The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.
Identifieur interne : 000858 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000857; suivant : 000859The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.
Auteurs : Dan J. Stein ; Carmen C W. Lim ; Annelieke M. Roest ; Peter De Jonge ; Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ; Ali Al-Hamzawi ; Jordi Alonso ; Corina Benjet ; Evelyn J. Bromet ; Ronny Bruffaerts ; Giovanni De Girolamo ; Silvia Florescu ; Oye Gureje ; Josep Maria Haro ; Meredith G. Harris ; Yanling He ; Hristo Hinkov ; Itsuko Horiguchi ; Chiyi Hu ; Aimee Karam ; Elie G. Karam ; Sing Lee ; Jean-Pierre Lepine ; Fernando Navarro-Mateu ; Beth-Ellen Pennell ; Marina Piazza ; Jose Posada-Villa ; Margreet Ten Have ; Yolanda Torres ; Maria Carmen Viana ; Bogdan Wojtyniak ; Miguel Xavier ; Ronald C. Kessler ; Kate M. ScottSource :
- BMC medicine [ 1741-7015 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis.
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2
PubMed: 28756776
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pubmed:28756776Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J" last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. dan.stein@uct.ac.za.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, Carmen C W" sort="Lim, Carmen C W" uniqKey="Lim C" first="Carmen C W" last="Lim">Carmen C W. Lim</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roest, Annelieke M" sort="Roest, Annelieke M" uniqKey="Roest A" first="Annelieke M" last="Roest">Annelieke M. Roest</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Jonge, Peter" sort="De Jonge, Peter" uniqKey="De Jonge P" first="Peter" last="De Jonge">Peter De Jonge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Hamzawi, Ali" sort="Al Hamzawi, Ali" uniqKey="Al Hamzawi A" first="Ali" last="Al-Hamzawi">Ali Al-Hamzawi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso, Jordi" sort="Alonso, Jordi" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="Jordi" last="Alonso">Jordi Alonso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benjet, Corina" sort="Benjet, Corina" uniqKey="Benjet C" first="Corina" last="Benjet">Corina Benjet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bromet, Evelyn J" sort="Bromet, Evelyn J" uniqKey="Bromet E" first="Evelyn J" last="Bromet">Evelyn J. Bromet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruffaerts, Ronny" sort="Bruffaerts, Ronny" uniqKey="Bruffaerts R" first="Ronny" last="Bruffaerts">Ronny Bruffaerts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IRCCS St John of God Clinical Research Centre//IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Florescu, Silvia" sort="Florescu, Silvia" uniqKey="Florescu S" first="Silvia" last="Florescu">Silvia Florescu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harris, Meredith G" sort="Harris, Meredith G" uniqKey="Harris M" first="Meredith G" last="Harris">Meredith G. Harris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Yanling" sort="He, Yanling" uniqKey="He Y" first="Yanling" last="He">Yanling He</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinkov, Hristo" sort="Hinkov, Hristo" uniqKey="Hinkov H" first="Hristo" last="Hinkov">Hristo Hinkov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Center for Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horiguchi, Itsuko" sort="Horiguchi, Itsuko" uniqKey="Horiguchi I" first="Itsuko" last="Horiguchi">Itsuko Horiguchi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Public Relations Strategy, Nagasaki University (Tokyo Office), Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Chiyi" sort="Hu, Chiyi" uniqKey="Hu C" first="Chiyi" last="Hu">Chiyi Hu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, Aimee" sort="Karam, Aimee" uniqKey="Karam A" first="Aimee" last="Karam">Aimee Karam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, Elie G" sort="Karam, Elie G" uniqKey="Karam E" first="Elie G" last="Karam">Elie G. Karam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris INSERM UMR-S 1144, University Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" sort="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" uniqKey="Navarro Mateu F" first="Fernando" last="Navarro-Mateu">Fernando Navarro-Mateu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piazza, Marina" sort="Piazza, Marina" uniqKey="Piazza M" first="Marina" last="Piazza">Marina Piazza</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="Jose" last="Posada-Villa">Jose Posada-Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ten Have, Margreet" sort="Ten Have, Margreet" uniqKey="Ten Have M" first="Margreet" last="Ten Have">Margreet Ten Have</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, Yolanda" sort="Torres, Yolanda" uniqKey="Torres Y" first="Yolanda" last="Torres">Yolanda Torres</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viana, Maria Carmen" sort="Viana, Maria Carmen" uniqKey="Viana M" first="Maria Carmen" last="Viana">Maria Carmen Viana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wojtyniak, Bogdan" sort="Wojtyniak, Bogdan" uniqKey="Wojtyniak B" first="Bogdan" last="Wojtyniak">Bogdan Wojtyniak</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xavier, Miguel" sort="Xavier, Miguel" uniqKey="Xavier M" first="Miguel" last="Xavier">Miguel Xavier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C" last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Kate M" sort="Scott, Kate M" uniqKey="Scott K" first="Kate M" last="Scott">Kate M. Scott</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Stein, Dan J" sort="Stein, Dan J" uniqKey="Stein D" first="Dan J" last="Stein">Dan J. Stein</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. dan.stein@uct.ac.za.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lim, Carmen C W" sort="Lim, Carmen C W" uniqKey="Lim C" first="Carmen C W" last="Lim">Carmen C W. Lim</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roest, Annelieke M" sort="Roest, Annelieke M" uniqKey="Roest A" first="Annelieke M" last="Roest">Annelieke M. Roest</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Jonge, Peter" sort="De Jonge, Peter" uniqKey="De Jonge P" first="Peter" last="De Jonge">Peter De Jonge</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" sort="Aguilar Gaxiola, Sergio" uniqKey="Aguilar Gaxiola S" first="Sergio" last="Aguilar-Gaxiola">Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Al Hamzawi, Ali" sort="Al Hamzawi, Ali" uniqKey="Al Hamzawi A" first="Ali" last="Al-Hamzawi">Ali Al-Hamzawi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alonso, Jordi" sort="Alonso, Jordi" uniqKey="Alonso J" first="Jordi" last="Alonso">Jordi Alonso</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Benjet, Corina" sort="Benjet, Corina" uniqKey="Benjet C" first="Corina" last="Benjet">Corina Benjet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bromet, Evelyn J" sort="Bromet, Evelyn J" uniqKey="Bromet E" first="Evelyn J" last="Bromet">Evelyn J. Bromet</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bruffaerts, Ronny" sort="Bruffaerts, Ronny" uniqKey="Bruffaerts R" first="Ronny" last="Bruffaerts">Ronny Bruffaerts</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Girolamo, Giovanni" sort="De Girolamo, Giovanni" uniqKey="De Girolamo G" first="Giovanni" last="De Girolamo">Giovanni De Girolamo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>IRCCS St John of God Clinical Research Centre//IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Florescu, Silvia" sort="Florescu, Silvia" uniqKey="Florescu S" first="Silvia" last="Florescu">Silvia Florescu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gureje, Oye" sort="Gureje, Oye" uniqKey="Gureje O" first="Oye" last="Gureje">Oye Gureje</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haro, Josep Maria" sort="Haro, Josep Maria" uniqKey="Haro J" first="Josep Maria" last="Haro">Josep Maria Haro</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harris, Meredith G" sort="Harris, Meredith G" uniqKey="Harris M" first="Meredith G" last="Harris">Meredith G. Harris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="He, Yanling" sort="He, Yanling" uniqKey="He Y" first="Yanling" last="He">Yanling He</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hinkov, Hristo" sort="Hinkov, Hristo" uniqKey="Hinkov H" first="Hristo" last="Hinkov">Hristo Hinkov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>National Center for Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horiguchi, Itsuko" sort="Horiguchi, Itsuko" uniqKey="Horiguchi I" first="Itsuko" last="Horiguchi">Itsuko Horiguchi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Public Relations Strategy, Nagasaki University (Tokyo Office), Tokyo, Japan.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hu, Chiyi" sort="Hu, Chiyi" uniqKey="Hu C" first="Chiyi" last="Hu">Chiyi Hu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, Aimee" sort="Karam, Aimee" uniqKey="Karam A" first="Aimee" last="Karam">Aimee Karam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, Elie G" sort="Karam, Elie G" uniqKey="Karam E" first="Elie G" last="Karam">Elie G. Karam</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sing" sort="Lee, Sing" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sing" last="Lee">Sing Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lepine, Jean Pierre" sort="Lepine, Jean Pierre" uniqKey="Lepine J" first="Jean-Pierre" last="Lepine">Jean-Pierre Lepine</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Hôpital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris INSERM UMR-S 1144, University Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes, Paris, France.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" sort="Navarro Mateu, Fernando" uniqKey="Navarro Mateu F" first="Fernando" last="Navarro-Mateu">Fernando Navarro-Mateu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennell, Beth Ellen" sort="Pennell, Beth Ellen" uniqKey="Pennell B" first="Beth-Ellen" last="Pennell">Beth-Ellen Pennell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Piazza, Marina" sort="Piazza, Marina" uniqKey="Piazza M" first="Marina" last="Piazza">Marina Piazza</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Posada Villa, Jose" sort="Posada Villa, Jose" uniqKey="Posada Villa J" first="Jose" last="Posada-Villa">Jose Posada-Villa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ten Have, Margreet" sort="Ten Have, Margreet" uniqKey="Ten Have M" first="Margreet" last="Ten Have">Margreet Ten Have</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Torres, Yolanda" sort="Torres, Yolanda" uniqKey="Torres Y" first="Yolanda" last="Torres">Yolanda Torres</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Viana, Maria Carmen" sort="Viana, Maria Carmen" uniqKey="Viana M" first="Maria Carmen" last="Viana">Maria Carmen Viana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wojtyniak, Bogdan" sort="Wojtyniak, Bogdan" uniqKey="Wojtyniak B" first="Bogdan" last="Wojtyniak">Bogdan Wojtyniak</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xavier, Miguel" sort="Xavier, Miguel" uniqKey="Xavier M" first="Miguel" last="Xavier">Miguel Xavier</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kessler, Ronald C" sort="Kessler, Ronald C" uniqKey="Kessler R" first="Ronald C" last="Kessler">Ronald C. Kessler</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scott, Kate M" sort="Scott, Kate M" uniqKey="Scott K" first="Kate M" last="Scott">Kate M. Scott</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.</nlm:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">BMC medicine</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1741-7015</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28756776</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateRevised><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>06</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1741-7015</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>15</Volume>
<Issue>1</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>Jul</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>BMC medicine</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>BMC Med</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>The cross-national epidemiology of social anxiety disorder: Data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>143</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">There is evidence that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a prevalent and disabling disorder. However, most of the available data on the epidemiology of this condition originate from high income countries in the West. The World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative provides an opportunity to investigate the prevalence, course, impairment, socio-demographic correlates, comorbidity, and treatment of this condition across a range of high, middle, and low income countries in different geographic regions of the world, and to address the question of whether differences in SAD merely reflect differences in threshold for diagnosis.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Data from 28 community surveys in the WMH Survey Initiative, with 142,405 respondents, were analyzed. We assessed the 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence of SAD, age of onset, and severity of role impairment associated with SAD, across countries. In addition, we investigated socio-demographic correlates of SAD, comorbidity of SAD with other mental disorders, and treatment of SAD in the combined sample. Cross-tabulations were used to calculate prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and treatment. Survival analysis was used to estimate age of onset, and logistic regression and survival analyses were used to examine socio-demographic correlates.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">SAD 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence estimates are 1.3, 2.4, and 4.0% across all countries. SAD prevalence rates are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and in the African and Eastern Mediterranean regions, and highest in high income countries and in the Americas and the Western Pacific regions. Age of onset is early across the globe, and persistence is highest in upper-middle income countries, Africa, and the Eastern Mediterranean. There are some differences in domains of severe role impairment by country income level and geographic region, but there are no significant differences across different income level and geographic region in the proportion of respondents with any severe role impairment. Also, across countries SAD is associated with specific socio-demographic features (younger age, female gender, unmarried status, lower education, and lower income) and with similar patterns of comorbidity. Treatment rates for those with any impairment are lowest in low/lower-middle income countries and highest in high income countries.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">While differences in SAD prevalence across countries are apparent, we found a number of consistent patterns across the globe, including early age of onset, persistence, impairment in multiple domains, as well as characteristic socio-demographic correlates and associated psychiatric comorbidities. In addition, while there are some differences in the patterns of impairment associated with SAD across the globe, key similarities suggest that the threshold for diagnosis is similar regardless of country income levels or geographic location. Taken together, these cross-national data emphasize the international clinical and public health significance of SAD.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stein</LastName>
<ForeName>Dan J</ForeName>
<Initials>DJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa. dan.stein@uct.ac.za.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lim</LastName>
<ForeName>Carmen C W</ForeName>
<Initials>CCW</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roest</LastName>
<ForeName>Annelieke M</ForeName>
<Initials>AM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Jonge</LastName>
<ForeName>Peter</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Aguilar-Gaxiola</LastName>
<ForeName>Sergio</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Reducing Health Disparities, UC Davis Health System, Sacramento, California, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Al-Hamzawi</LastName>
<ForeName>Ali</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Medicine, Al-Qadisiya University, Diwaniya governorate, Iraq.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Alonso</LastName>
<ForeName>Jordi</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Health Services Research Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Benjet</LastName>
<ForeName>Corina</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Epidemiologic and Psychosocial Research, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
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<ForeName>Evelyn J</ForeName>
<Initials>EJ</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bruffaerts</LastName>
<ForeName>Ronny</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (UPC-KUL), Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Girolamo</LastName>
<ForeName>Giovanni</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>IRCCS St John of God Clinical Research Centre//IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Florescu</LastName>
<ForeName>Silvia</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National School of Public Health, Management and Professional Development, Bucharest, Romania.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gureje</LastName>
<ForeName>Oye</ForeName>
<Initials>O</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Haro</LastName>
<ForeName>Josep Maria</ForeName>
<Initials>JM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Harris</LastName>
<ForeName>Meredith G</ForeName>
<Initials>MG</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Queensland, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>He</LastName>
<ForeName>Yanling</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China.</Affiliation>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hinkov</LastName>
<ForeName>Hristo</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Center for Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Horiguchi</LastName>
<ForeName>Itsuko</ForeName>
<Initials>I</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Public Relations Strategy, Nagasaki University (Tokyo Office), Tokyo, Japan.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
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<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hu</LastName>
<ForeName>Chiyi</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Shenzhen Institute of Mental Health & Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, China.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karam</LastName>
<ForeName>Aimee</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karam</LastName>
<ForeName>Elie G</ForeName>
<Initials>EG</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Development, Research, Advocacy & Applied Care (IDRAAC), Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Balamand University, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, St George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lee</LastName>
<ForeName>Sing</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lepine</LastName>
<ForeName>Jean-Pierre</ForeName>
<Initials>JP</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Hôpital Lariboisière Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris INSERM UMR-S 1144, University Paris Diderot and Paris Descartes, Paris, France.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Navarro-Mateu</LastName>
<ForeName>Fernando</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>UDIF-SM, Subdirección General de Planificación, Innovación y Cronicidad, Servicio Murciano de Salud. IMIB-Arrixaca. CIBERESP-Murcia, Murcia, Spain.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pennell</LastName>
<ForeName>Beth-Ellen</ForeName>
<Initials>BE</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Piazza</LastName>
<ForeName>Marina</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universidad Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Posada-Villa</LastName>
<ForeName>Jose</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca University, Bogota, Colombia.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ten Have</LastName>
<ForeName>Margreet</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Trimbos-Instituut, Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, Utrecht, Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torres</LastName>
<ForeName>Yolanda</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Excellence on Research in Mental Health, CES University, Medellin, Colombia.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viana</LastName>
<ForeName>Maria Carmen</ForeName>
<Initials>MC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wojtyniak</LastName>
<ForeName>Bogdan</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Centre of Monitoring and Analyses of Population Health, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Xavier</LastName>
<ForeName>Miguel</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC) and Department of Mental Health, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kessler</LastName>
<ForeName>Ronald C</ForeName>
<Initials>RC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scott</LastName>
<ForeName>Kate M</ForeName>
<Initials>KM</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.</Affiliation>
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</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>WHO World Mental Health Survey Collaborators</CollectiveName>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country>
<MedlineTA>BMC Med</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101190723</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1741-7015</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
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<KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-national epidemiology</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Social anxiety disorder</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Social phobia</Keyword>
<Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">World Mental Health Survey Initiative</Keyword>
</KeywordList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>02</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>08</Day>
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<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>8</Month>
<Day>1</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
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<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28756776</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">10.1186/s12916-017-0889-2</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5535284</ArticleId>
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