PARÉ AND PROSTHETICS: THE EARLY HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
Identifieur interne : 001006 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001005; suivant : 001007PARÉ AND PROSTHETICS: THE EARLY HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL LIMBS
Auteurs : Alan J. ThurstonSource :
- ANZ Journal of Surgery [ 1445-1433 ] ; 2007-12.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
There is evidence for the use of prostheses from the times of the ancient Egyptians. Prostheses were developed for function, cosmetic appearance and a psycho‐spiritual sense of wholeness. Amputation was often feared more than death in some cultures. It was believed that it not only affected the amputee on earth, but also in the afterlife. The ablated limbs were buried and then disinterred and reburied at the time of the amputee’s death so the amputee could be whole for eternal life. One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century bc. A mummy in the Cairo Museum has clearly had the great toe of the right foot amputated and replaced with a prosthesis manufactured from leather and wood. The first true rehabilitation aids that could be recognized as prostheses were made during the civilizations of Greece and Rome. During the Dark Ages prostheses for battle and hiding deformity were heavy, crude devices made of available materials ‐ wood, metal and leather. Such were the materials available to Ambroise Paré who invented both upper‐limb and lower‐limb prostheses. His ‘Le Petit Lorrain’, a mechanical hand operated by catches and springs, was worn by a French Army captain in battle. Subsequent refinements in medicine, surgery and prosthetic science greatly improved amputation surgery and the function of prostheses. What began as a modified crutch with a wooden or leather cup and progressed through many metamorphoses has now developed into a highly sophisticated prosthetic limb made of space‐age materials.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04330.x
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Prostheses were developed for function, cosmetic appearance and a psycho‐spiritual sense of wholeness. Amputation was often feared more than death in some cultures. It was believed that it not only affected the amputee on earth, but also in the afterlife. The ablated limbs were buried and then disinterred and reburied at the time of the amputee’s death so the amputee could be whole for eternal life. One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century bc. A mummy in the Cairo Museum has clearly had the great toe of the right foot amputated and replaced with a prosthesis manufactured from leather and wood. The first true rehabilitation aids that could be recognized as prostheses were made during the civilizations of Greece and Rome. During the Dark Ages prostheses for battle and hiding deformity were heavy, crude devices made of available materials ‐ wood, metal and leather. Such were the materials available to Ambroise Paré who invented both upper‐limb and lower‐limb prostheses. His ‘Le Petit Lorrain’, a mechanical hand operated by catches and springs, was worn by a French Army captain in battle. Subsequent refinements in medicine, surgery and prosthetic science greatly improved amputation surgery and the function of prostheses. What began as a modified crutch with a wooden or leather cup and progressed through many metamorphoses has now developed into a highly sophisticated prosthetic limb made of space‐age materials.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Alan J. 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The ablated limbs were buried and then disinterred and reburied at the time of the amputee’s death so the amputee could be whole for eternal life. One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century bc. A mummy in the Cairo Museum has clearly had the great toe of the right foot amputated and replaced with a prosthesis manufactured from leather and wood. The first true rehabilitation aids that could be recognized as prostheses were made during the civilizations of Greece and Rome. During the Dark Ages prostheses for battle and hiding deformity were heavy, crude devices made of available materials ‐ wood, metal and leather. Such were the materials available to Ambroise Paré who invented both upper‐limb and lower‐limb prostheses. His ‘Le Petit Lorrain’, a mechanical hand operated by catches and springs, was worn by a French Army captain in battle. 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J. Thurston ED, MSc(Oxon), FRACS.</note><affiliation>A. J. 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Prostheses were developed for function, cosmetic appearance and a psycho‐spiritual sense of wholeness. Amputation was often feared more than death in some cultures. It was believed that it not only affected the amputee on earth, but also in the afterlife. The ablated limbs were buried and then disinterred and reburied at the time of the amputee’s death so the amputee could be whole for eternal life. One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century bc. A mummy in the Cairo Museum has clearly had the great toe of the right foot amputated and replaced with a prosthesis manufactured from leather and wood. The first true rehabilitation aids that could be recognized as prostheses were made during the civilizations of Greece and Rome. During the Dark Ages prostheses for battle and hiding deformity were heavy, crude devices made of available materials ‐ wood, metal and leather. Such were the materials available to Ambroise Paré who invented both upper‐limb and lower‐limb prostheses. His ‘Le Petit Lorrain’, a mechanical hand operated by catches and springs, was worn by a French Army captain in battle. Subsequent refinements in medicine, surgery and prosthetic science greatly improved amputation surgery and the function of prostheses. What began as a modified crutch with a wooden or leather cup and progressed through many metamorphoses has now developed into a highly sophisticated prosthetic limb made of space‐age materials.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Paré</term></item><item><term>prosthesis</term></item><item><term>amputation</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2007-12">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9C481EC7795C19D85F0280D0CBCDCBDA0FA6F094/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Asia</publisherName><publisherLoc>Melbourne, Australia</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1445-2197</doi><issn type="print">1445-1433</issn><issn type="electronic">1445-2197</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ANS"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="ANZ JOURNAL SURGERY">ANZ Journal of Surgery</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="12012"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ans.2007.77.issue-12</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="77">77</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="12">12</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2007-12">December 2007</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="15" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04330.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ANS4330"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2006 COWLISHAW SYMPOSIUM</title></titleGroup><copyright>2007 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2007-10-28"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2007-10-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-02-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-14"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="1114">1114</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="1119">1119</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Associate Professor Alan J. 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Prostheses were developed for function, cosmetic appearance and a psycho‐spiritual sense of wholeness. Amputation was often feared more than death in some cultures. It was believed that it not only affected the amputee on earth, but also in the afterlife. The ablated limbs were buried and then disinterred and reburied at the time of the amputee’s death so the amputee could be whole for eternal life. One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century <sc>bc</sc>. A mummy in the Cairo Museum has clearly had the great toe of the right foot amputated and replaced with a prosthesis manufactured from leather and wood. The first true rehabilitation aids that could be recognized as prostheses were made during the civilizations of Greece and Rome. During the Dark Ages prostheses for battle and hiding deformity were heavy, crude devices made of available materials ‐ wood, metal and leather. Such were the materials available to Ambroise Paré who invented both upper‐limb and lower‐limb prostheses. His ‘Le Petit Lorrain’, a mechanical hand operated by catches and springs, was worn by a French Army captain in battle. Subsequent refinements in medicine, surgery and prosthetic science greatly improved amputation surgery and the function of prostheses. What began as a modified crutch with a wooden or leather cup and progressed through many metamorphoses has now developed into a highly sophisticated prosthetic limb made of space‐age materials.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1" numbered="no"><p><b>A. J. 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Prostheses were developed for function, cosmetic appearance and a psycho‐spiritual sense of wholeness. Amputation was often feared more than death in some cultures. It was believed that it not only affected the amputee on earth, but also in the afterlife. The ablated limbs were buried and then disinterred and reburied at the time of the amputee’s death so the amputee could be whole for eternal life. One of the earliest examples comes from the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt in the reign of Amenhotep II in the fifteenth century bc. A mummy in the Cairo Museum has clearly had the great toe of the right foot amputated and replaced with a prosthesis manufactured from leather and wood. The first true rehabilitation aids that could be recognized as prostheses were made during the civilizations of Greece and Rome. During the Dark Ages prostheses for battle and hiding deformity were heavy, crude devices made of available materials ‐ wood, metal and leather. Such were the materials available to Ambroise Paré who invented both upper‐limb and lower‐limb prostheses. His ‘Le Petit Lorrain’, a mechanical hand operated by catches and springs, was worn by a French Army captain in battle. Subsequent refinements in medicine, surgery and prosthetic science greatly improved amputation surgery and the function of prostheses. 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