The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003
Identifieur interne : 000129 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000128; suivant : 000130The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003
Auteurs : Laurent Filleul [France] ; Sylvie Cassadou [France] ; Sylvia Médina [France] ; Pascal Fabres [France] ; Agnés Lefranc [France] ; Daniel Eilstein [France] ; Alain Le Tertre [France] ; Laurence Pascal [France] ; Benoit Chardon [France] ; Myriam Blanchard [France] ; Christophe Declercq [France] ; Jean-François Jusot [France] ; Hélène Prouvost [France] ; Martine Ledrans [France]Source :
- Environmental Health Perspectives [ 0091-6765 ] ; 2006.
Abstract
During August 2003, record high temperatures were observed across Europe, and France was the country most affected. During this period, elevated ozone concentrations were measured all over the country. Questions were raised concerning the contribution of O3 to the health impact of the summer 2003 heat wave.
We used a time-series design to analyze short-term effects of temperature and O3 pollution on mortality. Counts of deaths were regressed on temperatures and O3 levels, controlling for possible confounders: long-term trends, season, influenza outbreaks, day of the week, and bank holiday effects. For comparison with previous results of the nine cities, we calculated pooled excess risk using a random effect approach and an empirical Bayes approach.
For the nine cities, the excess risk of death is significant (1.01%; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.44) for an increase of 10 μg/m3 in O3 level. For the 3–17 August 2003 period, the excess risk of deaths linked to O3 and temperatures together ranged from 10.6% in Le Havre to 174.7% in Paris. When we compared the relative contributions of O3 and temperature to this joint excess risk, the contribution of O3 varied according to the city, ranging from 2.5% in Bordeaux to 85.3% in Toulouse.
We observed heterogeneity among the nine cities not only for the joint effect of O3 and temperatures, but also for the relative contribution of each factor. These results confirmed that in urban areas O3 levels have a non-negligible impact in terms of public health.
Url:
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.8328
PubMed: 16966086
PubMed Central: 1570046
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:1570046Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003</title><author><name sortKey="Filleul, Laurent" sort="Filleul, Laurent" uniqKey="Filleul L" first="Laurent" last="Filleul">Laurent Filleul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassadou, Sylvie" sort="Cassadou, Sylvie" uniqKey="Cassadou S" first="Sylvie" last="Cassadou">Sylvie Cassadou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, Sylvia" sort="Medina, Sylvia" uniqKey="Medina S" first="Sylvia" last="Médina">Sylvia Médina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabres, Pascal" sort="Fabres, Pascal" uniqKey="Fabres P" first="Pascal" last="Fabres">Pascal Fabres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lefranc, Agnes" sort="Lefranc, Agnes" uniqKey="Lefranc A" first="Agnés" last="Lefranc">Agnés Lefranc</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eilstein, Daniel" sort="Eilstein, Daniel" uniqKey="Eilstein D" first="Daniel" last="Eilstein">Daniel Eilstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Tertre, Alain" sort="Le Tertre, Alain" uniqKey="Le Tertre A" first="Alain" last="Le Tertre">Alain Le Tertre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascal, Laurence" sort="Pascal, Laurence" uniqKey="Pascal L" first="Laurence" last="Pascal">Laurence Pascal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chardon, Benoit" sort="Chardon, Benoit" uniqKey="Chardon B" first="Benoit" last="Chardon">Benoit Chardon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanchard, Myriam" sort="Blanchard, Myriam" uniqKey="Blanchard M" first="Myriam" last="Blanchard">Myriam Blanchard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Declercq, Christophe" sort="Declercq, Christophe" uniqKey="Declercq C" first="Christophe" last="Declercq">Christophe Declercq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jusot, Jean Francois" sort="Jusot, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Jusot J" first="Jean-François" last="Jusot">Jean-François Jusot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prouvost, Helene" sort="Prouvost, Helene" uniqKey="Prouvost H" first="Hélène" last="Prouvost">Hélène Prouvost</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledrans, Martine" sort="Ledrans, Martine" uniqKey="Ledrans M" first="Martine" last="Ledrans">Martine Ledrans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16966086</idno><idno type="pmc">1570046</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1570046</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1570046</idno><idno type="doi">10.1289/ehp.8328</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000212</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000210</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000129</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003</title><author><name sortKey="Filleul, Laurent" sort="Filleul, Laurent" uniqKey="Filleul L" first="Laurent" last="Filleul">Laurent Filleul</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassadou, Sylvie" sort="Cassadou, Sylvie" uniqKey="Cassadou S" first="Sylvie" last="Cassadou">Sylvie Cassadou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, Sylvia" sort="Medina, Sylvia" uniqKey="Medina S" first="Sylvia" last="Médina">Sylvia Médina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fabres, Pascal" sort="Fabres, Pascal" uniqKey="Fabres P" first="Pascal" last="Fabres">Pascal Fabres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lefranc, Agnes" sort="Lefranc, Agnes" uniqKey="Lefranc A" first="Agnés" last="Lefranc">Agnés Lefranc</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eilstein, Daniel" sort="Eilstein, Daniel" uniqKey="Eilstein D" first="Daniel" last="Eilstein">Daniel Eilstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Tertre, Alain" sort="Le Tertre, Alain" uniqKey="Le Tertre A" first="Alain" last="Le Tertre">Alain Le Tertre</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pascal, Laurence" sort="Pascal, Laurence" uniqKey="Pascal L" first="Laurence" last="Pascal">Laurence Pascal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chardon, Benoit" sort="Chardon, Benoit" uniqKey="Chardon B" first="Benoit" last="Chardon">Benoit Chardon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanchard, Myriam" sort="Blanchard, Myriam" uniqKey="Blanchard M" first="Myriam" last="Blanchard">Myriam Blanchard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Declercq, Christophe" sort="Declercq, Christophe" uniqKey="Declercq C" first="Christophe" last="Declercq">Christophe Declercq</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jusot, Jean Francois" sort="Jusot, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Jusot J" first="Jean-François" last="Jusot">Jean-François Jusot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Prouvost, Helene" sort="Prouvost, Helene" uniqKey="Prouvost H" first="Hélène" last="Prouvost">Hélène Prouvost</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3-ehp0114-001344"> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Lille</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ledrans, Martine" sort="Ledrans, Martine" uniqKey="Ledrans M" first="Martine" last="Ledrans">Martine Ledrans</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Bordeaux</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Environmental Health Perspectives</title><idno type="ISSN">0091-6765</idno><idno type="eISSN">1552-9924</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>During August 2003, record high temperatures were observed across Europe, and France was the country most affected. During this period, elevated ozone concentrations were measured all over the country. Questions were raised concerning the contribution of O<sub>3</sub> to the health impact of the summer 2003 heat wave.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>We used a time-series design to analyze short-term effects of temperature and O<sub>3</sub> pollution on mortality. Counts of deaths were regressed on temperatures and O<sub>3</sub> levels, controlling for possible confounders: long-term trends, season, influenza outbreaks, day of the week, and bank holiday effects. For comparison with previous results of the nine cities, we calculated pooled excess risk using a random effect approach and an empirical Bayes approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Findings</title><p>For the nine cities, the excess risk of death is significant (1.01%; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.44) for an increase of 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in O<sub>3</sub> level. For the 3–17 August 2003 period, the excess risk of deaths linked to O<sub>3</sub> and temperatures together ranged from 10.6% in Le Havre to 174.7% in Paris. When we compared the relative contributions of O<sub>3</sub> and temperature to this joint excess risk, the contribution of O<sub>3</sub> varied according to the city, ranging from 2.5% in Bordeaux to 85.3% in Toulouse.</p></sec><sec><title>Interpretation</title><p>We observed heterogeneity among the nine cities not only for the joint effect of O<sub>3</sub> and temperatures, but also for the relative contribution of each factor. These results confirmed that in urban areas O<sub>3</sub> levels have a non-negligible impact in terms of public health.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Akaike, H" uniqKey="Akaike H">H Akaike</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, H" uniqKey="Anderson H">H Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atkinson, R" uniqKey="Atkinson R">R Atkinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, J" uniqKey="Peacock J">J Peacock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marston, L" uniqKey="Marston L">L Marston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Konstantinou, K" uniqKey="Konstantinou K">K Konstantinou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Basu, R" uniqKey="Basu R">R Basu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samet, Jm" uniqKey="Samet J">JM Samet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Jm" uniqKey="Cohen J">JM Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosnier, A" uniqKey="Mosnier A">A Mosnier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Valette, M" uniqKey="Valette M">M Valette</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bensoussan, Jl" uniqKey="Bensoussan J">JL Bensoussan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Werf, S" uniqKey="Van Der Werf S">S Van Der Werf</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dominici, F" uniqKey="Dominici F">F Dominici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdermott, A" uniqKey="Mcdermott A">A McDermott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeger, Sl" uniqKey="Zeger S">SL Zeger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Samet, Jm" uniqKey="Samet J">JM Samet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fischer, P" uniqKey="Fischer P">P Fischer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brunekreef, B" uniqKey="Brunekreef B">B Brunekreef</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lebret, E" uniqKey="Lebret E">E Lebret</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gryparis, A" uniqKey="Gryparis A">A Gryparis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Forsberg, B" uniqKey="Forsberg B">B Forsberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katsouyanni, K" uniqKey="Katsouyanni K">K Katsouyanni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Analitis, A" uniqKey="Analitis A">A Analitis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Touloumi, G" uniqKey="Touloumi G">G Touloumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, J" uniqKey="Schwartz J">J Schwartz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hemon, D" uniqKey="Hemon D">D Hémon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jougla, E" uniqKey="Jougla E">E Jougla</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Le Tertre, A" uniqKey="Le Tertre A">A Le Tertre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quenel, P" uniqKey="Quenel P">P Quénel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eilstein, D" uniqKey="Eilstein D">D Eilstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, S" uniqKey="Medina S">S Medina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prouvost, H" uniqKey="Prouvost H">H Prouvost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascal, L" uniqKey="Pascal L">L Pascal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcgeehin, Ma" uniqKey="Mcgeehin M">MA McGeehin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mirabelli, M" uniqKey="Mirabelli M">M Mirabelli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oke, Tr" uniqKey="Oke T">TR Oke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Post, E" uniqKey="Post E">E Post</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoaglin, D" uniqKey="Hoaglin D">D Hoaglin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deck, L" uniqKey="Deck L">L Deck</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larntz, K" uniqKey="Larntz K">K Larntz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Semenza, Jc" uniqKey="Semenza J">JC Semenza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Ch" uniqKey="Rubin C">CH Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Falter, Kh" uniqKey="Falter K">KH Falter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Selanikio, Jd" uniqKey="Selanikio J">JD Selanikio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flanders, Wd" uniqKey="Flanders W">WD Flanders</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howe, Hl" uniqKey="Howe H">HL Howe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stedman, J" uniqKey="Stedman J">J Stedman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Touloumi, G" uniqKey="Touloumi G">G Touloumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Atkinson, R" uniqKey="Atkinson R">R Atkinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Tertre, A" uniqKey="Le Tertre A">A Le Tertre</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Valleron, Aj" uniqKey="Valleron A">AJ Valleron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garnerin, P" uniqKey="Garnerin P">P Garnerin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vandentorren, S" uniqKey="Vandentorren S">S Vandentorren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suzan, F" uniqKey="Suzan F">F Suzan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Medina, S" uniqKey="Medina S">S Medina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pascal, M" uniqKey="Pascal M">M Pascal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maulpoix, A" uniqKey="Maulpoix A">A Maulpoix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, J" uniqKey="Cohen J">J Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Environ Health Perspect</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Environ. Health Perspect</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Environmental Health Perspectives</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0091-6765</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1552-9924</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">16966086</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1570046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1289/ehp.8328</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ehp0114-001344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Filleul</surname><given-names>Laurent</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ehp0114-001344"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cassadou</surname><given-names>Sylvie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Médina</surname><given-names>Sylvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fabres</surname><given-names>Pascal</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lefranc</surname><given-names>Agnés</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ehp0114-001344">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Eilstein</surname><given-names>Daniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Le Tertre</surname><given-names>Alain</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pascal</surname><given-names>Laurence</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chardon</surname><given-names>Benoit</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ehp0114-001344">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blanchard</surname><given-names>Myriam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Declercq</surname><given-names>Christophe</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ehp0114-001344">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jusot</surname><given-names>Jean-François</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prouvost</surname><given-names>Hélène</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ehp0114-001344">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ledrans</surname><given-names>Martine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ehp0114-001344">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ehp0114-001344"><label>1</label> Institut de Veille Sanitaire, Bordeaux, France</aff><aff id="af2-ehp0114-001344"><label>2</label> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Ile-de-France, Paris, France</aff><aff id="af3-ehp0114-001344"><label>3</label> Observatoire Régional de la Santé Nord Pas-de-Calais, Lille, France</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ehp0114-001344">Address correspondence to L. Filleul, Institut de Veille Sanitaire–Cire Aquitaine, Espace Rodesse, 103, bis rue Belleville, BP 952, 33063 Bordeaux Cedex, France. Telephone: 05 57 01 97 22. Fax: 05 57 01 97 15. E-mail:
<email>laurent.filleul@sante.gouv.fr</email></corresp><fn><p>The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>9</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>6</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>114</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>1344</fpage><lpage>1347</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>5</month><year>2005</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>6</month><year>2006</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/" license-type="public-domain"><license-p>Publication of EHP lies in the public domain and is therefore without copyright. All text from EHP may be reprinted freely. Use of materials published in EHP should be acknowledged (for example, ?Reproduced with permission from Environmental Health Perspectives?); pertinent reference information should be provided for the article from which the material was reproduced. Articles from EHP, especially the News section, may contain photographs or illustrations copyrighted by other commercial organizations or individuals that may not be used without obtaining prior approval from the holder of the copyright. </license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>During August 2003, record high temperatures were observed across Europe, and France was the country most affected. During this period, elevated ozone concentrations were measured all over the country. Questions were raised concerning the contribution of O<sub>3</sub> to the health impact of the summer 2003 heat wave.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>We used a time-series design to analyze short-term effects of temperature and O<sub>3</sub> pollution on mortality. Counts of deaths were regressed on temperatures and O<sub>3</sub> levels, controlling for possible confounders: long-term trends, season, influenza outbreaks, day of the week, and bank holiday effects. For comparison with previous results of the nine cities, we calculated pooled excess risk using a random effect approach and an empirical Bayes approach.</p></sec><sec><title>Findings</title><p>For the nine cities, the excess risk of death is significant (1.01%; 95% confidence interval, 0.58–1.44) for an increase of 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> in O<sub>3</sub> level. For the 3–17 August 2003 period, the excess risk of deaths linked to O<sub>3</sub> and temperatures together ranged from 10.6% in Le Havre to 174.7% in Paris. When we compared the relative contributions of O<sub>3</sub> and temperature to this joint excess risk, the contribution of O<sub>3</sub> varied according to the city, ranging from 2.5% in Bordeaux to 85.3% in Toulouse.</p></sec><sec><title>Interpretation</title><p>We observed heterogeneity among the nine cities not only for the joint effect of O<sub>3</sub> and temperatures, but also for the relative contribution of each factor. These results confirmed that in urban areas O<sub>3</sub> levels have a non-negligible impact in terms of public health.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>heat wave</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>ozone</kwd><kwd>temperature</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ehp0114-001344" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Location of the nine cities.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ehp0114-001344f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ehp0114-001344" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Daily values of excess risk of deaths linked to O<sub>3</sub> and temperature and percentage of these two factors in all-ages population, for nine cities, August 2003, France.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ehp0114-001344f2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ehp0114-001344" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Population size, mortality, O<sub>3</sub>, and temperature in nine French cities during summer 2003 (1 June–30 September).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">O<sub>3</sub> [8-hr mean) (μg/m<sup>3</sup>)]
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">Temp [daily mean (°C)]
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">City</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Population (no.)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Daily deaths (mean ± SD)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25th P</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50th P</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75th P</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Minimum</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Maximum</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bordeaux</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">584,164</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.6 ± 5.0</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">116</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Le Havre</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">254,585</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6 ± 2.7</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lille</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,091,156</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.8 ± 5.3</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lyon</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">782,828</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.4 ± 9.7</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">112</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marseille</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">856,165</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.8 ± 5.8</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">123</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.6</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Paris</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6,164,418</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137.0 ± 107.0</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.3</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rouen</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">434,924</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.8 ± 4.4</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">111</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37.9</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Strasbourg</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">451,133</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.5 ± 3.6</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">148</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toulouse</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">690,162</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.3 ± 4.3</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">114</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.4</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ehp0114-001344"><p>Abbreviations: P, percentile; Temp, temperature.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ehp0114-001344" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Local, pooled, and shrunken excess risks (%) of mortality (all ages) for a 10 mg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in O<sub>3</sub> levels in the 9 cities, 1990–1997 and 1996–2003.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1990–1997 study period
<hr></hr></th><th colspan="2" align="center" rowspan="1">1996–2003 study period
<hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">City</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Local excess risk (95% CI)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Local excess risk (95% CI)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Shrunken excess risk (95% CI)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bordeaux</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58 (−0.37 to 1.54)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72 (−0.07 to 1.51)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Le Havre</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61 (−0.56 to 1.79)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.17 (−0.29 to 2.55)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 (0.12 to 2.07)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lille</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.27 (−0.59 to 1.14)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96 (0.30 to 1.61)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97 (0.37 to 1.56)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lyon</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16 (−0.55 to 0.87)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.02 (−0.71 to 0.67)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19 (−0.43 to 0.80)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marseille</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.89 (0.90 to 2.89)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08 (0.46 to 1.72)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07 (0.50 to 1.65)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Paris</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44 (0.17 to 0.71)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55 (0.28 to 0.83)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57 (0.30 to 0.84)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rouen</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82 (−0.14 to 1.79)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.35 (0.28 to 2.42)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.22 (0.38 to 2.07)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Strasbourg</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08 (0.33 to 1.83)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12 (0.36 to 1.88)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09 (0.43 to 1.76)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toulouse</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74 (−0.22 to 1.70)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.12 (2.09 to 4.17)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.38 (1.55 to 3.21)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pooled excess risk</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66 (0.34 to 0.97)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01 (0.58 to 1.44)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NA</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-ehp0114-001344"><p>Abbreviations: —, not available for the first period; NA, not applicable.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ehp0114-001344" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Excess risk (%) between 3 August and 17 August 2003 linked to O<sub>3</sub> and temperature, percent of O<sub>3</sub>, and percent of temperature in the nine cities, France: mortality, all ages.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">City</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Excess risk O<sub>3</sub> and temperature (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent of O<sub>3</sub></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percent of temperature</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bordeaux</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.00</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.54</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Le Havre</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.58</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lille</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.97</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.39</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lyon</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.74</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.43</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marseille</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.19</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.70</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Paris</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">174.68</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.67</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rouen</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.24</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.40</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Strasbourg</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.75</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Toulouse</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.98</td><td align="right" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.66</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>France</li></country><settlement><li>Bordeaux</li><li>Lille</li><li>Paris</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Filleul, Laurent" sort="Filleul, Laurent" uniqKey="Filleul L" first="Laurent" last="Filleul">Laurent Filleul</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Blanchard, Myriam" sort="Blanchard, Myriam" uniqKey="Blanchard M" first="Myriam" last="Blanchard">Myriam Blanchard</name><name sortKey="Cassadou, Sylvie" sort="Cassadou, Sylvie" uniqKey="Cassadou S" first="Sylvie" last="Cassadou">Sylvie Cassadou</name><name sortKey="Chardon, Benoit" sort="Chardon, Benoit" uniqKey="Chardon B" first="Benoit" last="Chardon">Benoit Chardon</name><name sortKey="Declercq, Christophe" sort="Declercq, Christophe" uniqKey="Declercq C" first="Christophe" last="Declercq">Christophe Declercq</name><name sortKey="Eilstein, Daniel" sort="Eilstein, Daniel" uniqKey="Eilstein D" first="Daniel" last="Eilstein">Daniel Eilstein</name><name sortKey="Fabres, Pascal" sort="Fabres, Pascal" uniqKey="Fabres P" first="Pascal" last="Fabres">Pascal Fabres</name><name sortKey="Jusot, Jean Francois" sort="Jusot, Jean Francois" uniqKey="Jusot J" first="Jean-François" last="Jusot">Jean-François Jusot</name><name sortKey="Le Tertre, Alain" sort="Le Tertre, Alain" uniqKey="Le Tertre A" first="Alain" last="Le Tertre">Alain Le Tertre</name><name sortKey="Ledrans, Martine" sort="Ledrans, Martine" uniqKey="Ledrans M" first="Martine" last="Ledrans">Martine Ledrans</name><name sortKey="Lefranc, Agnes" sort="Lefranc, Agnes" uniqKey="Lefranc A" first="Agnés" last="Lefranc">Agnés Lefranc</name><name sortKey="Medina, Sylvia" sort="Medina, Sylvia" uniqKey="Medina S" first="Sylvia" last="Médina">Sylvia Médina</name><name sortKey="Pascal, Laurence" sort="Pascal, Laurence" uniqKey="Pascal L" first="Laurence" last="Pascal">Laurence Pascal</name><name sortKey="Prouvost, Helene" sort="Prouvost, Helene" uniqKey="Prouvost H" first="Hélène" last="Prouvost">Hélène Prouvost</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/France/explor/LeHavreV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000129 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000129 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/France
|area= LeHavreV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:1570046
|texte= The Relation Between Temperature, Ozone, and Mortality in Nine French Cities During the Heat Wave of 2003
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:16966086" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LeHavreV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |