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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL)</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sarin, Shiv Kumar" sort="Sarin, Shiv Kumar" uniqKey="Sarin S" first="Shiv Kumar" last="Sarin">Shiv Kumar Sarin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, Ashish" sort="Kumar, Ashish" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ashish" last="Kumar">Ashish Kumar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almeida, John A" sort="Almeida, John A" uniqKey="Almeida J" first="John A." last="Almeida">John A. Almeida</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chawla, Yogesh Kumar" sort="Chawla, Yogesh Kumar" uniqKey="Chawla Y" first="Yogesh Kumar" last="Chawla">Yogesh Kumar Chawla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fan, Sheung Tat" sort="Fan, Sheung Tat" uniqKey="Fan S" first="Sheung Tat" last="Fan">Sheung Tat Fan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garg, Hitendra" sort="Garg, Hitendra" uniqKey="Garg H" first="Hitendra" last="Garg">Hitendra Garg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Silva, H Janaka" sort="De Silva, H Janaka" uniqKey="De Silva H" first="H. Janaka" last="De Silva">H. Janaka De Silva</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, P.O. Box 6, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamid, Saeed Sadiq" sort="Hamid, Saeed Sadiq" uniqKey="Hamid S" first="Saeed Sadiq" last="Hamid">Saeed Sadiq Hamid</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi , 74800 Pakistan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jalan, Rajiv" sort="Jalan, Rajiv" uniqKey="Jalan R" first="Rajiv" last="Jalan">Rajiv Jalan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">The University College London (UCL) Institute of Hepatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Komolmit, Piyawat" sort="Komolmit, Piyawat" uniqKey="Komolmit P" first="Piyawat" last="Komolmit">Piyawat Komolmit</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Medicine, Faculty and Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok , 10330 Thailand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lau, George K" sort="Lau, George K" uniqKey="Lau G" first="George K." last="Lau">George K. Lau</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Qing" sort="Liu, Qing" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qing" last="Liu">Qing Liu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madan, Kaushal" sort="Madan, Kaushal" uniqKey="Madan K" first="Kaushal" last="Madan">Kaushal Madan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Rosmawati" sort="Mohamed, Rosmawati" uniqKey="Mohamed R" first="Rosmawati" last="Mohamed">Rosmawati Mohamed</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ning, Qin" sort="Ning, Qin" uniqKey="Ning Q" first="Qin" last="Ning">Qin Ning</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Laboratory of Infectious Immunology, Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Immunology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Salimur" sort="Rahman, Salimur" uniqKey="Rahman S" first="Salimur" last="Rahman">Salimur Rahman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Archana" sort="Rastogi, Archana" uniqKey="Rastogi A" first="Archana" last="Rastogi">Archana Rastogi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riordan, Stephen M" sort="Riordan, Stephen M" uniqKey="Riordan S" first="Stephen M." last="Riordan">Stephen M. Riordan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sakhuja, Puja" sort="Sakhuja, Puja" uniqKey="Sakhuja P" first="Puja" last="Sakhuja">Puja Sakhuja</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Department of Pathology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samuel, Didier" sort="Samuel, Didier" uniqKey="Samuel D" first="Didier" last="Samuel">Didier Samuel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17">INSERM Unité 785, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, 94800 France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, Samir" sort="Shah, Samir" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Samir" last="Shah">Samir Shah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, 15 - Dr. Deshmukh Marg, Pedder Road, Mumbai, 400 026 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, Barjesh Chander" sort="Sharma, Barjesh Chander" uniqKey="Sharma B" first="Barjesh Chander" last="Sharma">Barjesh Chander Sharma</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, Praveen" sort="Sharma, Praveen" uniqKey="Sharma P" first="Praveen" last="Sharma">Praveen Sharma</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takikawa, Yasuhiro" sort="Takikawa, Yasuhiro" uniqKey="Takikawa Y" first="Yasuhiro" last="Takikawa">Yasuhiro Takikawa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505 Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thapa, Babu Ram" sort="Thapa, Babu Ram" uniqKey="Thapa B" first="Babu Ram" last="Thapa">Babu Ram Thapa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wai, Chun Tao" sort="Wai, Chun Tao" uniqKey="Wai C" first="Chun-Tao" last="Wai">Chun-Tao Wai</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Asian Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Gleneagles Hospital, Annexe Block #02-37, 6A Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore, 258500 Singapore</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, Man Fung" sort="Yuen, Man Fung" uniqKey="Yuen M" first="Man-Fung" last="Yuen">Man-Fung Yuen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">19669378</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2712314</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712314</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2712314</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s12072-008-9106-x</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000998</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000998</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL)</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sarin, Shiv Kumar" sort="Sarin, Shiv Kumar" uniqKey="Sarin S" first="Shiv Kumar" last="Sarin">Shiv Kumar Sarin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumar, Ashish" sort="Kumar, Ashish" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ashish" last="Kumar">Ashish Kumar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Almeida, John A" sort="Almeida, John A" uniqKey="Almeida J" first="John A." last="Almeida">John A. Almeida</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chawla, Yogesh Kumar" sort="Chawla, Yogesh Kumar" uniqKey="Chawla Y" first="Yogesh Kumar" last="Chawla">Yogesh Kumar Chawla</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fan, Sheung Tat" sort="Fan, Sheung Tat" uniqKey="Fan S" first="Sheung Tat" last="Fan">Sheung Tat Fan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff5">Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garg, Hitendra" sort="Garg, Hitendra" uniqKey="Garg H" first="Hitendra" last="Garg">Hitendra Garg</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Silva, H Janaka" sort="De Silva, H Janaka" uniqKey="De Silva H" first="H. Janaka" last="De Silva">H. Janaka De Silva</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, P.O. Box 6, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamid, Saeed Sadiq" sort="Hamid, Saeed Sadiq" uniqKey="Hamid S" first="Saeed Sadiq" last="Hamid">Saeed Sadiq Hamid</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff7">Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi , 74800 Pakistan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jalan, Rajiv" sort="Jalan, Rajiv" uniqKey="Jalan R" first="Rajiv" last="Jalan">Rajiv Jalan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff8">The University College London (UCL) Institute of Hepatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX UK</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Komolmit, Piyawat" sort="Komolmit, Piyawat" uniqKey="Komolmit P" first="Piyawat" last="Komolmit">Piyawat Komolmit</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff9">Department of Medicine, Faculty and Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok , 10330 Thailand</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lau, George K" sort="Lau, George K" uniqKey="Lau G" first="George K." last="Lau">George K. Lau</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liu, Qing" sort="Liu, Qing" uniqKey="Liu Q" first="Qing" last="Liu">Qing Liu</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff11">Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madan, Kaushal" sort="Madan, Kaushal" uniqKey="Madan K" first="Kaushal" last="Madan">Kaushal Madan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohamed, Rosmawati" sort="Mohamed, Rosmawati" uniqKey="Mohamed R" first="Rosmawati" last="Mohamed">Rosmawati Mohamed</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff12">Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ning, Qin" sort="Ning, Qin" uniqKey="Ning Q" first="Qin" last="Ning">Qin Ning</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff13">Laboratory of Infectious Immunology, Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Immunology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rahman, Salimur" sort="Rahman, Salimur" uniqKey="Rahman S" first="Salimur" last="Rahman">Salimur Rahman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff14">Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rastogi, Archana" sort="Rastogi, Archana" uniqKey="Rastogi A" first="Archana" last="Rastogi">Archana Rastogi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff15">Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riordan, Stephen M" sort="Riordan, Stephen M" uniqKey="Riordan S" first="Stephen M." last="Riordan">Stephen M. Riordan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sakhuja, Puja" sort="Sakhuja, Puja" uniqKey="Sakhuja P" first="Puja" last="Sakhuja">Puja Sakhuja</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff16">Department of Pathology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samuel, Didier" sort="Samuel, Didier" uniqKey="Samuel D" first="Didier" last="Samuel">Didier Samuel</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff17">INSERM Unité 785, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, 94800 France</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, Samir" sort="Shah, Samir" uniqKey="Shah S" first="Samir" last="Shah">Samir Shah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff18">Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, 15 - Dr. Deshmukh Marg, Pedder Road, Mumbai, 400 026 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, Barjesh Chander" sort="Sharma, Barjesh Chander" uniqKey="Sharma B" first="Barjesh Chander" last="Sharma">Barjesh Chander Sharma</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sharma, Praveen" sort="Sharma, Praveen" uniqKey="Sharma P" first="Praveen" last="Sharma">Praveen Sharma</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takikawa, Yasuhiro" sort="Takikawa, Yasuhiro" uniqKey="Takikawa Y" first="Yasuhiro" last="Takikawa">Yasuhiro Takikawa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff19">Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505 Japan</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thapa, Babu Ram" sort="Thapa, Babu Ram" uniqKey="Thapa B" first="Babu Ram" last="Thapa">Babu Ram Thapa</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff20">Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wai, Chun Tao" sort="Wai, Chun Tao" uniqKey="Wai C" first="Chun-Tao" last="Wai">Chun-Tao Wai</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff21">Asian Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Gleneagles Hospital, Annexe Block #02-37, 6A Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore, 258500 Singapore</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yuen, Man Fung" sort="Yuen, Man Fung" uniqKey="Yuen M" first="Man-Fung" last="Yuen">Man-Fung Yuen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff10">Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Hepatology International</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1936-0533</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1936-0541</idno>
<imprint><date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set up a working party on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in 2004, with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines on various aspects of ACLF relevant to disease patterns and clinical practice in the Asia-Pacific region. Experts predominantly from the Asia–Pacific region constituted this working party and were requested to identify different issues of ACLF and develop the consensus guidelines. A 2-day meeting of the working party was held on January 22–23, 2008, at New Delhi, India, to discuss and finalize the consensus statements. Only those statements that were unanimously approved by the experts were accepted. These statements were circulated to all the experts and subsequently presented at the Annual Conference of the APASL at Seoul, Korea, in March 2008. The consensus statements along with relevant background information are presented in this review.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Hepatol Int</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Hepatology International</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1936-0533</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1936-0541</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Springer-Verlag</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">19669378</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2712314</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">9106</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s12072-008-9106-x</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the study of the liver (APASL)</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Sarin</surname>
<given-names>Shiv Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>sksarin@nda.vsnl.net.in</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Ashish</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ashishk10@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Almeida</surname>
<given-names>John A.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>priyanair@ozemail.com.au</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chawla</surname>
<given-names>Yogesh Kumar</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ykchawla@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fan</surname>
<given-names>Sheung Tat</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>stfan@hku.hk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garg</surname>
<given-names>Hitendra</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>drhitendragarg@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Silva</surname>
<given-names>H. Janaka</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>hjdes@sltnet.lk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hamid</surname>
<given-names>Saeed Sadiq</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>saeed.hamid@aku.edu</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jalan</surname>
<given-names>Rajiv</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>r.jalan@ucl.ac.uk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff8">8</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Komolmit</surname>
<given-names>Piyawat</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>pkomolmit@yahoo.co.uk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff9">9</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lau</surname>
<given-names>George K.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>gkklau@netvigator.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname>
<given-names>Qing</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>liuqing7@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff11">11</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Madan</surname>
<given-names>Kaushal</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>k_madan_2000@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohamed</surname>
<given-names>Rosmawati</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ros@ummc.edu.my</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff12">12</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ning</surname>
<given-names>Qin</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>qning@tjh.tjmu.edu.cn</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff13">13</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rahman</surname>
<given-names>Salimur</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>hbd@dhaka.net</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff14">14</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rastogi</surname>
<given-names>Archana</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>dr_archanarastogi@yahoo.co.in</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff15">15</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riordan</surname>
<given-names>Stephen M.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>sriordan@ozemail.com.au</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sakhuja</surname>
<given-names>Puja</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>pujasak@hotmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff16">16</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Samuel</surname>
<given-names>Didier</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>didier.samuel@pbr.ap-hopparis.fr</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff17">17</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shah</surname>
<given-names>Samir</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>drshahsamir@gmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff18">18</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>Barjesh Chander</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>drbcsharma@hotmail.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharma</surname>
<given-names>Praveen</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>drpraveen_sharma@yahoo.com</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Takikawa</surname>
<given-names>Yasuhiro</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>ytakikaw@iwate-med.ac.jp</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff19">19</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thapa</surname>
<given-names>Babu Ram</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>brthapa1@yahoo.co.in</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff20">20</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wai</surname>
<given-names>Chun-Tao</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>dr_desmond_wai@yahoo.com.sg</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff21">21</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yuen</surname>
<given-names>Man-Fung</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>mfyuen@hkucc.hku.hk</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff10">10</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
Department of Gastroenterology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
Gastrointestinal and Liver Unit, The Prince of Wales Hospital and University of New South Wales, Barker Street, Randwick 2031, New South Wales, Australia</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
Department of Hepatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>
Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, P.O. Box 6, Thalagolla Road, Ragama, Sri Lanka</aff>
<aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>
Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi , 74800 Pakistan</aff>
<aff id="Aff8"><label>8</label>
The University College London (UCL) Institute of Hepatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, 69-75 Chenies Mews, London, WC1E 6HX UK</aff>
<aff id="Aff9"><label>9</label>
Department of Medicine, Faculty and Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok , 10330 Thailand</aff>
<aff id="Aff10"><label>10</label>
Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China</aff>
<aff id="Aff11"><label>11</label>
Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China</aff>
<aff id="Aff12"><label>12</label>
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603 Malaysia</aff>
<aff id="Aff13"><label>13</label>
Laboratory of Infectious Immunology, Department of Infectious Disease, Institute of Immunology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China</aff>
<aff id="Aff14"><label>14</label>
Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh</aff>
<aff id="Aff15"><label>15</label>
Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver & Biliary Sciences (ILBS), D-1 Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 070 India</aff>
<aff id="Aff16"><label>16</label>
Department of Pathology, G. B. Pant Hospital, Affiliated to University of Delhi, Jawahar Lal Nehru Road, New Delhi, 110 002 India</aff>
<aff id="Aff17"><label>17</label>
INSERM Unité 785, AP-HP Hôpital Paul Brousse, Villejuif, 94800 France</aff>
<aff id="Aff18"><label>18</label>
Department of Gastroenterology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Center, 15 - Dr. Deshmukh Marg, Pedder Road, Mumbai, 400 026 India</aff>
<aff id="Aff19"><label>19</label>
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Iwate Medical University, 19-1 Uchimaru, Morioka, 020-8505 Japan</aff>
<aff id="Aff20"><label>20</label>
Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India</aff>
<aff id="Aff21"><label>21</label>
Asian Center for Liver Diseases and Transplantation, Gleneagles Hospital, Annexe Block #02-37, 6A Gleneagles Hospital, Singapore, 258500 Singapore</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>3</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>269</fpage>
<lpage>282</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2008</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver 2008</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set up a working party on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in 2004, with a mandate to develop consensus guidelines on various aspects of ACLF relevant to disease patterns and clinical practice in the Asia-Pacific region. Experts predominantly from the Asia–Pacific region constituted this working party and were requested to identify different issues of ACLF and develop the consensus guidelines. A 2-day meeting of the working party was held on January 22–23, 2008, at New Delhi, India, to discuss and finalize the consensus statements. Only those statements that were unanimously approved by the experts were accepted. These statements were circulated to all the experts and subsequently presented at the Annual Conference of the APASL at Seoul, Korea, in March 2008. The consensus statements along with relevant background information are presented in this review.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Acute-on-chronic liver failure</kwd>
<kwd>Acute-on-chronic liver disease</kwd>
<kwd>Liver failure</kwd>
<kwd>Hepatic failure</kwd>
<kwd>Hepatitis</kwd>
<kwd>Cirrhosis</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver 2009</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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