><italic>pseudofusoides</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 158</p><p><italic>ptychostylus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—III, 159</p><p><italic>puellaris</italic> Reeve, 1850—III, 159</p><p><italic>pulchellus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>pulchellus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>pulcherrimus</italic> H. Adams, 1867—III, 160</p><p><italic>pulicarius</italic> Reeve, 1848—I, 31</p><p><italic>pumilio</italic> Rehder, 1945—※III, 130</p><p><italic>punctatus</italic> da Costa, 1907—III, 160</p><p><italic>punctulifer</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—II, 33</p><p><italic>pupiformis</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 161</p><p><italic>purpuratus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 161; IV, 50</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>pustulosus</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 162</p><p><italic>pygmeus</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—※III, 51</p><p><italic>pyrostomus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1860—II, 33</p><p><italic>quadingensis</italic> Connolly, 1929—II, 34</p><p><italic>quadrifasciatus</italic> Angas, 1878—※III, 131; III, 162</p><p><italic>quadricolor</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—I, 31</p><p><italic>quechuarum</italic> Crawford, 1939—III, 163; IV, 50</p><p><italic>quitensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—※III, 39; ※III, 98; III, 163</p><p><italic>radiatus</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 164</p><p><italic>ragsdalei</italic> Pilsbry, 1890—III, 164</p><p><italic>ramagei</italic> E.A. Smith, 1890—II, 34</p><p><italic>rawsonis</italic> H. Adams, 1873—III, 165</p><p><italic>recedens</italic> Pfeiffer, 1864—III, 165</p><p><italic>recluzianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—※III, 135</p><p><italic>reconditus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 166</p><p><italic>rectilinearis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 166</p><p><italic>reflexa</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842—II, 34</p><p><italic>regularis</italic> Fulton, 1905—III, 167</p><p><italic>rehderi</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 167</p><p><italic>requieni</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—IV, 30</p><p><italic>revinctus</italic> Hupé, 1857—※III, 193</p><p><italic>rhodacme</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842†—IV, 43</p><p><italic>rhodinostoma</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—II, 35</p><p><italic>rhodocheilus</italic> Reeve, 1848—I, 34</p><p><italic>rhodolarynx</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 167</p><p><italic>rhodostomus</italic> J.E. Gray, 1834—II, 35</p><p><italic>ridleyi</italic> E.A. Smith, 1890—II, 36</p><p><italic>rimatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—III, 168</p><p><italic>rivasii</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—III, 168; ※III, 188</p><p><italic>rocayana</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 169</p><p><italic>rodriguezae</italic> Weyrauch, 1967—III, 169</p><p><italic>roseatus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 170</p><p><italic>rosenbergi</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 170</p><p><italic>roseolabrum</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—I, 36</p><p><italic>rubellus</italic> Broderip, 1832†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>rubescens</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>rubrifasciatus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 171</p><p><italic>rubrovariegatus</italic> Higgins, 1868—III, 171</p><p><italic>rufescens</italic> J.E. Gray, 1825—※III, 69</p><p><italic>rufovirens</italic> Moricand, 1846—※IV, 31</p><p><italic>rugiferus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 171</p><p><italic>rugulosus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 172</p><p><italic>rupicolus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 44</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>rusticellus</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 172</p><p><italic>saccatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 173</p><p><italic>salomonia</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—IV, 31</p><p><italic>salomonis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—※II, 33; II, 36; IV, 45</p><p><italic>salteri</italic> Sowerby III, 1890—IV, 31</p><p><italic>sanchristovalensis</italic> Cox, 1870—II, 37</p><p><italic>sanctaeluciae</italic> E.A. Smith, 1889—III, 173</p><p><italic>sarcochilus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—IV, 32</p><p><italic>sarcodes</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>saturnus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1860—IV, 33</p><p><italic>savesi</italic> Crosse, 1886—II, 37</p><p><italic>sayi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>scabiosus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 174</p><p><italic>scalaricosta</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 174</p><p><italic>scalariformis</italic> Broderip, 1832—III, 175</p><p><italic>schiedeanus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1841—III, 175</p><p><italic>schmidti</italic> Pfeiffer, 1854—III, 176</p><p><italic>scytodes</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>scitulus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 176</p><p><italic>scitus</italic> H. Adams, 1867—III, 176</p><p><italic>sculpturatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 177</p><p><italic>scytodes</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—I, 37</p><p><italic>sellersi</italic> Cox, 1872—II, 38</p><p><italic>selli</italic> Preston, 1909—III, 177</p><p><italic>senilis</italic> Gassies, 1869—IV, 44</p><p><italic>serotinus</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 178</p><p><italic>serparastrus</italic> Say, 1830—※III, 133</p><p><italic>serratus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 178</p><p><italic>signifer</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 179</p><p><italic>simpliculus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 179</p><p><italic>simulus</italic> Morelet, 1851—IV, 33</p><p><italic>singularis</italic> Morelet, 1857—II, 38</p><p><italic>sinistrorsa</italic> Crosse, 1884—II, 39</p><p><italic>sisalensis</italic> Morelet, 1849—III, 180; IV, 51</p><p><italic>smithii</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 180</p><p><italic>solidus</italic> Preston, 1907—III, 181</p><p><italic>souvillei</italic> Morelet, 1857—II, 39</p><p><italic>sowerbyi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847♦—III, 181</p><p><italic>spadiceus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 182</p><p><italic>speciosus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1854—I, 38</p><p><italic>spectatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 182</p><p><italic>spenceri</italic> Tate, 1894—II, 40</p><p><italic>spiculatus</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 183</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>sporadica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 183</p><p><italic>sporadicus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>stenacme</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 184</p><p><italic>stramineus</italic> Guilding, 1824—※III, 115</p><p><italic>strangei</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—II, 40</p><p><italic>striata</italic> Spix, 1827—※II, 26</p><p><italic>striatulus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>striatus</italic> ‘King’ Sowerby I, 1833†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>strigatus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—※III, 129; ※III, 173; III, 185</p><p><italic>studeri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—※III, 156; III, 185</p><p><italic>subfasciatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 186; IV, 50</p><p><italic>subhybridus</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 186</p><p><italic>subinterruptus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 187</p><p><italic>subirroratus</italic> da Costa, 1898—IV, 34</p><p><italic>subpellucidus</italic> E.A. Smith, 1877—III, 187</p><p><italic>subroseus</italic> Fulton, 1915—II, 41</p><p><italic>subtuszonatus</italic> Pilsbry, 1899—IV, 34</p><p><italic>subventricosus</italic> da Costa, 1901—III, 188</p><p><italic>succineoides</italic> Petit de la Saussaye, 1840—※I, 24</p><p><italic>sufflatus</italic> Gould, 1859—※III, 101</p><p><italic>sugillatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 188</p><p><italic>sulcosus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1841—III, 188</p><p><italic>sulphureus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—※III, 45; III, 189</p><p><italic>superfasciatus</italic> Gassies, 1871—II, 41</p><p><italic>superstriatus</italic> Sowerby III, 1890—I, 40</p><p><italic>swainsoni</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—III, 189</p><p><italic>sykesi</italic> da Costa, 1906—III, 190</p><p><italic>taquinensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—I, 41</p><p><italic>tasmanicus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—II, 41</p><p><italic>taunaisii</italic> Férussac, 1822—※IV, 5</p><p><italic>taylori</italic> Pfeiffer, 1861†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>taylorianus</italic> Reeve, 1849—I, 42</p><p><italic>tenuilabris</italic> Pfeiffer, 1866—III, 190</p><p><italic>terebra</italic> Reibisch, 1892—III, 191</p><p><italic>terebralis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842—III, 191</p><p><italic>thamnoica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 192</p><p><italic>thompsonii</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—IV, 35</p><p><italic>tigrinus</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 193</p><p><italic>tigris</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>toleratus</italic> Fulton, 1903—II, 42</p><p><italic>torallyi</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—※III, 128; III, 194</p><p><italic>translucens</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—III, 194</p><p><italic>transparens</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 195</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>trichoda</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 195</p><p><italic>tricinctus</italic> Reeve, 1848—III, 196</p><p><italic>trigonostomus</italic> Jonas, 1844—※III, 103</p><p><italic>trimarianus</italic> Martens, 1893—III, 196</p><p><italic>trinitarius</italic> E.A. Smith, 1896—III, 197</p><p><italic>tristis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 197</p><p><italic>tropicalis</italic> Morelet, 1849—III, 198</p><p><italic>trujillensis</italic> Philippi, 1867—※III, 105</p><p><italic>tumidulus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842—III, 198</p><p><italic>tupacii</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 199</p><p><italic>turbinatus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1845—II, 42</p><p><italic>turneri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1860—II, 43</p><p><italic>turritella</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 199</p><p><italic>turritellatus</italic> Beck, 1838—※III, 200</p><p><italic>turritus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—III, 200</p><p><italic>umbilicaris</italic> Souleyet, 1842—III, 200</p><p><italic>umbraticus</italic> Reeve, 1850—※III, 77</p><p><italic>umbricatus</italic> Reeve, 1849—III, 201</p><p><italic>undulosus</italic> Martens, 1893†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>unicolor</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—※III, 92; ※III, 98; ※III, 149</p><p><italic>unifasciatus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—III, 202</p><p><italic>ustulatus</italic> Sowerby I, 1833—※III, 150; III, 202</p><p><italic>varians</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>varicosus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 203</p><p><italic>variegata</italic> Pfeiffer, 1842—II, 43</p><p><italic>venezuelensis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1856†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>venosus</italic> Reeve, 1848†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>ventricosus</italic> Preston, 1907†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>ventrosus</italic> Reibisch, 1892—III, 203</p><p><italic>veranyi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1848—※I, 38; I, 44</p><p><italic>verrucosus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—III, 203</p><p><italic>versicolor</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>—※III, 46; III, 204</p><p><italic>veruculum</italic> Morelet, 1860—III, 204</p><p><italic>vesicalis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1853—III, 205</p><p><italic>vespertinus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1858—III, 205</p><p><italic>vexillum</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>vexillum</italic> Wood, 1828†—※III, 103; IV, 44</p><p><italic>vicaria</italic> Fulton, 1896—IV, 35</p><p><italic>vicinus</italic> Preston, 1907†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>victor</italic> Pfeiffer, 1854—IV, 36</p><p><italic>vilchezi</italic> Weyrauch, 1960—III, 206</p><p><italic>vincentina</italic> E.A. Smith, 1895—IV, 37</p><p><italic>vincentinus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1846—III, 206</p><pmc-comment>PageBreak</pmc-comment>
<p><italic>virginalis</italic> Pfeiffer, 1856—III, 207</p><p><italic>virgultorum</italic> Morelet, 1863—III, 207</p><p><italic>vitrinoides</italic> Reeve, 1848¶—IV, 40</p><p><italic>vittatus</italic> Broderip in <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">Broderip and Sowerby I 1832</xref>†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>voithianus</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—III, 208</p><p><italic>volsus</italic> Fulton, 1907—III, 208</p><p><italic>wintlei</italic> Finch, 1929—III, 209</p><p><italic>wolfi</italic> Reibisch, 1892—III, 209</p><p><italic>woodwardi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1857—III, 210</p><p><italic>xanthostoma</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 210</p><p><italic>yanamensis</italic> Morelet, 1863—IV, 37</p><p><italic>yatesi</italic> Pfeiffer, 1855—※IV, 36; IV, 38</p><p><italic>yungasensis</italic> d’Orbigny, 1837—III, 211</p><p><italic>zhorquinensis</italic> Angas, 1879—III, 211</p><p><italic>ziczac</italic> da Costa, 1898—III, 212</p><p><italic>ziegleri</italic> Pfeiffer, 1847—※III, 37; ¶III, 212</p><p><italic>ziegleri</italic> Reeve, 1849†—IV, 44</p><p><italic>zilchi</italic> Breure, 1977—I, 45</p><p><italic>zilchi</italic> Weyrauch, 1958—※III, 83</p><p><italic>zoographica</italic> d’Orbigny, 1835—III, 213</p></app></app-group></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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