The North Sea
Identifieur interne : 001B03 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001B02; suivant : 001B04The North Sea
Auteurs : Jean-Paul Ducrotoy ; Mike Elliott ; Victor N. De JongeSource :
- Marine Pollution Bulletin [ 0025-326X ] ; 2000.
Abstract
The North Sea is a semi-enclosed, epi-continental large marine ecosystem (LME) in northern Europe. It is relatively shallow (average depth 90 m), extending north to the Norwegian Trench (700 m); the climate is temperate. Because of highly developed industry and agriculture in its watershed, pollution from contaminants and nutrients has been a major environmental issue for decades. Atmospheric inputs of contaminants are also important. Fisheries, and the protection of species and habitats, have become major concerns, and legislation is still developing to address threats to biological diversity, especially of coastal areas which are under pressure from numerous activities. The regulatory framework for the management of the North Sea is constantly changing. The 1992 ‘Paris Convention’ came into force under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) in 1998. With the increasing influence of the European Union, there is considerable overlap between the EU and OSPAR, leading to duplication between these and other organizations such as the International Conferences for the Protection of the North Sea and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Although a great deal of scientific research has been carried out in this region, the need for additional data is still a crucial precursor to management.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077Le document en format XML
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De Jonge</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001B03</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">The North Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Ducrotoy, Jean Paul" sort="Ducrotoy, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Ducrotoy J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Ducrotoy">Jean-Paul Ducrotoy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: jeanpaul@ucscarb.ac.uk</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Scarborough YO11 3AZ, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Mike" sort="Elliott, Mike" uniqKey="Elliott M" first="Mike" last="Elliott">Mike Elliott</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IECS, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Jonge, Victor N" sort="De Jonge, Victor N" uniqKey="De Jonge V" first="Victor N" last="De Jonge">Victor N. De Jonge</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Marine Pollution Bulletin</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">MPB</title><idno type="ISSN">0025-326X</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">41</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="5">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="23">23</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0025-326X</idno></series><idno type="istex">9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0</idno><idno type="PII">S0025-326X(00)00099-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0025-326X</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The North Sea is a semi-enclosed, epi-continental large marine ecosystem (LME) in northern Europe. It is relatively shallow (average depth 90 m), extending north to the Norwegian Trench (700 m); the climate is temperate. Because of highly developed industry and agriculture in its watershed, pollution from contaminants and nutrients has been a major environmental issue for decades. Atmospheric inputs of contaminants are also important. Fisheries, and the protection of species and habitats, have become major concerns, and legislation is still developing to address threats to biological diversity, especially of coastal areas which are under pressure from numerous activities. The regulatory framework for the management of the North Sea is constantly changing. The 1992 ‘Paris Convention’ came into force under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) in 1998. With the increasing influence of the European Union, there is considerable overlap between the EU and OSPAR, leading to duplication between these and other organizations such as the International Conferences for the Protection of the North Sea and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Although a great deal of scientific research has been carried out in this region, the need for additional data is still a crucial precursor to management.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Jean-Paul Ducrotoy</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: jeanpaul@ucscarb.ac.uk</json:string><json:string>Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Scarborough YO11 3AZ, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Mike Elliott</name><affiliations><json:string>IECS, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Victor N de Jonge</name><affiliations><json:string>National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Short survey</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The North Sea is a semi-enclosed, epi-continental large marine ecosystem (LME) in northern Europe. It is relatively shallow (average depth 90 m), extending north to the Norwegian Trench (700 m); the climate is temperate. Because of highly developed industry and agriculture in its watershed, pollution from contaminants and nutrients has been a major environmental issue for decades. Atmospheric inputs of contaminants are also important. Fisheries, and the protection of species and habitats, have become major concerns, and legislation is still developing to address threats to biological diversity, especially of coastal areas which are under pressure from numerous activities. The regulatory framework for the management of the North Sea is constantly changing. The 1992 ‘Paris Convention’ came into force under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) in 1998. With the increasing influence of the European Union, there is considerable overlap between the EU and OSPAR, leading to duplication between these and other organizations such as the International Conferences for the Protection of the North Sea and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Although a great deal of scientific research has been carried out in this region, the need for additional data is still a crucial precursor to management.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.436</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1343</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>14307</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>89375</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>19</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>203</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The North Sea</title><pii><json:string>S0025-326X(00)00099-0</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>41</volume><pii><json:string>S0025-326X(00)X0080-X</json:string></pii><editor><json:item><name>Charles Sheppard and Jack Pearce</name></json:item></editor><pages><last>23</last><first>5</first></pages><conference><json:item><name>Seas at the Millennium: an Environmental Evaluation Seas at the Millenium</name></json:item></conference><issn><json:string>0025-326X</json:string></issn><issue>1–6</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><title>Marine Pollution Bulletin</title><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate></host><categories><wos><json:string>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</json:string><json:string>MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0</json:string></doi><id>9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077</id><score>0.08034771</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">The North Sea</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>©2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content">Fig. 1: Map of the Greater North Sea, the Skagerrak and the Kattegat, and the Channel, with bathymetry in metres (source: NSTF, 1994) and general circulation (after Turrell et al., 1992). Amphidromic points are also shown.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Proportion and age of Atlantic water flowing into the North Sea (Reid et al., 1989). Arrows indicate the sources.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Distribution of benthic assemblages in the North Sea, based on species abundance data (sources: Künitzer et al., 1992; Holme, 1966). The classification shows environmental factors and the indicator species. (I) mainly <30 m, coarse sediments; (Ia) Nephtys cirrosa, Echinocardium cordatum, Urothoe poseidonis. (Ib) Aonides paucibranchiata, Phoxocephalus holbolli, Pisione remota. (IIb) 30–50 m, muddy fine sands, Nucula nitosida, Callianassa subterranea, Eudorella trunculata. (IIb) 50–70 m, fine sand, Ophelia borealis, Nephtys longosetosa. (IIIa) 70–100 m, fine sediments, no indicators. (IIIb) >100 m, fine sediments, Minuspio cirrifera, Thyasira sp, Aricidea catherinae, Exogone verugera. (IV) <100 m, coarse sediments, Ophelia borealis, Exogone verugera, Spiophanes bombyx, Polycirrus sp (V) 30–100 m, gravels, Nucula hanleyi and Venerupis rhomboides, often associated with Ophiotrix fragilis on hard substrata or Echinocardium cordatum in muds.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Densities of people within catchment of the North Sea and main agglomerations (source: NSTF, 1994).</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Area swept in 1989 by fishing gears which penetrate the sediment of the North Sea, relative to the size of the corresponding NSTF areas (source: ICES, 1994).</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Contribution of different sources of inputs of oil from the offshore installations (source: OSPAR, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 1: Freshwater inputs to the North Sea (modified from OSPAR, in press).</note><note type="content">Table 2: Landings of fish and shellfish by North Sea states in 1995 (Source: IMM, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 3: Nitrogen emissions from the different pathways into German river basins in the periods 1983–1987 and 1993–1997 (Source: Behrendt, 1999).</note><note type="content">Table 4: Examples of international arrangements which affect the protection of the North Sea in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 5: Examples of arrangements for protecting European Seas in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 6: Arrangements for protecting the north-east Atlantic in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).a</note><note type="content">Table 7: Duplication of responsibility for the North Sea.a</note><note type="content">Table 8: Protection of marine species and habitats (instruments and science required): duplication or complementary?a</note><note type="content">Table 9: Examples of arrangements for protecting the North Sea at sub-regional level in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">The North Sea</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Jean-Paul</forename><surname>Ducrotoy</surname></persName><email>jeanpaul@ucscarb.ac.uk</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-1723 362392; fax: +44-1723 370815</p></note><affiliation>Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Scarborough YO11 3AZ, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Mike</forename><surname>Elliott</surname></persName><affiliation>IECS, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Victor N</forename><surname>de Jonge</surname></persName><affiliation>National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Marine Pollution Bulletin</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">MPB</title><idno type="pISSN">0025-326X</idno><idno type="PII">S0025-326X(00)X0080-X</idno><meeting><addName>Seas at the Millennium: an Environmental Evaluation</addName><addName>Seas at the Millenium</addName></meeting><editor><persName>Charles Sheppard and Jack Pearce</persName></editor><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">41</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="5">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="23">23</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0</idno><idno type="PII">S0025-326X(00)00099-0</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The North Sea is a semi-enclosed, epi-continental large marine ecosystem (LME) in northern Europe. It is relatively shallow (average depth 90 m), extending north to the Norwegian Trench (700 m); the climate is temperate. Because of highly developed industry and agriculture in its watershed, pollution from contaminants and nutrients has been a major environmental issue for decades. Atmospheric inputs of contaminants are also important. Fisheries, and the protection of species and habitats, have become major concerns, and legislation is still developing to address threats to biological diversity, especially of coastal areas which are under pressure from numerous activities. The regulatory framework for the management of the North Sea is constantly changing. The 1992 ‘Paris Convention’ came into force under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) in 1998. With the increasing influence of the European Union, there is considerable overlap between the EU and OSPAR, leading to duplication between these and other organizations such as the International Conferences for the Protection of the North Sea and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Although a great deal of scientific research has been carried out in this region, the need for additional data is still a crucial precursor to management.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="ssu"><item-info><jid>MPB</jid><aid>1496</aid><ce:pii>S0025-326X(00)00099-0</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Elsevier Science Ltd</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>The North Sea</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Jean-Paul</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ducrotoy</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>jeanpaul@ucscarb.ac.uk</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Mike</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Elliott</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Victor N</ce:given-name><ce:surname>de Jonge</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Scarborough YO11 3AZ, UK</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>IECS, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-1723 362392; fax: +44-1723 370815</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>The North Sea is a semi-enclosed, epi-continental large marine ecosystem (LME) in northern Europe. It is relatively shallow (average depth 90 m), extending north to the Norwegian Trench (700 m); the climate is temperate. Because of highly developed industry and agriculture in its watershed, pollution from contaminants and nutrients has been a major environmental issue for decades. Atmospheric inputs of contaminants are also important. Fisheries, and the protection of species and habitats, have become major concerns, and legislation is still developing to address threats to biological diversity, especially of coastal areas which are under pressure from numerous activities. The regulatory framework for the management of the North Sea is constantly changing. The 1992 ‘Paris Convention’ came into force under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) in 1998. With the increasing influence of the European Union, there is considerable overlap between the EU and OSPAR, leading to duplication between these and other organizations such as the International Conferences for the Protection of the North Sea and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Although a great deal of scientific research has been carried out in this region, the need for additional data is still a crucial precursor to management.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>The North Sea</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>The North Sea</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jean-Paul</namePart><namePart type="family">Ducrotoy</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: jeanpaul@ucscarb.ac.uk</affiliation><affiliation>Scarborough Centre for Coastal Studies, University of Hull, Scarborough YO11 3AZ, UK</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-1723 362392; fax: +44-1723 370815</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Mike</namePart><namePart type="family">Elliott</namePart><affiliation>IECS, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Victor N</namePart><namePart type="family">de Jonge</namePart><affiliation>National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, P.O. Box 207, 9750 AE Haren, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="Short survey"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The North Sea is a semi-enclosed, epi-continental large marine ecosystem (LME) in northern Europe. It is relatively shallow (average depth 90 m), extending north to the Norwegian Trench (700 m); the climate is temperate. Because of highly developed industry and agriculture in its watershed, pollution from contaminants and nutrients has been a major environmental issue for decades. Atmospheric inputs of contaminants are also important. Fisheries, and the protection of species and habitats, have become major concerns, and legislation is still developing to address threats to biological diversity, especially of coastal areas which are under pressure from numerous activities. The regulatory framework for the management of the North Sea is constantly changing. The 1992 ‘Paris Convention’ came into force under the auspices of the Oslo and Paris Commissions (OSPARCOM) in 1998. With the increasing influence of the European Union, there is considerable overlap between the EU and OSPAR, leading to duplication between these and other organizations such as the International Conferences for the Protection of the North Sea and the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Although a great deal of scientific research has been carried out in this region, the need for additional data is still a crucial precursor to management.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Map of the Greater North Sea, the Skagerrak and the Kattegat, and the Channel, with bathymetry in metres (source: NSTF, 1994) and general circulation (after Turrell et al., 1992). Amphidromic points are also shown.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Proportion and age of Atlantic water flowing into the North Sea (Reid et al., 1989). Arrows indicate the sources.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: Distribution of benthic assemblages in the North Sea, based on species abundance data (sources: Künitzer et al., 1992; Holme, 1966). The classification shows environmental factors and the indicator species. (I) mainly <30 m, coarse sediments; (Ia) Nephtys cirrosa, Echinocardium cordatum, Urothoe poseidonis. (Ib) Aonides paucibranchiata, Phoxocephalus holbolli, Pisione remota. (IIb) 30–50 m, muddy fine sands, Nucula nitosida, Callianassa subterranea, Eudorella trunculata. (IIb) 50–70 m, fine sand, Ophelia borealis, Nephtys longosetosa. (IIIa) 70–100 m, fine sediments, no indicators. (IIIb) >100 m, fine sediments, Minuspio cirrifera, Thyasira sp, Aricidea catherinae, Exogone verugera. (IV) <100 m, coarse sediments, Ophelia borealis, Exogone verugera, Spiophanes bombyx, Polycirrus sp (V) 30–100 m, gravels, Nucula hanleyi and Venerupis rhomboides, often associated with Ophiotrix fragilis on hard substrata or Echinocardium cordatum in muds.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Densities of people within catchment of the North Sea and main agglomerations (source: NSTF, 1994).</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Area swept in 1989 by fishing gears which penetrate the sediment of the North Sea, relative to the size of the corresponding NSTF areas (source: ICES, 1994).</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Contribution of different sources of inputs of oil from the offshore installations (source: OSPAR, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 1: Freshwater inputs to the North Sea (modified from OSPAR, in press).</note><note type="content">Table 2: Landings of fish and shellfish by North Sea states in 1995 (Source: IMM, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 3: Nitrogen emissions from the different pathways into German river basins in the periods 1983–1987 and 1993–1997 (Source: Behrendt, 1999).</note><note type="content">Table 4: Examples of international arrangements which affect the protection of the North Sea in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 5: Examples of arrangements for protecting European Seas in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).</note><note type="content">Table 6: Arrangements for protecting the north-east Atlantic in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).a</note><note type="content">Table 7: Duplication of responsibility for the North Sea.a</note><note type="content">Table 8: Protection of marine species and habitats (instruments and science required): duplication or complementary?a</note><note type="content">Table 9: Examples of arrangements for protecting the North Sea at sub-regional level in the 1990s (from Ducrotoy and Elliott, 1997).</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Marine Pollution Bulletin</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>MPB</title></titleInfo><name type="conference"><namePart>Seas at the Millennium: an Environmental Evaluation</namePart><namePart>Seas at the Millenium</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart>Charles Sheppard and Jack Pearce</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0025-326X</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0025-326X(00)X0080-X</identifier><part><date>2000</date><detail type="issue"><title>Seas at the Millennium: an Environmental Evaluation</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>41</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1–6</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>264</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>5</start><end>23</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0025-326X(00)00099-0</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science Ltd, ©2000</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/9F9FB58E35BFA7CA14292598B3ED60ABDE0A2077/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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