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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers</title><author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Glind, Geurt" sort="Van De Glind, Geurt" uniqKey="Van De Glind G" first="Geurt" last="Van De Glind">Geurt Van De Glind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R." last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V." last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degenhardt, Louisa" sort="Degenhardt, Louisa" uniqKey="Degenhardt L" first="Louisa" last="Degenhardt">Louisa Degenhardt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">University of Fribourg, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barta, Csaba" sort="Barta, Csaba" uniqKey="Barta C" first="Csaba" last="Barta">Csaba Barta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konstenius, Maija" sort="Konstenius, Maija" uniqKey="Konstenius M" first="Maija" last="Konstenius">Maija Konstenius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten W J" sort="Koeter, Maarten W J" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten W. J." last="Koeter">Maarten W. J. Koeter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrovics, Zsolt" sort="Demetrovics, Zsolt" uniqKey="Demetrovics Z" first="Zsolt" last="Demetrovics">Zsolt Demetrovics</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kapitany Foveny, Mate" sort="Kapitany Foveny, Mate" uniqKey="Kapitany Foveny M" first="Máté" last="Kapitány-Fövény">Máté Kapitány-Fövény</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A." last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" sort="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" uniqKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen K" first="Katelijne" last="Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen">Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter-Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter-Jan Carpentier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Reinier van Arkel groep,’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">University of Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">University of Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crunelle, Cleo L" sort="Crunelle, Cleo L" uniqKey="Crunelle C" first="Cleo L." last="Crunelle">Cleo L. Crunelle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Jesse T" sort="Young, Jesse T" uniqKey="Young J" first="Jesse T." last="Young">Jesse T. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassar, Joanne" sort="Cassar, Joanne" uniqKey="Cassar J" first="Joanne" last="Cassar">Joanne Cassar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fatseas, Melina" sort="Fatseas, Melina" uniqKey="Fatseas M" first="Melina" last="Fatséas">Melina Fatséas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Université de Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auriacombe, Marc" sort="Auriacombe, Marc" uniqKey="Auriacombe M" first="Marc" last="Auriacombe">Marc Auriacombe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Université de Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunn, Matthew" sort="Dunn, Matthew" uniqKey="Dunn M" first="Matthew" last="Dunn">Matthew Dunn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Deakin University, Geelong, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slobodin, Ortal" sort="Slobodin, Ortal" uniqKey="Slobodin O" first="Ortal" last="Slobodin">Ortal Slobodin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">University of Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26922805</idno><idno type="pmc">5002258</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5002258</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5002258</idno><idno type="doi">10.1177/1087054716629217</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002203</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002203</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers</title><author><name sortKey="Kaye, Sharlene" sort="Kaye, Sharlene" uniqKey="Kaye S" first="Sharlene" last="Kaye">Sharlene Kaye</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" sort="Ramos Quiroga, Josep Antoni" uniqKey="Ramos Quiroga J" first="Josep Antoni" last="Ramos-Quiroga">Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Glind, Geurt" sort="Van De Glind, Geurt" uniqKey="Van De Glind G" first="Geurt" last="Van De Glind">Geurt Van De Glind</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levin, Frances R" sort="Levin, Frances R" uniqKey="Levin F" first="Frances R." last="Levin">Frances R. Levin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faraone, Stephen V" sort="Faraone, Stephen V" uniqKey="Faraone S" first="Stephen V." last="Faraone">Stephen V. Faraone</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Allsop, Steve" sort="Allsop, Steve" uniqKey="Allsop S" first="Steve" last="Allsop">Steve Allsop</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degenhardt, Louisa" sort="Degenhardt, Louisa" uniqKey="Degenhardt L" first="Louisa" last="Degenhardt">Louisa Degenhardt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Moggi, Franz" sort="Moggi, Franz" uniqKey="Moggi F" first="Franz" last="Moggi">Franz Moggi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A9">University of Bern, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A10">University of Fribourg, Switzerland</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barta, Csaba" sort="Barta, Csaba" uniqKey="Barta C" first="Csaba" last="Barta">Csaba Barta</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A11">Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Konstenius, Maija" sort="Konstenius, Maija" uniqKey="Konstenius M" first="Maija" last="Konstenius">Maija Konstenius</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Franck, Johan" sort="Franck, Johan" uniqKey="Franck J" first="Johan" last="Franck">Johan Franck</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A12">Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skutle, Arvid" sort="Skutle, Arvid" uniqKey="Skutle A" first="Arvid" last="Skutle">Arvid Skutle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bu, Eli Torild" sort="Bu, Eli Torild" uniqKey="Bu E" first="Eli-Torild" last="Bu">Eli-Torild Bu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A13">Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koeter, Maarten W J" sort="Koeter, Maarten W J" uniqKey="Koeter M" first="Maarten W. J." last="Koeter">Maarten W. J. Koeter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demetrovics, Zsolt" sort="Demetrovics, Zsolt" uniqKey="Demetrovics Z" first="Zsolt" last="Demetrovics">Zsolt Demetrovics</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kapitany Foveny, Mate" sort="Kapitany Foveny, Mate" uniqKey="Kapitany Foveny M" first="Máté" last="Kapitány-Fövény">Máté Kapitány-Fövény</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A14">Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A15">Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schoevers, Robert A" sort="Schoevers, Robert A" uniqKey="Schoevers R" first="Robert A." last="Schoevers">Robert A. Schoevers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A16">University of Groningen, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" sort="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen, Katelijne" uniqKey="Van Emmerik Van Oortmerssen K" first="Katelijne" last="Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen">Katelijne Van Emmerik-Van Oortmerssen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A17">Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" sort="Carpentier, Pieter Jan" uniqKey="Carpentier P" first="Pieter-Jan" last="Carpentier">Pieter-Jan Carpentier</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A18">Reinier van Arkel groep,’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dom, Geert" sort="Dom, Geert" uniqKey="Dom G" first="Geert" last="Dom">Geert Dom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">University of Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verspreet, Sofie" sort="Verspreet, Sofie" uniqKey="Verspreet S" first="Sofie" last="Verspreet">Sofie Verspreet</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A19">University of Antwerp, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A20">Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crunelle, Cleo L" sort="Crunelle, Cleo L" uniqKey="Crunelle C" first="Cleo L." last="Crunelle">Cleo L. Crunelle</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Young, Jesse T" sort="Young, Jesse T" uniqKey="Young J" first="Jesse T." last="Young">Jesse T. Young</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A8">University of Melbourne, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A21">The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carruthers, Susan" sort="Carruthers, Susan" uniqKey="Carruthers S" first="Susan" last="Carruthers">Susan Carruthers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A7">Curtin University, Perth, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cassar, Joanne" sort="Cassar, Joanne" uniqKey="Cassar J" first="Joanne" last="Cassar">Joanne Cassar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fatseas, Melina" sort="Fatseas, Melina" uniqKey="Fatseas M" first="Melina" last="Fatséas">Melina Fatséas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Université de Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auriacombe, Marc" sort="Auriacombe, Marc" uniqKey="Auriacombe M" first="Marc" last="Auriacombe">Marc Auriacombe</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A22">Université de Bordeaux, France</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, Brian" sort="Johnson, Brian" uniqKey="Johnson B" first="Brian" last="Johnson">Brian Johnson</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A6">Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dunn, Matthew" sort="Dunn, Matthew" uniqKey="Dunn M" first="Matthew" last="Dunn">Matthew Dunn</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A23">Deakin University, Geelong, Australia</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Slobodin, Ortal" sort="Slobodin, Ortal" uniqKey="Slobodin O" first="Ortal" last="Slobodin">Ortal Slobodin</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A24">University of Haifa, Israel</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Brink, Wim" sort="Van Den Brink, Wim" uniqKey="Van Den Brink W" first="Wim" last="Van Den Brink">Wim Van Den Brink</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of attention disorders</title><idno type="ISSN">1087-0547</idno><idno type="eISSN">1557-1246</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title><p id="P1">To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Method</title><p id="P2">In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for <italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</italic> (4th ed.; <italic>DSM-IV</italic>; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (<italic>n</italic> = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title><p id="P4">ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9615686</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">26994</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Atten Disord</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Atten Disord</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of attention disorders</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1087-0547</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1557-1246</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26922805</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5002258</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1087054716629217</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS785816</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Persistence and Subtype Stability of ADHD Among Substance Use Disorder Treatment Seekers</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaye</surname><given-names>Sharlene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramos-Quiroga</surname><given-names>Josep Antoni</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van de Glind</surname><given-names>Geurt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Levin</surname><given-names>Frances R.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Faraone</surname><given-names>Stephen V.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Allsop</surname><given-names>Steve</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Degenhardt</surname><given-names>Louisa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moggi</surname><given-names>Franz</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A9">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A10">10</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Barta</surname><given-names>Csaba</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A11">11</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Konstenius</surname><given-names>Maija</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Franck</surname><given-names>Johan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A12">12</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Skutle</surname><given-names>Arvid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bu</surname><given-names>Eli-Torild</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A13">13</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koeter</surname><given-names>Maarten W. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demetrovics</surname><given-names>Zsolt</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kapitány-Fövény</surname><given-names>Máté</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A14">14</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A15">15</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schoevers</surname><given-names>Robert A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A16">16</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Emmerik-van Oortmerssen</surname><given-names>Katelijne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A17">17</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carpentier</surname><given-names>Pieter-Jan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A18">18</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dom</surname><given-names>Geert</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verspreet</surname><given-names>Sofie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A19">19</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A20">20</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Crunelle</surname><given-names>Cleo L.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Young</surname><given-names>Jesse T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A8">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A21">21</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Carruthers</surname><given-names>Susan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cassar</surname><given-names>Joanne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fatséas</surname><given-names>Melina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Auriacombe</surname><given-names>Marc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A22">22</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>Brian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dunn</surname><given-names>Matthew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A23">23</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Slobodin</surname><given-names>Ortal</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A24">24</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van den Brink</surname><given-names>Wim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>ICASA Foundation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Columbia University, New York, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A6"><label>6</label>Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA</aff><aff id="A7"><label>7</label>Curtin University, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="A8"><label>8</label>University of Melbourne, Australia</aff><aff id="A9"><label>9</label>University of Bern, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A10"><label>10</label>University of Fribourg, Switzerland</aff><aff id="A11"><label>11</label>Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary</aff><aff id="A12"><label>12</label>Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden</aff><aff id="A13"><label>13</label>Bergen Clinics Foundation, Norway</aff><aff id="A14"><label>14</label>Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary</aff><aff id="A15"><label>15</label>Nyírő Gyula Hospital Drug Outpatient and Prevention Center, Budapest, Hungary</aff><aff id="A16"><label>16</label>University of Groningen, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A17"><label>17</label>Arkin Mental Health and Addiction Treatment Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A18"><label>18</label>Reinier van Arkel groep,’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A19"><label>19</label>University of Antwerp, Belgium</aff><aff id="A20"><label>20</label>Psychiatric Center Alexian Brothers, Boechout, Belgium</aff><aff id="A21"><label>21</label>The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia</aff><aff id="A22"><label>22</label>Université de Bordeaux, France</aff><aff id="A23"><label>23</label>Deakin University, Geelong, Australia</aff><aff id="A24"><label>24</label>University of Haifa, Israel</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><bold>Corresponding Author:</bold> Sharlene Kaye, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia. <email>s.kaye@unsw.edu.au</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>11</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>27</day><month>8</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><elocation-id>1087054716629217</elocation-id><abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title><p id="P1">To examine ADHD symptom persistence and subtype stability among substance use disorder (SUD) treatment seekers.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Method</title><p id="P2">In all, 1,276 adult SUD treatment seekers were assessed for childhood and adult ADHD using Conners’ Adult ADHD Diagnostic Interview for <italic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</italic> (4th ed.; <italic>DSM-IV</italic>; CAADID). A total of 290 (22.7%) participants met CAADID criteria for childhood ADHD and comprise the current study sample.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">Childhood ADHD persisted into adulthood in 72.8% (<italic>n</italic> = 211) of cases. ADHD persistence was significantly associated with a family history of ADHD, and the presence of conduct disorder and antisocial personality disorder. The combined subtype was the most stable into adulthood (78.6%) and this stability was significantly associated with conduct disorder and past treatment of ADHD.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusion</title><p id="P4">ADHD is highly prevalent and persistent among SUD treatment seekers and is associated with the more severe phenotype that is also less likely to remit. Routine screening and follow-up assessment for ADHD is indicated to enhance treatment management and outcomes.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>ADHD</kwd><kwd>subtypes</kwd><kwd>persistence</kwd><kwd>substance related disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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