Summary report of the corech (COGAR) workshop on the evaluation of air pollution episodes and associated control measures
Identifieur interne : 001316 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001315; suivant : 001317Summary report of the corech (COGAR) workshop on the evaluation of air pollution episodes and associated control measures
Auteurs : D. J. Moore ; P. Bacci ; F. Esteban ; P. Lejeune ; A. Saab ; R. A. Scriven ; R. SteenkistSource :
- Atmospheric Environment (1967) [ 0004-6981 ] ; 1986.
Abstract
Discussions within COGAR during 1981 indicated that collective information on the types of meteorological conditions when large, single sources like power stations contributed to pollution episodes, the frequency with which they occurred and the implications for intermittent control procedures, was important to all member utilities. This paper summarizes the findings of a working group set up by COGAR to study these problems.The investigation was concerned with SO2 episodes and how feasible it would be to reduce their intensity by such measures as a substitution of low sulphur fuel or switching generation to areas where the probability of an episode developing is less.There has been a considerable reduction in SO2 emissions in most urban areas in the last two decades. Nevertheless, in many locations, 24-h air pollution episodes can still be attributed to small or medium-sized emissions from low or medium level stacks, rather than to power stations and other large industrial sources with tall stacks. The worst cases in flat terrain where power stations do contribute for many hours are either stagnant conditions persisting for 24 h or a steady wind blowing consistently from an area containing several power stations. Single stations can present problems when topography interferes with dispersion or the stack height is inadequate for the emissions.Data on the frequency with which episodes occur in a given location and the ability to forecast episode conditions in advance, so that if appropriate, preventative measures may be taken, are the desired objectives. Achievement of these objectives requires a detailed understanding of the role of each type of source in relation to different meteorological situations and the local topography. The end product of such studies should be either; 1.(a) the specification of a procedure for implementing intermittent emission control2.(b) a demonstration that intermittent control is not an effective option in the area under study.In case (a), input data required are 1.(i) the vertical structure of the atmosphere2.(ii) ground level concentrations of pollutant plus, in complicated topography3.(iii) the three-dimensional distribution of pollutant.COGAR is a group set up to coordinate atmospheric research in the electrical supply industry in Europe.
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DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(86)90346-X
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Moore</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, England</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bacci, P" sort="Bacci, P" uniqKey="Bacci P" first="P." last="Bacci">P. Bacci</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Ente Nazionale per l'Energie Elletrica, Italy</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Esteban, F" sort="Esteban, F" uniqKey="Esteban F" first="F." last="Esteban">F. Esteban</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Asocoacion de Investigation Industrial Electrica, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lejeune, P" sort="Lejeune, P" uniqKey="Lejeune P" first="P." last="Lejeune">P. Lejeune</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire Belge de l'Industrie Electrique, Brussels, Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saab, A" sort="Saab, A" uniqKey="Saab A" first="A." last="Saab">A. 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V. tot Keuring van Electrotechnische Materialen, the Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Atmospheric Environment (1967)</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">ATMENV</title><idno type="ISSN">0004-6981</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1986">1986</date><biblScope unit="volume">20</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2047">2047</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2052">2052</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0004-6981</idno></series><idno type="istex">520FDB59BC85251611BF646F08AA79F2CB1EEC66</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0004-6981(86)90346-X</idno><idno type="PII">0004-6981(86)90346-X</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0004-6981</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Discussions within COGAR during 1981 indicated that collective information on the types of meteorological conditions when large, single sources like power stations contributed to pollution episodes, the frequency with which they occurred and the implications for intermittent control procedures, was important to all member utilities. This paper summarizes the findings of a working group set up by COGAR to study these problems.The investigation was concerned with SO2 episodes and how feasible it would be to reduce their intensity by such measures as a substitution of low sulphur fuel or switching generation to areas where the probability of an episode developing is less.There has been a considerable reduction in SO2 emissions in most urban areas in the last two decades. Nevertheless, in many locations, 24-h air pollution episodes can still be attributed to small or medium-sized emissions from low or medium level stacks, rather than to power stations and other large industrial sources with tall stacks. The worst cases in flat terrain where power stations do contribute for many hours are either stagnant conditions persisting for 24 h or a steady wind blowing consistently from an area containing several power stations. Single stations can present problems when topography interferes with dispersion or the stack height is inadequate for the emissions.Data on the frequency with which episodes occur in a given location and the ability to forecast episode conditions in advance, so that if appropriate, preventative measures may be taken, are the desired objectives. Achievement of these objectives requires a detailed understanding of the role of each type of source in relation to different meteorological situations and the local topography. The end product of such studies should be either; 1.(a) the specification of a procedure for implementing intermittent emission control2.(b) a demonstration that intermittent control is not an effective option in the area under study.In case (a), input data required are 1.(i) the vertical structure of the atmosphere2.(ii) ground level concentrations of pollutant plus, in complicated topography3.(iii) the three-dimensional distribution of pollutant.COGAR is a group set up to coordinate atmospheric research in the electrical supply industry in Europe.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>D.J. Moore</name><affiliations><json:string>Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, England</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. Bacci</name><affiliations><json:string>Ente Nazionale per l'Energie Elletrica, Italy</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F. 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The end product of such studies should be either; 1.(a) the specification of a procedure for implementing intermittent emission control2.(b) a demonstration that intermittent control is not an effective option in the area under study.In case (a), input data required are 1.(i) the vertical structure of the atmosphere2.(ii) ground level concentrations of pollutant plus, in complicated topography3.(iii) the three-dimensional distribution of pollutant.COGAR is a group set up to coordinate atmospheric research in the electrical supply industry in Europe.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.29</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>504 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>0</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>2314</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4290</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>26350</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>6</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>346</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Summary report of the corech (COGAR) workshop on the evaluation of air pollution episodes and associated control measures</title><pii><json:string>0004-6981(86)90346-X</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>20</volume><pii><json:string>S0004-6981(00)X0267-3</json:string></pii><editor><json:item><name>Y.S. 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Yap</persName></editor><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1986"></date><biblScope unit="volume">20</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="2047">2047</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="2052">2052</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">520FDB59BC85251611BF646F08AA79F2CB1EEC66</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0004-6981(86)90346-X</idno><idno type="PII">0004-6981(86)90346-X</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1986</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Discussions within COGAR during 1981 indicated that collective information on the types of meteorological conditions when large, single sources like power stations contributed to pollution episodes, the frequency with which they occurred and the implications for intermittent control procedures, was important to all member utilities. This paper summarizes the findings of a working group set up by COGAR to study these problems.The investigation was concerned with SO2 episodes and how feasible it would be to reduce their intensity by such measures as a substitution of low sulphur fuel or switching generation to areas where the probability of an episode developing is less.There has been a considerable reduction in SO2 emissions in most urban areas in the last two decades. Nevertheless, in many locations, 24-h air pollution episodes can still be attributed to small or medium-sized emissions from low or medium level stacks, rather than to power stations and other large industrial sources with tall stacks. The worst cases in flat terrain where power stations do contribute for many hours are either stagnant conditions persisting for 24 h or a steady wind blowing consistently from an area containing several power stations. Single stations can present problems when topography interferes with dispersion or the stack height is inadequate for the emissions.Data on the frequency with which episodes occur in a given location and the ability to forecast episode conditions in advance, so that if appropriate, preventative measures may be taken, are the desired objectives. Achievement of these objectives requires a detailed understanding of the role of each type of source in relation to different meteorological situations and the local topography. The end product of such studies should be either; 1.(a) the specification of a procedure for implementing intermittent emission control2.(b) a demonstration that intermittent control is not an effective option in the area under study.In case (a), input data required are 1.(i) the vertical structure of the atmosphere2.(ii) ground level concentrations of pollutant plus, in complicated topography3.(iii) the three-dimensional distribution of pollutant.COGAR is a group set up to coordinate atmospheric research in the electrical supply industry in Europe.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1986">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/520FDB59BC85251611BF646F08AA79F2CB1EEC66/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>ATMENV</jid><aid>8690346X</aid><ce:pii>0004-6981(86)90346-X</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0004-6981(86)90346-X</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1986"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Summary report of the corech (COGAR) workshop on the evaluation of air pollution episodes and associated control measures</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>D.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Moore</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Bacci</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>†</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>F.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Esteban</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>‡</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lejeune</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF4"><ce:sup>§</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Saab</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF5"><ce:sup>∥</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Scriven</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Steenkist</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF6"><ce:sup>¶</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, England</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Ente Nazionale per l'Energie Elletrica, Italy</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Asocoacion de Investigation Industrial Electrica, Madrid, Spain</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF4"><ce:label>d</ce:label><ce:textfn>Laboratoire Belge de l'Industrie Electrique, Brussels, Belgium</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF5"><ce:label>e</ce:label><ce:textfn>Laboratoirie d'Electricite de France, Chatou, France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF6"><ce:label>f</ce:label><ce:textfn>N. V. tot Keuring van Electrotechnische Materialen, the Netherlands</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="11" month="1" year="1985"></ce:date-received><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Discussions within COGAR during 1981 indicated that collective information on the types of meteorological conditions when large, single sources like power stations contributed to pollution episodes, the frequency with which they occurred and the implications for intermittent control procedures, was important to all member utilities. This paper summarizes the findings of a working group set up by COGAR to study these problems.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>The investigation was concerned with SO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf> episodes and how feasible it would be to reduce their intensity by such measures as a substitution of low sulphur fuel or switching generation to areas where the probability of an episode developing is less.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>There has been a considerable reduction in SO<ce:inf>2</ce:inf> emissions in most urban areas in the last two decades. Nevertheless, in many locations, 24-h air pollution episodes can still be attributed to small or medium-sized emissions from low or medium level stacks, rather than to power stations and other large industrial sources with tall stacks. The worst cases in flat terrain where power stations do contribute for many hours are either stagnant conditions persisting for 24 h or a steady wind blowing consistently from an area containing several power stations. Single stations can present problems when topography interferes with dispersion or the stack height is inadequate for the emissions.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>Data on the frequency with which episodes occur in a given location and the ability to forecast episode conditions in advance, so that if appropriate, preventative measures may be taken, are the desired objectives. Achievement of these objectives requires a detailed understanding of the role of each type of source in relation to different meteorological situations and the local topography. The end product of such studies should be either; <ce:list><ce:list-item><ce:label>1.</ce:label><ce:para>(a) the specification of a procedure for implementing intermittent emission control</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>2.</ce:label><ce:para>(b) a demonstration that intermittent control is not an effective option in the area under study.</ce:para></ce:list-item></ce:list></ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>In case (a), input data required are <ce:list><ce:list-item><ce:label>1.</ce:label><ce:para>(i) the vertical structure of the atmosphere</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>2.</ce:label><ce:para>(ii) ground level concentrations of pollutant plus, in complicated topography</ce:para></ce:list-item><ce:list-item><ce:label>3.</ce:label><ce:para>(iii) the three-dimensional distribution of pollutant.</ce:para></ce:list-item></ce:list></ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para>COGAR is a group set up to coordinate atmospheric research in the electrical supply industry in Europe.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Summary report of the corech (COGAR) workshop on the evaluation of air pollution episodes and associated control measures</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Summary report of the corech (COGAR) workshop on the evaluation of air pollution episodes and associated control measures</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Moore</namePart><affiliation>Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, England</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bacci</namePart><affiliation>Ente Nazionale per l'Energie Elletrica, Italy</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Esteban</namePart><affiliation>Asocoacion de Investigation Industrial Electrica, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lejeune</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire Belge de l'Industrie Electrique, Brussels, Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Saab</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoirie d'Electricite de France, Chatou, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Scriven</namePart><affiliation>Central Electricity Research Laboratories, Leatherhead, Surrey, England</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Steenkist</namePart><affiliation>N. V. tot Keuring van Electrotechnische Materialen, the Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1986</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1986</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Discussions within COGAR during 1981 indicated that collective information on the types of meteorological conditions when large, single sources like power stations contributed to pollution episodes, the frequency with which they occurred and the implications for intermittent control procedures, was important to all member utilities. This paper summarizes the findings of a working group set up by COGAR to study these problems.The investigation was concerned with SO2 episodes and how feasible it would be to reduce their intensity by such measures as a substitution of low sulphur fuel or switching generation to areas where the probability of an episode developing is less.There has been a considerable reduction in SO2 emissions in most urban areas in the last two decades. Nevertheless, in many locations, 24-h air pollution episodes can still be attributed to small or medium-sized emissions from low or medium level stacks, rather than to power stations and other large industrial sources with tall stacks. The worst cases in flat terrain where power stations do contribute for many hours are either stagnant conditions persisting for 24 h or a steady wind blowing consistently from an area containing several power stations. Single stations can present problems when topography interferes with dispersion or the stack height is inadequate for the emissions.Data on the frequency with which episodes occur in a given location and the ability to forecast episode conditions in advance, so that if appropriate, preventative measures may be taken, are the desired objectives. Achievement of these objectives requires a detailed understanding of the role of each type of source in relation to different meteorological situations and the local topography. The end product of such studies should be either; 1.(a) the specification of a procedure for implementing intermittent emission control2.(b) a demonstration that intermittent control is not an effective option in the area under study.In case (a), input data required are 1.(i) the vertical structure of the atmosphere2.(ii) ground level concentrations of pollutant plus, in complicated topography3.(iii) the three-dimensional distribution of pollutant.COGAR is a group set up to coordinate atmospheric research in the electrical supply industry in Europe.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Atmospheric Environment (1967)</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>ATMENV</title></titleInfo><name type="conference"><namePart>First International Conference on Atmospheric Sciences and Applications to Air Quality Part II , Seoul, Korea</namePart><namePart type="date">19850520</namePart><namePart type="date">19850524</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart>Y.S. Chung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart>D. Yap</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1986</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0004-6981</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0004-6981(00)X0267-3</identifier><part><date>1986</date><detail type="issue"><title>First International Conference on Atmospheric Sciences and Applications to Air Quality Part II , Seoul, Korea</title></detail><detail type="volume"><number>20</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>10</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1837</start><end>2078</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>2047</start><end>2052</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">520FDB59BC85251611BF646F08AA79F2CB1EEC66</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0004-6981(86)90346-X</identifier><identifier type="PII">0004-6981(86)90346-X</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:catWosTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/520FDB59BC85251611BF646F08AA79F2CB1EEC66/enrichments/catWos"><teiHeader><profileDesc><textClass><classCode scheme="WOS">ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</classCode><classCode scheme="WOS">METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES</classCode></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></istex:catWosTEI></enrichments><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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