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Natural Infection of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus spp.) with Echinococcus granulosus in China

Identifieur interne : 002774 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002773; suivant : 002775

Natural Infection of the Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus spp.) with Echinococcus granulosus in China

Auteurs : Yu Rong Yang [République populaire de Chine, Australie] ; Tianxi Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xueli Bai [République populaire de Chine] ; Belgees Boufana [Royaume-Uni] ; Philip S. Craig [Royaume-Uni] ; Minoru Nakao [Japon] ; Akira Ito [Japon] ; Jan Zhong Zhang [République populaire de Chine] ; Patrick Giraudoux [France] ; Donald P. Mcmanus [Australie]

Source :

RBID : PMC:2737643

Abstract

Background

Echinococcus granulosus is usually transmitted between canid definitive hosts and ungulate intermediate hosts.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Lesions found in the livers of ground squirrels, Spermophilus dauricus/alashanicus, trapped in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, an area in China co-endemic for both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, were subjected to molecular genotyping for Echinococcus spp. DNA. One of the lesions was shown to be caused by E. granulosus and subsequently by histology to contain viable protoscoleces.

Conclusions/Significance

This is the first report of a natural infection of the ground squirrel with E. granulosus. This does not provide definitive proof of a cycle involving ground squirrels and dogs or foxes, but it is clear that there is active E. granulosus transmission occurring in this area, despite a recent past decline in the dog population in southern Ningxia.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000518
PubMed: 19771151
PubMed Central: 2737643

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

PMC:2737643

Le document en format XML

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<italic>Echinococcus granulosus</italic>
is usually transmitted between canid definitive hosts and ungulate intermediate hosts.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p>Lesions found in the livers of ground squirrels,
<italic>Spermophilus dauricus/alashanicus</italic>
, trapped in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, an area in China co-endemic for both
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
and
<italic>E. multilocularis</italic>
, were subjected to molecular genotyping for
<italic>Echinococcus</italic>
spp. DNA. One of the lesions was shown to be caused by
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
and subsequently by histology to contain viable protoscoleces.</p>
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<p>This is the first report of a natural infection of the ground squirrel with
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
. This does not provide definitive proof of a cycle involving ground squirrels and dogs or foxes, but it is clear that there is active
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
transmission occurring in this area, despite a recent past decline in the dog population in southern Ningxia.</p>
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</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosntds</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1935-2727</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1935-2735</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19771151</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2737643</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">09-PNTD-RA-0313R2</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0000518</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline">
<subject>Infectious Diseases/Helminth Infections</subject>
<subject>Infectious Diseases/Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Natural Infection of the Ground Squirrel (
<italic>Spermophilus</italic>
spp.) with
<italic>Echinococcus granulosus</italic>
in China</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">
<italic>Spermophilus</italic>
spp. with
<italic>Echinococcus granulosus</italic>
</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Yu Rong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Tianxi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Bai</surname>
<given-names>Xueli</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Boufana</surname>
<given-names>Belgees</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Craig</surname>
<given-names>Philip S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Nakao</surname>
<given-names>Minoru</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Ito</surname>
<given-names>Akira</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Jan Zhong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Giraudoux</surname>
<given-names>Patrick</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>McManus</surname>
<given-names>Donald P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">
<sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>The Health Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Ningxia Centre for Disease Control, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Cestode Zoonoses Research Group, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute and School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Chrono-environment UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 USC INRA WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Garcia</surname>
<given-names>Hector H.</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:
<email>donM@qimr.edu.au</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: YRY TL PSC AI PG DPM. Performed the experiments: YRY TL XB BB MN AI JZZ. Analyzed the data: YRY TL XB BB PSC MN AI JZZ PG DPM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MN JZZ. Wrote the paper: YRY BB PSC AI PG DPM.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<month>9</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>22</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>9</issue>
<elocation-id>e518</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>24</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>21</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2009</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Yang et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2009</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>
<italic>Echinococcus granulosus</italic>
is usually transmitted between canid definitive hosts and ungulate intermediate hosts.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methodology/Principal Findings</title>
<p>Lesions found in the livers of ground squirrels,
<italic>Spermophilus dauricus/alashanicus</italic>
, trapped in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, an area in China co-endemic for both
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
and
<italic>E. multilocularis</italic>
, were subjected to molecular genotyping for
<italic>Echinococcus</italic>
spp. DNA. One of the lesions was shown to be caused by
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
and subsequently by histology to contain viable protoscoleces.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions/Significance</title>
<p>This is the first report of a natural infection of the ground squirrel with
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
. This does not provide definitive proof of a cycle involving ground squirrels and dogs or foxes, but it is clear that there is active
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
transmission occurring in this area, despite a recent past decline in the dog population in southern Ningxia.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="summary">
<title>Author Summary</title>
<p>
<italic>Echinococcus granulosus</italic>
and
<italic>E. multilocularis</italic>
are important zoonotic pathogens that cause serious disease in humans.
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
can be transmitted through sylvatic cycles, involving wild carnivores and ungulates; or via domestic cycles, usually involving dogs and farm livestock.
<italic>E. multilocularis</italic>
is primarily maintained in a sylvatic life-cycle between foxes and rodents. As part of extensive investigations that we undertook to update available epidemiological data and to monitor the transmission patterns of both
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
and
<italic>E. mulilocularis</italic>
in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR) in northwest China, we captured small mammals on the southern slopes of Yueliang Mountain, Xiji, an area co-endemic for human alveolar echinococcosis and cystic echinococcosis. Of 500 trapped small mammals (mainly ground squirrels;
<italic>Spermophilus dauricus/alashanicus</italic>
), macroscopic cyst-like lesions (size range 1–10 mm) were found on the liver surface of approximately 10% animals. One of the lesions was shown by DNA analysis to be caused by
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
and by histology to contain viable protoscoleces. This is the first report of a natural infection of the ground squirrel with
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
. We have no definitive proof of a cycle involving ground squirrels and dogs/foxes but it is evident that there is active
<italic>E. granulosus</italic>
transmission occurring in this area.</p>
</abstract>
<counts>
<page-count count="4"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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