The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31
Identifieur interne : 003429 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 003428; suivant : 003430The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31
Auteurs : Alan W. Mcconnachie [Canada] ; Michael J. Irwin [Royaume-Uni] ; Rodrigo A. Ibata [France] ; John Dubinski [Canada] ; Lawrence M. Widrow [Canada] ; Nicolas F. Martin [Allemagne] ; Patrick Cote [Canada] ; Aaron L. Dotter [Canada] ; Julio F. Navarro [Canada] ; Annette M. N. Ferguson [Royaume-Uni] ; Thomas H. Puzia [Canada] ; Geraint F. Lewis [Australie] ; Arif Babu [Canada] ; Pauline Barmby [Canada] ; Olivier Bienayme [France] ; Scott C. Chapman [Royaume-Uni] ; Robert Cockcroft [Canada] ; Michellel M. Collins [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark A. Fardal [États-Unis] ; William E. Harris [Canada] ; Avon Huxor [Royaume-Uni] ; A. Dougal Mackey [Royaume-Uni] ; Jorge Penarrubia [Royaume-Uni] ; R. Michael Rich [États-Unis] ; Harvey B. Richer [Canada] ; Arnaud Siebert [France] ; Nial Tanvir [Royaume-Uni] ; David Valls-Gabaud [France] ; Kimberly A. Venn [Canada]Source :
- Nature : (London) [ 0028-0836 ] ; 2009.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Cosmologie.
English descriptors
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Abstract
In hierarchical cosmological models', galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach 10-100 times the radius of the central disk2,3. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history4, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than Mv = -6 await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.
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Ferguson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puzia, Thomas H" sort="Puzia, Thomas H" uniqKey="Puzia T" first="Thomas H." last="Puzia">Thomas H. Puzia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V9E 2E7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Geraint F" sort="Lewis, Geraint F" uniqKey="Lewis G" first="Geraint F." last="Lewis">Geraint F. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney</s1><s2>NSW 2006</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, Arif" sort="Babu, Arif" uniqKey="Babu A" first="Arif" last="Babu">Arif Babu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barmby, Pauline" sort="Barmby, Pauline" uniqKey="Barmby P" first="Pauline" last="Barmby">Pauline Barmby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street</s1><s2>London, Ontario, N6A 3K7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bienayme, Olivier" sort="Bienayme, Olivier" uniqKey="Bienayme O" first="Olivier" last="Bienayme">Olivier Bienayme</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg,11, rue de l'Université</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Scott C" sort="Chapman, Scott C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="Scott C." last="Chapman">Scott C. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cockcroft, Robert" sort="Cockcroft, Robert" uniqKey="Cockcroft R" first="Robert" last="Cockcroft">Robert Cockcroft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University</s1><s2>Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4Ml</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Michellel M" sort="Collins, Michellel M" uniqKey="Collins M" first="Michellel M." last="Collins">Michellel M. Collins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fardal, Mark A" sort="Fardal, Mark A" uniqKey="Fardal M" first="Mark A." last="Fardal">Mark A. Fardal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>University of Massachusetts, Department of Astronomy, LGRT 619-E, 710 N. Pleasant Street</s1><s2>Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9305</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, William E" sort="Harris, William E" uniqKey="Harris W" first="William E." last="Harris">William E. Harris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University</s1><s2>Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4Ml</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huxor, Avon" sort="Huxor, Avon" uniqKey="Huxor A" first="Avon" last="Huxor">Avon Huxor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Physics (Astrophysics Group), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue</s1><s2>Bristol BS81TL</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackey, A Dougal" sort="Mackey, A Dougal" uniqKey="Mackey A" first="A. Dougal" last="Mackey">A. Dougal Mackey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penarrubia, Jorge" sort="Penarrubia, Jorge" uniqKey="Penarrubia J" first="Jorge" last="Penarrubia">Jorge Penarrubia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rich, R Michael" sort="Rich, R Michael" uniqKey="Rich R" first="R. Michael" last="Rich">R. Michael Rich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, PAB, 430 Portola Plaza</s1><s2>Los Angeles, California 90095-1547</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richer, Harvey B" sort="Richer, Harvey B" uniqKey="Richer H" first="Harvey B." last="Richer">Harvey B. Richer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6224 Agricultural Road, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, Arnaud" sort="Siebert, Arnaud" uniqKey="Siebert A" first="Arnaud" last="Siebert">Arnaud Siebert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg,11, rue de l'Université</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, Nial" sort="Tanvir, Nial" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="Nial" last="Tanvir">Nial Tanvir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester</s1><s2>Leicester LE1 7RH</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valls Gabaud, David" sort="Valls Gabaud, David" uniqKey="Valls Gabaud D" first="David" last="Valls-Gabaud">David Valls-Gabaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Laboratoire Galaxies et Étoiles, Physique et Instrumentation, CNRS UMR 8111, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen</s1><s2>92195 Meudon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venn, Kimberly A" sort="Venn, Kimberly A" uniqKey="Venn K" first="Kimberly A." last="Venn">Kimberly A. Venn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">09-0386067</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 09-0386067 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:09-0386067</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">002B94</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">003429</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31</title><author><name sortKey="Mcconnachie, Alan W" sort="Mcconnachie, Alan W" uniqKey="Mcconnachie A" first="Alan W." last="Mcconnachie">Alan W. Mcconnachie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V9E 2E7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Irwin, Michael J" sort="Irwin, Michael J" uniqKey="Irwin M" first="Michael J." last="Irwin">Michael J. Irwin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ibata, Rodrigo A" sort="Ibata, Rodrigo A" uniqKey="Ibata R" first="Rodrigo A." last="Ibata">Rodrigo A. Ibata</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg,11, rue de l'Université</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dubinski, John" sort="Dubinski, John" uniqKey="Dubinski J" first="John" last="Dubinski">John Dubinski</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street</s1><s2>Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H4</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Widrow, Lawrence M" sort="Widrow, Lawrence M" uniqKey="Widrow L" first="Lawrence M." last="Widrow">Lawrence M. Widrow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy Queen's University</s1><s2>Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martin, Nicolas F" sort="Martin, Nicolas F" uniqKey="Martin N" first="Nicolas F." last="Martin">Nicolas F. Martin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>MaxPlanck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17</s1><s2>69117 Heidelberg</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cote, Patrick" sort="Cote, Patrick" uniqKey="Cote P" first="Patrick" last="Cote">Patrick Cote</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V9E 2E7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dotter, Aaron L" sort="Dotter, Aaron L" uniqKey="Dotter A" first="Aaron L." last="Dotter">Aaron L. Dotter</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Navarro, Julio F" sort="Navarro, Julio F" uniqKey="Navarro J" first="Julio F." last="Navarro">Julio F. Navarro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferguson, Annette M N" sort="Ferguson, Annette M N" uniqKey="Ferguson A" first="Annette M. N." last="Ferguson">Annette M. N. Ferguson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puzia, Thomas H" sort="Puzia, Thomas H" uniqKey="Puzia T" first="Thomas H." last="Puzia">Thomas H. Puzia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V9E 2E7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Geraint F" sort="Lewis, Geraint F" uniqKey="Lewis G" first="Geraint F." last="Lewis">Geraint F. Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="09"><s1>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney</s1><s2>NSW 2006</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Australie</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Babu, Arif" sort="Babu, Arif" uniqKey="Babu A" first="Arif" last="Babu">Arif Babu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barmby, Pauline" sort="Barmby, Pauline" uniqKey="Barmby P" first="Pauline" last="Barmby">Pauline Barmby</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street</s1><s2>London, Ontario, N6A 3K7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bienayme, Olivier" sort="Bienayme, Olivier" uniqKey="Bienayme O" first="Olivier" last="Bienayme">Olivier Bienayme</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg,11, rue de l'Université</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chapman, Scott C" sort="Chapman, Scott C" uniqKey="Chapman S" first="Scott C." last="Chapman">Scott C. Chapman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cockcroft, Robert" sort="Cockcroft, Robert" uniqKey="Cockcroft R" first="Robert" last="Cockcroft">Robert Cockcroft</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University</s1><s2>Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4Ml</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Collins, Michellel M" sort="Collins, Michellel M" uniqKey="Collins M" first="Michellel M." last="Collins">Michellel M. Collins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fardal, Mark A" sort="Fardal, Mark A" uniqKey="Fardal M" first="Mark A." last="Fardal">Mark A. Fardal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="12"><s1>University of Massachusetts, Department of Astronomy, LGRT 619-E, 710 N. Pleasant Street</s1><s2>Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9305</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Harris, William E" sort="Harris, William E" uniqKey="Harris W" first="William E." last="Harris">William E. Harris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University</s1><s2>Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4Ml</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huxor, Avon" sort="Huxor, Avon" uniqKey="Huxor A" first="Avon" last="Huxor">Avon Huxor</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Physics (Astrophysics Group), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue</s1><s2>Bristol BS81TL</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mackey, A Dougal" sort="Mackey, A Dougal" uniqKey="Mackey A" first="A. Dougal" last="Mackey">A. Dougal Mackey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Penarrubia, Jorge" sort="Penarrubia, Jorge" uniqKey="Penarrubia J" first="Jorge" last="Penarrubia">Jorge Penarrubia</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rich, R Michael" sort="Rich, R Michael" uniqKey="Rich R" first="R. Michael" last="Rich">R. Michael Rich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, PAB, 430 Portola Plaza</s1><s2>Los Angeles, California 90095-1547</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richer, Harvey B" sort="Richer, Harvey B" uniqKey="Richer H" first="Harvey B." last="Richer">Harvey B. Richer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6224 Agricultural Road, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Siebert, Arnaud" sort="Siebert, Arnaud" uniqKey="Siebert A" first="Arnaud" last="Siebert">Arnaud Siebert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg,11, rue de l'Université</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tanvir, Nial" sort="Tanvir, Nial" uniqKey="Tanvir N" first="Nial" last="Tanvir">Nial Tanvir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="16"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester</s1><s2>Leicester LE1 7RH</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Royaume-Uni</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Valls Gabaud, David" sort="Valls Gabaud, David" uniqKey="Valls Gabaud D" first="David" last="Valls-Gabaud">David Valls-Gabaud</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="17"><s1>Laboratoire Galaxies et Étoiles, Physique et Instrumentation, CNRS UMR 8111, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen</s1><s2>92195 Meudon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>France</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Venn, Kimberly A" sort="Venn, Kimberly A" uniqKey="Venn K" first="Kimberly A." last="Venn">Kimberly A. Venn</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Nature : (London)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Nature : (Lond.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Nature : (London)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Nature : (Lond.)</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-0836</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Accretion</term><term>Cosmological models</term><term>Cosmology</term><term>Dwarf galaxies</term><term>Galaxy formation</term><term>Galaxy structure</term><term>Luminosity</term><term>Morphology</term><term>Stellar structure</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Formation galaxies</term><term>Modèle cosmologique</term><term>Galaxies naines</term><term>Accrétion</term><term>Luminosité</term><term>Morphologie</term><term>Structure stellaire</term><term>Structure galaxies</term><term>Cosmologie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cosmologie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In hierarchical cosmological models', galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach 10-100 times the radius of the central disk<sup>2,3</sup>. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history<sup>4</sup>, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than M<sub>v</sub> = -6 await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0028-0836</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>NATUAS</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>Nature : (Lond.)</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>461</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>7260</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>MCCONNACHIE (Alan W.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>IRWIN (Michael J.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>IBATA (Rodrigo A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>DUBINSKI (John)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>WIDROW (Lawrence M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>MARTIN (Nicolas F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>COTE (Patrick)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>DOTTER (Aaron L.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>NAVARRO (Julio F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>FERGUSON (Annette M. N.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>PUZIA (Thomas H.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="12" i2="1"><s1>LEWIS (Geraint F.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="13" i2="1"><s1>BABU (Arif)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="14" i2="1"><s1>BARMBY (Pauline)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="15" i2="1"><s1>BIENAYME (Olivier)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="16" i2="1"><s1>CHAPMAN (Scott C.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="17" i2="1"><s1>COCKCROFT (Robert)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="18" i2="1"><s1>COLLINS (MichelleL M.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="19" i2="1"><s1>FARDAL (Mark A.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="20" i2="1"><s1>HARRIS (William E.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="21" i2="1"><s1>HUXOR (Avon)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="22" i2="1"><s1>MACKEY (A. Dougal)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="23" i2="1"><s1>PENARRUBIA (Jorge)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="24" i2="1"><s1>RICH (R. Michael)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="25" i2="1"><s1>RICHER (Harvey B.)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="26" i2="1"><s1>SIEBERT (Arnaud)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="27" i2="1"><s1>TANVIR (Nial)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="28" i2="1"><s1>VALLS-GABAUD (David)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="29" i2="1"><s1>VENN (Kimberly A.)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V9E 2E7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road</s1><s2>Cambridge CB3 OHA</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>16 aut.</sZ><sZ>18 aut.</sZ><sZ>23 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Observatoire de Strasbourg,11, rue de l'Université</s1><s2>67000 Strasbourg</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>15 aut.</sZ><sZ>26 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street</s1><s2>Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H4</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy Queen's University</s1><s2>Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>MaxPlanck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17</s1><s2>69117 Heidelberg</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road</s1><s2>Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5C2</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ><sZ>13 aut.</sZ><sZ>29 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill</s1><s2>Edinburgh EH9 3HJ</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ><sZ>22 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="09"><s1>Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney</s1><s2>NSW 2006</s2><s3>AUS</s3><sZ>12 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="10"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street</s1><s2>London, Ontario, N6A 3K7</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>14 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="11"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University</s1><s2>Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4Ml</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>17 aut.</sZ><sZ>20 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="12"><s1>University of Massachusetts, Department of Astronomy, LGRT 619-E, 710 N. Pleasant Street</s1><s2>Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9305</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>19 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="13"><s1>Department of Physics (Astrophysics Group), H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue</s1><s2>Bristol BS81TL</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>21 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="14"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, PAB, 430 Portola Plaza</s1><s2>Los Angeles, California 90095-1547</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>24 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="15"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, 6224 Agricultural Road, University of British Columbia</s1><s2>Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>25 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="16"><s1>Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester</s1><s2>Leicester LE1 7RH</s2><s3>GBR</s3><sZ>27 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="17"><s1>Laboratoire Galaxies et Étoiles, Physique et Instrumentation, CNRS UMR 8111, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen</s1><s2>92195 Meudon</s2><s3>FRA</s3><sZ>28 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>66-69</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2009</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>142</s2><s5>354000171844180110</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>30 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>09-0386067</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1><s3>CR</s3></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Nature : (London)</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>GBR</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>In hierarchical cosmological models', galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach 10-100 times the radius of the central disk<sup>2,3</sup>. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history<sup>4</sup>, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than M<sub>v</sub> = -6 await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="3"><s0>001E03D62A</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Formation galaxies</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Galaxy formation</s0><s5>26</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Modèle cosmologique</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Cosmological models</s0><s5>27</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Galaxies naines</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Dwarf galaxies</s0><s5>28</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Accrétion</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Accretion</s0><s5>29</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Luminosité</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Luminosity</s0><s5>30</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Morphologie</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Morphology</s0><s5>31</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Structure stellaire</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Stellar structure</s0><s5>32</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Structure galaxies</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Galaxy structure</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="08" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Estructura galaxias</s0><s5>33</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="FRE"><s0>Cosmologie</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="09" i2="3" l="ENG"><s0>Cosmology</s0><s5>34</s5></fC03><fN21><s1>278</s1></fN21></pA></standard></inist></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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