Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension
Identifieur interne : 002447 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002446; suivant : 002448Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension
Auteurs : David M. Smadja [France, États-Unis] ; Laetitia Mauge [France] ; Pascale Gaussem [France] ; Clément D Udigier [France] ; Dominique Israel-Biet [France] ; David S. Celermajer [Australie] ; Damien Bonnet [France] ; Marilyne Lévy [France]Source :
- Angiogenesis [ 0969-6970 ] ; 2010.
Abstract
Pulmonary vasodilators in general and prostacyclin therapy in particular, have markedly improved the outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of PAH, and as endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may contribute to vascular repair in PAH, we suspected that prostacyclin therapy might enhance EPC numbers and functions. In the present study, objectives were to determine whether EPC may contribute to vasodilator treatment efficacy in PAH.
We quantified CD34+ cells, CFU-Hill and ECFC (endothelial colony forming cells) in peripheral blood from children with idiopathic PAH (
ECFC counts were significantly enhanced in the 8 children treated with treprostinil, while no change was observed in children receiving oral therapy with endothelin antagonists and/or PDE5 inhibitors. CD34+ cell and CFU-Hill counts were unaffected. ECFC from patients treated with treprostinil had a hyperproliferative phenotype and showed enhanced angiogenic potential in a nude mouse preclinical model of limb ischemia.
ECFC may partly mediate the clinical benefits of prostanoids in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s10456-010-9192-y
PubMed: 21049284
PubMed Central: 3040815
Affiliations:
- Australie, France, États-Unis
- Massachusetts, Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, Île-de-France
- Paris, Sydney
- Université Paris-Descartes, Université de Sydney
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3040815Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension</title><author><name sortKey="Smadja, David M" sort="Smadja, David M" uniqKey="Smadja D" first="David M." last="Smadja">David M. Smadja</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mauge, Laetitia" sort="Mauge, Laetitia" uniqKey="Mauge L" first="Laetitia" last="Mauge">Laetitia Mauge</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, Pascale" sort="Gaussem, Pascale" uniqKey="Gaussem P" first="Pascale" last="Gaussem">Pascale Gaussem</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Udigier, Clement" sort="D Udigier, Clement" uniqKey="D Udigier C" first="Clément" last="D Udigier">Clément D Udigier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Israel Biet, Dominique" sort="Israel Biet, Dominique" uniqKey="Israel Biet D" first="Dominique" last="Israel-Biet">Dominique Israel-Biet</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pneumology Department, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pneumology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Celermajer, David S" sort="Celermajer, David S" uniqKey="Celermajer D" first="David S." last="Celermajer">David S. Celermajer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, Damien" sort="Bonnet, Damien" uniqKey="Bonnet D" first="Damien" last="Bonnet">Damien Bonnet</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Marilyne" sort="Levy, Marilyne" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Marilyne" last="Lévy">Marilyne Lévy</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21049284</idno><idno type="pmc">3040815</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3040815</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3040815</idno><idno type="doi">10.1007/s10456-010-9192-y</idno><date when="2010">2010</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000A39</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000A39</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000A16</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000A16</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002447</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002447</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension</title><author><name sortKey="Smadja, David M" sort="Smadja, David M" uniqKey="Smadja D" first="David M." last="Smadja">David M. Smadja</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</nlm:aff><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mauge, Laetitia" sort="Mauge, Laetitia" uniqKey="Mauge L" first="Laetitia" last="Mauge">Laetitia Mauge</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, Pascale" sort="Gaussem, Pascale" uniqKey="Gaussem P" first="Pascale" last="Gaussem">Pascale Gaussem</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="D Udigier, Clement" sort="D Udigier, Clement" uniqKey="D Udigier C" first="Clément" last="D Udigier">Clément D Udigier</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>75015 Paris</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><region type="région" nuts="2">Île-de-France</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Israel Biet, Dominique" sort="Israel Biet, Dominique" uniqKey="Israel Biet D" first="Dominique" last="Israel-Biet">Dominique Israel-Biet</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pneumology Department, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pneumology Department, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Celermajer, David S" sort="Celermajer, David S" uniqKey="Celermajer D" first="David S." last="Celermajer">David S. Celermajer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff6">Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de Sydney</orgName><country>Australie</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Sydney</settlement><region type="état">Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, Damien" sort="Bonnet, Damien" uniqKey="Bonnet D" first="Damien" last="Bonnet">Damien Bonnet</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Marilyne" sort="Levy, Marilyne" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Marilyne" last="Lévy">Marilyne Lévy</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Université Paris Descartes, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Paris-Descartes</orgName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff5">UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="Aff7">AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region">Île-de-France</region><region type="old region">Île-de-France</region><settlement type="city">Paris</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Angiogenesis</title><idno type="ISSN">0969-6970</idno><idno type="eISSN">1573-7209</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Pulmonary vasodilators in general and prostacyclin therapy in particular, have markedly improved the outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of PAH, and as endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may contribute to vascular repair in PAH, we suspected that prostacyclin therapy might enhance EPC numbers and functions. In the present study, objectives were to determine whether EPC may contribute to vasodilator treatment efficacy in PAH.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We quantified CD34+ cells, CFU-Hill and ECFC (endothelial colony forming cells) in peripheral blood from children with idiopathic PAH (<italic>n</italic> = 27) or PAH secondary to congenital heart disease (<italic>n</italic> = 52). CD34+ were enumerated by flow cytometry, CFU-Hill and ECFC by a culture assay. ECFC grown ex vivo were tested for their angiogenic capacities before and after prostacyclin analog therapy (subcutaneous treprostinil).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>ECFC counts were significantly enhanced in the 8 children treated with treprostinil, while no change was observed in children receiving oral therapy with endothelin antagonists and/or PDE5 inhibitors. CD34+ cell and CFU-Hill counts were unaffected. ECFC from patients treated with treprostinil had a hyperproliferative phenotype and showed enhanced angiogenic potential in a nude mouse preclinical model of limb ischemia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>ECFC may partly mediate the clinical benefits of prostanoids in pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robbins, Im" uniqKey="Robbins I">IM Robbins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beghetti, M" uniqKey="Beghetti M">M Beghetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Channick, Rn" uniqKey="Channick R">RN Channick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delcroix, M" uniqKey="Delcroix M">M Delcroix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Denton, Cp" uniqKey="Denton C">CP Denton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elliott, Cg" uniqKey="Elliott C">CG Elliott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaine, Sp" uniqKey="Gaine S">SP Gaine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gladwin, Mt" uniqKey="Gladwin M">MT Gladwin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jing, Zc" uniqKey="Jing Z">ZC Jing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krowka, Mj" uniqKey="Krowka M">MJ Krowka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Langleben, D" uniqKey="Langleben D">D Langleben</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nakanishi, N" uniqKey="Nakanishi N">N Nakanishi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Souza, R" uniqKey="Souza R">R Souza</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Izikki, M" uniqKey="Izikki M">M Izikki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guignabert, C" uniqKey="Guignabert C">C Guignabert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fadel, E" uniqKey="Fadel E">E Fadel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tu, L" uniqKey="Tu L">L Tu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zadigue, P" uniqKey="Zadigue P">P Zadigue</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dartevelle, P" uniqKey="Dartevelle P">P Dartevelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adnot, S" uniqKey="Adnot S">S Adnot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maitre, B" uniqKey="Maitre B">B Maitre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raffestin, B" uniqKey="Raffestin B">B Raffestin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eddahibi, S" uniqKey="Eddahibi S">S Eddahibi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Montani, D" uniqKey="Montani D">D Montani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perros, F" uniqKey="Perros F">F Perros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorfmuller, P" uniqKey="Dorfmuller P">P Dorfmuller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adnot, S" uniqKey="Adnot S">S Adnot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eddahibi, S" uniqKey="Eddahibi S">S Eddahibi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levy, M" uniqKey="Levy M">M Levy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maurey, C" uniqKey="Maurey C">C Maurey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Celermajer, Ds" uniqKey="Celermajer D">DS Celermajer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vouhe, Pr" uniqKey="Vouhe P">PR Vouhe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Danel, C" uniqKey="Danel C">C Danel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, D" uniqKey="Bonnet D">D Bonnet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Israel Biet, D" uniqKey="Israel Biet D">D Israel-Biet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sieveking, Dp" uniqKey="Sieveking D">DP Sieveking</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buckle, A" uniqKey="Buckle A">A Buckle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Celermajer, Ds" uniqKey="Celermajer D">DS Celermajer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ng, Mk" uniqKey="Ng M">MK Ng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smadja, Dm" uniqKey="Smadja D">DM Smadja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bieche, I" uniqKey="Bieche I">I Bieche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silvestre, Js" uniqKey="Silvestre J">JS Silvestre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Germain, S" uniqKey="Germain S">S Germain</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cornet, A" uniqKey="Cornet A">A Cornet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laurendeau, I" uniqKey="Laurendeau I">I Laurendeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duong Van Huyen, Jp" uniqKey="Duong Van Huyen J">JP Duong-Van-Huyen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emmerich, J" uniqKey="Emmerich J">J Emmerich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vidaud, M" uniqKey="Vidaud M">M Vidaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aiach, M" uniqKey="Aiach M">M Aiach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, P" uniqKey="Gaussem P">P Gaussem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yoder, Mc" uniqKey="Yoder M">MC Yoder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mead, Le" uniqKey="Mead L">LE Mead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prater, D" uniqKey="Prater D">D Prater</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krier, Tr" uniqKey="Krier T">TR Krier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mroueh, Kn" uniqKey="Mroueh K">KN Mroueh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, F" uniqKey="Li F">F Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krasich, R" uniqKey="Krasich R">R Krasich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Temm, Cj" uniqKey="Temm C">CJ Temm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Prchal, Jt" uniqKey="Prchal J">JT Prchal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ingram, Da" uniqKey="Ingram D">DA Ingram</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Asosingh, K" uniqKey="Asosingh K">K Asosingh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aldred, Ma" uniqKey="Aldred M">MA Aldred</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vasanji, A" uniqKey="Vasanji A">A Vasanji</name></author><author><name sortKey="Drazba, J" uniqKey="Drazba J">J Drazba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sharp, J" uniqKey="Sharp J">J Sharp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farver, C" uniqKey="Farver C">C Farver</name></author><author><name sortKey="Comhair, Sa" uniqKey="Comhair S">SA Comhair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, W" uniqKey="Xu W">W Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Licina, L" uniqKey="Licina L">L Licina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, L" uniqKey="Huang L">L Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Anand Apte, B" uniqKey="Anand Apte B">B Anand-Apte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoder, Mc" uniqKey="Yoder M">MC Yoder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tuder, Rm" uniqKey="Tuder R">RM Tuder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Erzurum, Sc" uniqKey="Erzurum S">SC Erzurum</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Junhui, Z" uniqKey="Junhui Z">Z Junhui</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xingxiang, W" uniqKey="Xingxiang W">W Xingxiang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guosheng, F" uniqKey="Guosheng F">F Guosheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yunpeng, S" uniqKey="Yunpeng S">S Yunpeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Furong, Z" uniqKey="Furong Z">Z Furong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Junzhu, C" uniqKey="Junzhu C">C Junzhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Diller, Gp" uniqKey="Diller G">GP Diller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eijl, S" uniqKey="Eijl S">S Eijl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okonko, Do" uniqKey="Okonko D">DO Okonko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, Ls" uniqKey="Howard L">LS Howard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, O" uniqKey="Ali O">O Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thum, T" uniqKey="Thum T">T Thum</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wort, Sj" uniqKey="Wort S">SJ Wort</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bedard, E" uniqKey="Bedard E">E Bedard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbs, Js" uniqKey="Gibbs J">JS Gibbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bauersachs, J" uniqKey="Bauersachs J">J Bauersachs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hobbs, Aj" uniqKey="Hobbs A">AJ Hobbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkins, Mr" uniqKey="Wilkins M">MR Wilkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gatzoulis, Ma" uniqKey="Gatzoulis M">MA Gatzoulis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wharton, J" uniqKey="Wharton J">J Wharton</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hur, J" uniqKey="Hur J">J Hur</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, Ch" uniqKey="Yoon C">CH Yoon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, Hs" uniqKey="Kim H">HS Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choi, Jh" uniqKey="Choi J">JH Choi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kang, Hj" uniqKey="Kang H">HJ Kang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hwang, Kk" uniqKey="Hwang K">KK Hwang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oh, Bh" uniqKey="Oh B">BH Oh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Mm" uniqKey="Lee M">MM Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Yb" uniqKey="Park Y">YB Park</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hill, Jm" uniqKey="Hill J">JM Hill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zalos, G" uniqKey="Zalos G">G Zalos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Halcox, Jp" uniqKey="Halcox J">JP Halcox</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schenke, Wh" uniqKey="Schenke W">WH Schenke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Waclawiw, Ma" uniqKey="Waclawiw M">MA Waclawiw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quyyumi, Aa" uniqKey="Quyyumi A">AA Quyyumi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Finkel, T" uniqKey="Finkel T">T Finkel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingram, Da" uniqKey="Ingram D">DA Ingram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mead, Le" uniqKey="Mead L">LE Mead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanaka, H" uniqKey="Tanaka H">H Tanaka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meade, V" uniqKey="Meade V">V Meade</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fenoglio, A" uniqKey="Fenoglio A">A Fenoglio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mortell, K" uniqKey="Mortell K">K Mortell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pollok, K" uniqKey="Pollok K">K Pollok</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferkowicz, Mj" uniqKey="Ferkowicz M">MJ Ferkowicz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilley, D" uniqKey="Gilley D">D Gilley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yoder, Mc" uniqKey="Yoder M">MC Yoder</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nagaya, N" uniqKey="Nagaya N">N Nagaya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kangawa, K" uniqKey="Kangawa K">K Kangawa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kanda, M" uniqKey="Kanda M">M Kanda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uematsu, M" uniqKey="Uematsu M">M Uematsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horio, T" uniqKey="Horio T">T Horio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuyama, N" uniqKey="Fukuyama N">N Fukuyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hino, J" uniqKey="Hino J">J Hino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Harada Shiba, M" uniqKey="Harada Shiba M">M Harada-Shiba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okumura, H" uniqKey="Okumura H">H Okumura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tabata, Y" uniqKey="Tabata Y">Y Tabata</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mochizuki, N" uniqKey="Mochizuki N">N Mochizuki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiba, Y" uniqKey="Chiba Y">Y Chiba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nishioka, K" uniqKey="Nishioka K">K Nishioka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miyatake, K" uniqKey="Miyatake K">K Miyatake</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asahara, T" uniqKey="Asahara T">T Asahara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hara, H" uniqKey="Hara H">H Hara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mori, H" uniqKey="Mori H">H Mori</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Yd" uniqKey="Zhao Y">YD Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Courtman, Dw" uniqKey="Courtman D">DW Courtman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Y" uniqKey="Deng Y">Y Deng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kugathasan, L" uniqKey="Kugathasan L">L Kugathasan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Q" uniqKey="Zhang Q">Q Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Dj" uniqKey="Stewart D">DJ Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xx" uniqKey="Wang X">XX Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fr" uniqKey="Zhang F">FR Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shang, Yp" uniqKey="Shang Y">YP Shang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Jh" uniqKey="Zhu J">JH Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, Xd" uniqKey="Xie X">XD Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tao, Qm" uniqKey="Tao Q">QM Tao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jz" uniqKey="Chen J">JZ Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Jh" uniqKey="Zhu J">JH Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Xx" uniqKey="Wang X">XX Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Fr" uniqKey="Zhang F">FR Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shang, Yp" uniqKey="Shang Y">YP Shang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tao, Qm" uniqKey="Tao Q">QM Tao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Jh" uniqKey="Zhu J">JH Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Jz" uniqKey="Chen J">JZ Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeper, Mm" uniqKey="Hoeper M">MM Hoeper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torbicki, A" uniqKey="Torbicki A">A Torbicki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vachiery, Jl" uniqKey="Vachiery J">JL Vachiery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbera, Ja" uniqKey="Barbera J">JA Barbera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beghetti, M" uniqKey="Beghetti M">M Beghetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corris, P" uniqKey="Corris P">P Corris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaine, S" uniqKey="Gaine S">S Gaine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbs, Js" uniqKey="Gibbs J">JS Gibbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomez Sanchez, Ma" uniqKey="Gomez Sanchez M">MA Gomez-Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jondeau, G" uniqKey="Jondeau G">G Jondeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klepetko, W" uniqKey="Klepetko W">W Klepetko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Opitz, C" uniqKey="Opitz C">C Opitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, A" uniqKey="Peacock A">A Peacock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, L" uniqKey="Rubin L">L Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zellweger, M" uniqKey="Zellweger M">M Zellweger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeper, Mm" uniqKey="Hoeper M">MM Hoeper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torbicki, A" uniqKey="Torbicki A">A Torbicki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vachiery, Jl" uniqKey="Vachiery J">JL Vachiery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbera, Ja" uniqKey="Barbera J">JA Barbera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beghetti, M" uniqKey="Beghetti M">M Beghetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corris, P" uniqKey="Corris P">P Corris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaine, S" uniqKey="Gaine S">S Gaine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gibbs, Js" uniqKey="Gibbs J">JS Gibbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomez Sanchez, Ma" uniqKey="Gomez Sanchez M">MA Gomez-Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jondeau, G" uniqKey="Jondeau G">G Jondeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klepetko, W" uniqKey="Klepetko W">W Klepetko</name></author><author><name sortKey="Opitz, C" uniqKey="Opitz C">C Opitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peacock, A" uniqKey="Peacock A">A Peacock</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, L" uniqKey="Rubin L">L Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zellweger, M" uniqKey="Zellweger M">M Zellweger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vahanian, A" uniqKey="Vahanian A">A Vahanian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Auricchio, A" uniqKey="Auricchio A">A Auricchio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bax, J" uniqKey="Bax J">J Bax</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ceconi, C" uniqKey="Ceconi C">C Ceconi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dean, V" uniqKey="Dean V">V Dean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Filippatos, G" uniqKey="Filippatos G">G Filippatos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Funck Brentano, C" uniqKey="Funck Brentano C">C Funck-Brentano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hobbs, R" uniqKey="Hobbs R">R Hobbs</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kearney, P" uniqKey="Kearney P">P Kearney</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonagh, T" uniqKey="Mcdonagh T">T McDonagh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgregor, K" uniqKey="Mcgregor K">K McGregor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Popescu, Ba" uniqKey="Popescu B">BA Popescu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reiner, Z" uniqKey="Reiner Z">Z Reiner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sechtem, U" uniqKey="Sechtem U">U Sechtem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sirnes, Pa" uniqKey="Sirnes P">PA Sirnes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tendera, M" uniqKey="Tendera M">M Tendera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vardas, P" uniqKey="Vardas P">P Vardas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Widimsky, P" uniqKey="Widimsky P">P Widimsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sechtem, U" uniqKey="Sechtem U">U Sechtem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Attar, N" uniqKey="Al Attar N">N Al Attar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andreotti, F" uniqKey="Andreotti F">F Andreotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aschermann, M" uniqKey="Aschermann M">M Aschermann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asteggiano, R" uniqKey="Asteggiano R">R Asteggiano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Benza, R" uniqKey="Benza R">R Benza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Berger, R" uniqKey="Berger R">R Berger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, D" uniqKey="Bonnet D">D Bonnet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delcroix, M" uniqKey="Delcroix M">M Delcroix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, L" uniqKey="Howard L">L Howard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kitsiou, An" uniqKey="Kitsiou A">AN Kitsiou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, I" uniqKey="Lang I">I Lang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maggioni, A" uniqKey="Maggioni A">A Maggioni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen Kudsk, Je" uniqKey="Nielsen Kudsk J">JE Nielsen-Kudsk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Park, M" uniqKey="Park M">M Park</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perrone Filardi, P" uniqKey="Perrone Filardi P">P Perrone-Filardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Price, S" uniqKey="Price S">S Price</name></author><author><name sortKey="Domenech, Mt" uniqKey="Domenech M">MT Domenech</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vonk Noordegraaf, A" uniqKey="Vonk Noordegraaf A">A Vonk-Noordegraaf</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zamorano, Jl" uniqKey="Zamorano J">JL Zamorano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dewachter, L" uniqKey="Dewachter L">L Dewachter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adnot, S" uniqKey="Adnot S">S Adnot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guignabert, C" uniqKey="Guignabert C">C Guignabert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tu, L" uniqKey="Tu L">L Tu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marcos, E" uniqKey="Marcos E">E Marcos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fadel, E" uniqKey="Fadel E">E Fadel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dartevelle, P" uniqKey="Dartevelle P">P Dartevelle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeije, R" uniqKey="Naeije R">R Naeije</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eddahibi, S" uniqKey="Eddahibi S">S Eddahibi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Toshner, M" uniqKey="Toshner M">M Toshner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voswinckel, R" uniqKey="Voswinckel R">R Voswinckel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Southwood, M" uniqKey="Southwood M">M Southwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Lamki, R" uniqKey="Al Lamki R">R Al-Lamki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howard, Ls" uniqKey="Howard L">LS Howard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marchesan, D" uniqKey="Marchesan D">D Marchesan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suntharalingam, J" uniqKey="Suntharalingam J">J Suntharalingam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soon, E" uniqKey="Soon E">E Soon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Exley, A" uniqKey="Exley A">A Exley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, S" uniqKey="Stewart S">S Stewart</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hecker, M" uniqKey="Hecker M">M Hecker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, Z" uniqKey="Zhu Z">Z Zhu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gehling, U" uniqKey="Gehling U">U Gehling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seeger, W" uniqKey="Seeger W">W Seeger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pepke Zaba, J" uniqKey="Pepke Zaba J">J Pepke-Zaba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morrell, Nw" uniqKey="Morrell N">NW Morrell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Teichert Kuliszewska, K" uniqKey="Teichert Kuliszewska K">K Teichert-Kuliszewska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kutryk, Mj" uniqKey="Kutryk M">MJ Kutryk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kuliszewski, Ma" uniqKey="Kuliszewski M">MA Kuliszewski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karoubi, G" uniqKey="Karoubi G">G Karoubi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Courtman, Dw" uniqKey="Courtman D">DW Courtman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zucco, L" uniqKey="Zucco L">L Zucco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Granton, J" uniqKey="Granton J">J Granton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stewart, Dj" uniqKey="Stewart D">DJ Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smadja, Dm" uniqKey="Smadja D">DM Smadja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bieche, I" uniqKey="Bieche I">I Bieche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Susen, S" uniqKey="Susen S">S Susen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mauge, L" uniqKey="Mauge L">L Mauge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laurendeau, I" uniqKey="Laurendeau I">I Laurendeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Udigier, C" uniqKey="D Udigier C">C d’Audigier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grelac, F" uniqKey="Grelac F">F Grelac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Emmerich, J" uniqKey="Emmerich J">J Emmerich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aiach, M" uniqKey="Aiach M">M Aiach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, P" uniqKey="Gaussem P">P Gaussem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smadja, Dm" uniqKey="Smadja D">DM Smadja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bieche, I" uniqKey="Bieche I">I Bieche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helley, D" uniqKey="Helley D">D Helley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laurendeau, I" uniqKey="Laurendeau I">I Laurendeau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonin, G" uniqKey="Simonin G">G Simonin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, L" uniqKey="Muller L">L Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aiach, M" uniqKey="Aiach M">M Aiach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, P" uniqKey="Gaussem P">P Gaussem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smadja, Dm" uniqKey="Smadja D">DM Smadja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bieche, I" uniqKey="Bieche I">I Bieche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Uzan, G" uniqKey="Uzan G">G Uzan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bompais, H" uniqKey="Bompais H">H Bompais</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, L" uniqKey="Muller L">L Muller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boisson Vidal, C" uniqKey="Boisson Vidal C">C Boisson-Vidal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vidaud, M" uniqKey="Vidaud M">M Vidaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aiach, M" uniqKey="Aiach M">M Aiach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, P" uniqKey="Gaussem P">P Gaussem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Foubert, P" uniqKey="Foubert P">P Foubert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silvestre, Js" uniqKey="Silvestre J">JS Silvestre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Souttou, B" uniqKey="Souttou B">B Souttou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barateau, V" uniqKey="Barateau V">V Barateau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, C" uniqKey="Martin C">C Martin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebrahimian, Tg" uniqKey="Ebrahimian T">TG Ebrahimian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lere Dean, C" uniqKey="Lere Dean C">C Lere-Dean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Contreres, Jo" uniqKey="Contreres J">JO Contreres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sulpice, E" uniqKey="Sulpice E">E Sulpice</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Bi" uniqKey="Levy B">BI Levy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Plouet, J" uniqKey="Plouet J">J Plouet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tobelem, G" uniqKey="Tobelem G">G Tobelem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Le Ricousse Roussanne, S" uniqKey="Le Ricousse Roussanne S">S Le Ricousse-Roussanne</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smadja, Dm" uniqKey="Smadja D">DM Smadja</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gaussem, P" uniqKey="Gaussem P">P Gaussem</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mauge, L" uniqKey="Mauge L">L Mauge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Israel Biet, D" uniqKey="Israel Biet D">D Israel-Biet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dignat George, F" uniqKey="Dignat George F">F Dignat-George</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peyrard, S" uniqKey="Peyrard S">S Peyrard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agnoletti, G" uniqKey="Agnoletti G">G Agnoletti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vouhe, Pr" uniqKey="Vouhe P">PR Vouhe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnet, D" uniqKey="Bonnet D">D Bonnet</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, M" uniqKey="Levy M">M Levy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hassoun, Pm" uniqKey="Hassoun P">PM Hassoun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mouthon, L" uniqKey="Mouthon L">L Mouthon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbera, Ja" uniqKey="Barbera J">JA Barbera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Eddahibi, S" uniqKey="Eddahibi S">S Eddahibi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flores, Sc" uniqKey="Flores S">SC Flores</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grimminger, F" uniqKey="Grimminger F">F Grimminger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jones, Pl" uniqKey="Jones P">PL Jones</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maitland, Ml" uniqKey="Maitland M">ML Maitland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michelakis, Ed" uniqKey="Michelakis E">ED Michelakis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morrell, Nw" uniqKey="Morrell N">NW Morrell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newman, Jh" uniqKey="Newman J">JH Newman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rabinovitch, M" uniqKey="Rabinovitch M">M Rabinovitch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schermuly, R" uniqKey="Schermuly R">R Schermuly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stenmark, Kr" uniqKey="Stenmark K">KR Stenmark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Voelkel, Nf" uniqKey="Voelkel N">NF Voelkel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, Jx" uniqKey="Yuan J">JX Yuan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lam, Cf" uniqKey="Lam C">CF Lam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Peterson, Te" uniqKey="Peterson T">TE Peterson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Croatt, Aj" uniqKey="Croatt A">AJ Croatt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nath, Ka" uniqKey="Nath K">KA Nath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Katusic, Zs" uniqKey="Katusic Z">ZS Katusic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Black, Sm" uniqKey="Black S">SM Black</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fineman, Jr" uniqKey="Fineman J">JR Fineman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steinhorn, Rh" uniqKey="Steinhorn R">RH Steinhorn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bristow, J" uniqKey="Bristow J">J Bristow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soifer, Sj" uniqKey="Soifer S">SJ Soifer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Celermajer, Ds" uniqKey="Celermajer D">DS Celermajer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cullen, S" uniqKey="Cullen S">S Cullen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deanfield, Je" uniqKey="Deanfield J">JE Deanfield</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dussault, S" uniqKey="Dussault S">S Dussault</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maingrette, F" uniqKey="Maingrette F">F Maingrette</name></author><author><name sortKey="Menard, C" uniqKey="Menard C">C Menard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michaud, Se" uniqKey="Michaud S">SE Michaud</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, P" uniqKey="Haddad P">P Haddad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groleau, J" uniqKey="Groleau J">J Groleau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turgeon, J" uniqKey="Turgeon J">J Turgeon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perez, G" uniqKey="Perez G">G Perez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rivard, A" uniqKey="Rivard A">A Rivard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Iglarz, M" uniqKey="Iglarz M">M Iglarz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silvestre, Js" uniqKey="Silvestre J">JS Silvestre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duriez, M" uniqKey="Duriez M">M Duriez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henrion, D" uniqKey="Henrion D">D Henrion</name></author><author><name sortKey="Levy, Bi" uniqKey="Levy B">BI Levy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, Ck" uniqKey="Sun C">CK Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Fy" uniqKey="Lee F">FY Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheu, Jj" uniqKey="Sheu J">JJ Sheu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuen, Cm" uniqKey="Yuen C">CM Yuen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chua, S" uniqKey="Chua S">S Chua</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Sy" uniqKey="Chung S">SY Chung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chai, Ht" uniqKey="Chai H">HT Chai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yt" uniqKey="Chen Y">YT Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, Yh" uniqKey="Kao Y">YH Kao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, Lt" uniqKey="Chang L">LT Chang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yip, Hk" uniqKey="Yip H">HK Yip</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Stefano, R" uniqKey="Di Stefano R">R Di Stefano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barsotti, Mc" uniqKey="Barsotti M">MC Barsotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melillo, E" uniqKey="Melillo E">E Melillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Iorio, M" uniqKey="Iorio M">M Iorio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Santoni, T" uniqKey="Santoni T">T Santoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Armani, C" uniqKey="Armani C">C Armani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dell Modarme, M" uniqKey="Dell Modarme M">M Dell’omodarme</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ristori, C" uniqKey="Ristori C">C Ristori</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caterina, R" uniqKey="Caterina R">R Caterina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Balbarini, A" uniqKey="Balbarini A">A Balbarini</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghofrani, Ha" uniqKey="Ghofrani H">HA Ghofrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torbicki, A" uniqKey="Torbicki A">A Torbicki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barst, Rj" uniqKey="Barst R">RJ Barst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badesch, D" uniqKey="Badesch D">D Badesch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming, T" uniqKey="Fleming T">T Fleming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parpia, T" uniqKey="Parpia T">T Parpia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, G" uniqKey="Burgess G">G Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Branzi, A" uniqKey="Branzi A">A Branzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grimminger, F" uniqKey="Grimminger F">F Grimminger</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kurzyna, M" uniqKey="Kurzyna M">M Kurzyna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brundage, Bh" uniqKey="Brundage B">BH Brundage</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghofrani, Ha" uniqKey="Ghofrani H">HA Ghofrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oudiz, Rj" uniqKey="Oudiz R">RJ Oudiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Safdar, Z" uniqKey="Safdar Z">Z Safdar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shapiro, S" uniqKey="Shapiro S">S Shapiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, Rj" uniqKey="White R">RJ White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, M" uniqKey="Chan M">M Chan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beardsworth, A" uniqKey="Beardsworth A">A Beardsworth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frumkin, L" uniqKey="Frumkin L">L Frumkin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barst, Rj" uniqKey="Barst R">RJ Barst</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barst, Rj" uniqKey="Barst R">RJ Barst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming, Tr" uniqKey="Fleming T">TR Fleming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frost, Ae" uniqKey="Frost A">AE Frost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engel, Pj" uniqKey="Engel P">PJ Engel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, Mr" uniqKey="Kramer M">MR Kramer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, G" uniqKey="Burgess G">G Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Collings, L" uniqKey="Collings L">L Collings</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cossons, N" uniqKey="Cossons N">N Cossons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitbon, O" uniqKey="Sitbon O">O Sitbon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badesch, Db" uniqKey="Badesch D">DB Badesch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olschewski, H" uniqKey="Olschewski H">H Olschewski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oudiz, Rj" uniqKey="Oudiz R">RJ Oudiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torres, F" uniqKey="Torres F">F Torres</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frost, A" uniqKey="Frost A">A Frost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghofrani, Ha" uniqKey="Ghofrani H">HA Ghofrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badesch, Db" uniqKey="Badesch D">DB Badesch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgoon, Md" uniqKey="Mcgoon M">MD McGoon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, Vv" uniqKey="Mclaughlin V">VV McLaughlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roecker, Eb" uniqKey="Roecker E">EB Roecker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gerber, Mj" uniqKey="Gerber M">MJ Gerber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dufton, C" uniqKey="Dufton C">C Dufton</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiens, Bl" uniqKey="Wiens B">BL Wiens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Channick, Rn" uniqKey="Channick R">RN Channick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitbon, O" uniqKey="Sitbon O">O Sitbon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robbins, Im" uniqKey="Robbins I">IM Robbins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frost, A" uniqKey="Frost A">A Frost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tapson, Vf" uniqKey="Tapson V">VF Tapson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badesch, Db" uniqKey="Badesch D">DB Badesch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roux, S" uniqKey="Roux S">S Roux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rainisio, M" uniqKey="Rainisio M">M Rainisio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bodin, F" uniqKey="Bodin F">F Bodin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barst, Rj" uniqKey="Barst R">RJ Barst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robbins, Im" uniqKey="Robbins I">IM Robbins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Channick, Rn" uniqKey="Channick R">RN Channick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boonstra, A" uniqKey="Boonstra A">A Boonstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Horn, Em" uniqKey="Horn E">EM Horn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manes, A" uniqKey="Manes A">A Manes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Piaggio, G" uniqKey="Piaggio G">G Piaggio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosti, V" uniqKey="Rosti V">V Rosti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corselli, M" uniqKey="Corselli M">M Corselli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bertolotti, F" uniqKey="Bertolotti F">F Bertolotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bergamaschi, G" uniqKey="Bergamaschi G">G Bergamaschi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pozzi, S" uniqKey="Pozzi S">S Pozzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Imperiale, D" uniqKey="Imperiale D">D Imperiale</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiavarina, B" uniqKey="Chiavarina B">B Chiavarina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonetti, E" uniqKey="Bonetti E">E Bonetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Novara, F" uniqKey="Novara F">F Novara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sessarego, M" uniqKey="Sessarego M">M Sessarego</name></author><author><name sortKey="Villani, L" uniqKey="Villani L">L Villani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garuti, A" uniqKey="Garuti A">A Garuti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Massa, A" uniqKey="Massa A">A Massa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghio, R" uniqKey="Ghio R">R Ghio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Campanelli, R" uniqKey="Campanelli R">R Campanelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bacigalupo, A" uniqKey="Bacigalupo A">A Bacigalupo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pecci, A" uniqKey="Pecci A">A Pecci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viarengo, G" uniqKey="Viarengo G">G Viarengo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zuffardi, O" uniqKey="Zuffardi O">O Zuffardi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frassoni, F" uniqKey="Frassoni F">F Frassoni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barosi, G" uniqKey="Barosi G">G Barosi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barst, Rj" uniqKey="Barst R">RJ Barst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Long, Wa" uniqKey="Long W">WA Long</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgoon, Md" uniqKey="Mcgoon M">MD McGoon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rich, S" uniqKey="Rich S">S Rich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Badesch, Db" uniqKey="Badesch D">DB Badesch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Groves, Bm" uniqKey="Groves B">BM Groves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tapson, Vf" uniqKey="Tapson V">VF Tapson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourge, Rc" uniqKey="Bourge R">RC Bourge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brundage, Bh" uniqKey="Brundage B">BH Brundage</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Humbert, M" uniqKey="Humbert M">M Humbert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vachiery, Jl" uniqKey="Vachiery J">JL Vachiery</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vizza, Cd" uniqKey="Vizza C">CD Vizza</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kneussl, M" uniqKey="Kneussl M">M Kneussl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manes, A" uniqKey="Manes A">A Manes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitbon, O" uniqKey="Sitbon O">O Sitbon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Torbicki, A" uniqKey="Torbicki A">A Torbicki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delcroix, M" uniqKey="Delcroix M">M Delcroix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeije, R" uniqKey="Naeije R">R Naeije</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeper, M" uniqKey="Hoeper M">M Hoeper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaouat, A" uniqKey="Chaouat A">A Chaouat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morand, S" uniqKey="Morand S">S Morand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Besse, B" uniqKey="Besse B">B Besse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barst, Rj" uniqKey="Barst R">RJ Barst</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeije, R" uniqKey="Naeije R">R Naeije</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rich, S" uniqKey="Rich S">S Rich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bourge, Rc" uniqKey="Bourge R">RC Bourge</name></author><author><name sortKey="Keogh, A" uniqKey="Keogh A">A Keogh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oudiz, R" uniqKey="Oudiz R">R Oudiz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frost, A" uniqKey="Frost A">A Frost</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blackburn, Sd" uniqKey="Blackburn S">SD Blackburn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crow, Jw" uniqKey="Crow J">JW Crow</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Olschewski, H" uniqKey="Olschewski H">H Olschewski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonneau, G" uniqKey="Simonneau G">G Simonneau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galie, N" uniqKey="Galie N">N Galie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Higenbottam, T" uniqKey="Higenbottam T">T Higenbottam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naeije, R" uniqKey="Naeije R">R Naeije</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rubin, Lj" uniqKey="Rubin L">LJ Rubin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nikkho, S" uniqKey="Nikkho S">S Nikkho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Speich, R" uniqKey="Speich R">R Speich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoeper, Mm" uniqKey="Hoeper M">MM Hoeper</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behr, J" uniqKey="Behr J">J Behr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winkler, J" uniqKey="Winkler J">J Winkler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sitbon, O" uniqKey="Sitbon O">O Sitbon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Popov, W" uniqKey="Popov W">W Popov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ghofrani, Ha" uniqKey="Ghofrani H">HA Ghofrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manes, A" uniqKey="Manes A">A Manes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiely, Dg" uniqKey="Kiely D">DG Kiely</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ewert, R" uniqKey="Ewert R">R Ewert</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, A" uniqKey="Meyer A">A Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corris, Pa" uniqKey="Corris P">PA Corris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delcroix, M" uniqKey="Delcroix M">M Delcroix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gomez Sanchez, M" uniqKey="Gomez Sanchez M">M Gomez-Sanchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siedentop, H" uniqKey="Siedentop H">H Siedentop</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seeger, W" uniqKey="Seeger W">W Seeger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Angiogenesis</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Angiogenesis</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0969-6970</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1573-7209</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Springer Netherlands</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Dordrecht</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21049284</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3040815</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">9192</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10456-010-9192-y</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Paper</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Smadja</surname><given-names>David M.</given-names></name><address><phone>+33-1-56093933</phone><fax>+33-1-56093393</fax><email>david.smadja@egp.aphp.fr</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mauge</surname><given-names>Laetitia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaussem</surname><given-names>Pascale</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>d’Audigier</surname><given-names>Clément</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Israel-Biet</surname><given-names>Dominique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Celermajer</surname><given-names>David S.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bonnet</surname><given-names>Damien</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lévy</surname><given-names>Marilyne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff7">7</xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>Inserm Unité 765, Faculté de Pharmacie, and AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Haematology Department, 20 rue leblanc, 75015 Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Pneumology Department, Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>Vascular Biology Program, Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA</aff><aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>UPRES EA4068, UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères, Paris, France</aff><aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia</aff><aff id="Aff7"><label>7</label>AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>11</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>4</day><month>11</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>3</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>27</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>9</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day><month>10</month><year>2010</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2010</copyright-statement></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Pulmonary vasodilators in general and prostacyclin therapy in particular, have markedly improved the outcome of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As endothelial dysfunction is a key feature of PAH, and as endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) may contribute to vascular repair in PAH, we suspected that prostacyclin therapy might enhance EPC numbers and functions. In the present study, objectives were to determine whether EPC may contribute to vasodilator treatment efficacy in PAH.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We quantified CD34+ cells, CFU-Hill and ECFC (endothelial colony forming cells) in peripheral blood from children with idiopathic PAH (<italic>n</italic> = 27) or PAH secondary to congenital heart disease (<italic>n</italic> = 52). CD34+ were enumerated by flow cytometry, CFU-Hill and ECFC by a culture assay. ECFC grown ex vivo were tested for their angiogenic capacities before and after prostacyclin analog therapy (subcutaneous treprostinil).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>ECFC counts were significantly enhanced in the 8 children treated with treprostinil, while no change was observed in children receiving oral therapy with endothelin antagonists and/or PDE5 inhibitors. CD34+ cell and CFU-Hill counts were unaffected. ECFC from patients treated with treprostinil had a hyperproliferative phenotype and showed enhanced angiogenic potential in a nude mouse preclinical model of limb ischemia.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>ECFC may partly mediate the clinical benefits of prostanoids in pulmonary arterial hypertension.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Pulmonary hypertension</kwd><kwd>Congenital heart disease</kwd><kwd>Vasodilator treatment</kwd><kwd>Treprostinil</kwd><kwd>EPC</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Massachusetts</li><li>Nouvelle-Galles du Sud</li><li>Île-de-France</li></region><settlement><li>Paris</li><li>Sydney</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Paris-Descartes</li><li>Université de Sydney</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="France"><region name="Île-de-France"><name sortKey="Smadja, David M" sort="Smadja, David M" uniqKey="Smadja D" first="David M." last="Smadja">David M. Smadja</name></region><name sortKey="Bonnet, Damien" sort="Bonnet, Damien" uniqKey="Bonnet D" first="Damien" last="Bonnet">Damien Bonnet</name><name sortKey="Bonnet, Damien" sort="Bonnet, Damien" uniqKey="Bonnet D" first="Damien" last="Bonnet">Damien Bonnet</name><name sortKey="D Udigier, Clement" sort="D Udigier, Clement" uniqKey="D Udigier C" first="Clément" last="D Udigier">Clément D Udigier</name><name sortKey="D Udigier, Clement" sort="D Udigier, Clement" uniqKey="D Udigier C" first="Clément" last="D Udigier">Clément D Udigier</name><name sortKey="Gaussem, Pascale" sort="Gaussem, Pascale" uniqKey="Gaussem P" first="Pascale" last="Gaussem">Pascale Gaussem</name><name sortKey="Gaussem, Pascale" sort="Gaussem, Pascale" uniqKey="Gaussem P" first="Pascale" last="Gaussem">Pascale Gaussem</name><name sortKey="Israel Biet, Dominique" sort="Israel Biet, Dominique" uniqKey="Israel Biet D" first="Dominique" last="Israel-Biet">Dominique Israel-Biet</name><name sortKey="Israel Biet, Dominique" sort="Israel Biet, Dominique" uniqKey="Israel Biet D" first="Dominique" last="Israel-Biet">Dominique Israel-Biet</name><name sortKey="Israel Biet, Dominique" sort="Israel Biet, Dominique" uniqKey="Israel Biet D" first="Dominique" last="Israel-Biet">Dominique Israel-Biet</name><name sortKey="Levy, Marilyne" sort="Levy, Marilyne" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Marilyne" last="Lévy">Marilyne Lévy</name><name sortKey="Levy, Marilyne" sort="Levy, Marilyne" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Marilyne" last="Lévy">Marilyne Lévy</name><name sortKey="Levy, Marilyne" sort="Levy, Marilyne" uniqKey="Levy M" first="Marilyne" last="Lévy">Marilyne Lévy</name><name sortKey="Mauge, Laetitia" sort="Mauge, Laetitia" uniqKey="Mauge L" first="Laetitia" last="Mauge">Laetitia Mauge</name><name sortKey="Mauge, Laetitia" sort="Mauge, Laetitia" uniqKey="Mauge L" first="Laetitia" last="Mauge">Laetitia Mauge</name><name sortKey="Smadja, David M" sort="Smadja, David M" uniqKey="Smadja D" first="David M." last="Smadja">David M. Smadja</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Massachusetts"><name sortKey="Smadja, David M" sort="Smadja, David M" uniqKey="Smadja D" first="David M." last="Smadja">David M. Smadja</name></region></country><country name="Australie"><region name="Nouvelle-Galles du Sud"><name sortKey="Celermajer, David S" sort="Celermajer, David S" uniqKey="Celermajer D" first="David S." last="Celermajer">David S. Celermajer</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002447 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002447 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:3040815
|texte= Treprostinil increases the number and angiogenic potential of endothelial progenitor cells in children with pulmonary hypertension
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:21049284" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |