AustralieFrV1, PascalFrancis, Corpus, bibRecord, 001741

A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa

Identifieur interne : 001741 ( PascalFrancis/Corpus ); précédent : 001740; suivant : 001742

A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa

Auteurs : Christopher S. Henshilwood ; Francesco D'Errico ; Karen L. Van Niekerk ; Yvan Coquinot ; Zenobia Jacobs ; Stein-Erik Lauritzen ; Michel Menu ; Renata Garcia-Moreno

Source :

Science : (Washington, D.C.) [ 0036-8075 ] ; 2011.

RBID : Pascal:12-0015384

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Préhistoire, République Sud Africaine, Technologie, Grotte, Ocre, Excavation, Archéologie, Coquille, Mollusca, Industrie lithique, Datation, Thermoluminescence, Luminescence stimulée optiquement, Th-U, Pigment, Ornementation, Grotte Blombos, Haliotis midae.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Mollusca, OSL, Prehistoric artefacts, Prehistory, South Africa, Th/U, archaeology, caves, dating, excavations, ocher, ornamentation, pigments, shells, technology, thermoluminescence.

Abstract

The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.

Notice en format standard (ISO 2709)

Pour connaître la documentation sur le format Inist Standard.

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A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 D'ERRICO (Francesco)`
A11	`03`	`1`		`@1 VAN NIEKERK (Karen L.)`
A11	`04`	`1`		`@1 COQUINOT (Yvan)`
A11	`05`	`1`		`@1 JACOBS (Zenobia)`
A11	`06`	`1`		`@1 LAURITZEN (Stein-Erik)`
A11	`07`	`1`		`@1 MENU (Michel)`
A11	`08`	`1`		`@1 GARCIA-MORENO (Renata)`
A14	`01`			`@1 Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religion, University of Bergen, 0ysteinsgate 3 @2 5007 Bergen @3 NOR @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut. @Z 3 aut.`
A14	`02`			`@1 Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand @2 Johannesburg @3 ZAF @Z 1 aut.`
A14	`03`			`@1 Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199 CNRS, Avenue des Facultés @2 33405 Talence @3 FRA @Z 2 aut. @Z 8 aut.`
A14	`04`			`@1 Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, UMR 171 CNRS, Palais du Louvre, 14 Quai François Mitterrand @2 75001 Paris @3 FRA @Z 4 aut. @Z 7 aut.`
A14	`05`			`@1 Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong @2 Wollongong 2522 @3 AUS @Z 5 aut.`
A14	`06`			`@1 Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41 @2 5007 Bergen @3 NOR @Z 6 aut.`
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C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.
C02	`01`	`2`		`@0 001E01P02`
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C02	`03`	`2`		`@0 226C02`
C02	`04`	`2`		`@0 227A04`
C03	`01`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Préhistoire @5 01`
C03	`01`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Prehistory @5 01`
C03	`02`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 République Sud Africaine @2 NG @5 02`
C03	`02`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 South Africa @2 NG @5 02`
C03	`02`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 República de Sudáfrica @2 NG @5 02`
C03	`03`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Technologie @5 03`
C03	`03`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 technology @5 03`
C03	`03`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Tecnología @5 03`
C03	`04`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Grotte @5 04`
C03	`04`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 caves @5 04`
C03	`04`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Gruta @5 04`
C03	`05`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Ocre @5 05`
C03	`05`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 ocher @5 05`
C03	`05`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Ocre @5 05`
C03	`06`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Excavation @5 06`
C03	`06`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 excavations @5 06`
C03	`06`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Excavación @5 06`
C03	`07`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Archéologie @5 07`
C03	`07`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 archaeology @5 07`
C03	`07`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Arqueología @5 07`
C03	`08`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Coquille @5 08`
C03	`08`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 shells @5 08`
C03	`08`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Concha @5 08`
C03	`09`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Mollusca @2 NY @5 09`
C03	`09`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Mollusca @2 NY @5 09`
C03	`09`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Mollusca @2 NY @5 09`
C03	`10`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Industrie lithique @5 10`
C03	`10`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Prehistoric artefacts @5 10`
C03	`10`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Artefacto @5 10`
C03	`11`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Datation @5 12`
C03	`11`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 dating @5 12`
C03	`11`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Fechado @5 12`
C03	`12`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Thermoluminescence @5 13`
C03	`12`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 thermoluminescence @5 13`
C03	`12`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Termoluminescencia @5 13`
C03	`13`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Luminescence stimulée optiquement @5 14`
C03	`13`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 OSL @5 14`
C03	`14`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Th-U @5 15`
C03	`14`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Th/U @5 15`
C03	`14`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Th-U @5 15`
C03	`15`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Pigment @5 16`
C03	`15`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 pigments @5 16`
C03	`15`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Pigmento @5 16`
C03	`16`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Ornementation @5 17`
C03	`16`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 ornamentation @5 17`
C03	`17`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Grotte Blombos @4 INC @5 52`
C03	`18`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Haliotis midae @4 INC @5 53`
C07	`01`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Afrique du Sud @2 NG`
C07	`01`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Southern Africa @2 NG`
C07	`01`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 África Sur @2 NG`
C07	`02`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Afrique @2 564`
C07	`02`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Africa @2 564`
C07	`02`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Africa @2 564`
C07	`03`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Invertebrata @2 NY`
C07	`03`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Invertebrata @2 NY`
C07	`03`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Invertebrata @2 NY`
N21				`@1 002`
N44	`01`			`@1 PSI`
N82				`@1 PSI`

Format Inist (serveur)

NO :	PASCAL 12-0015384 INIST
ET :	A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa
AU :	HENSHILWOOD (Christopher S.); D'ERRICO (Francesco); VAN NIEKERK (Karen L.); COQUINOT (Yvan); JACOBS (Zenobia); LAURITZEN (Stein-Erik); MENU (Michel); GARCIA-MORENO (Renata)
AF :	Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religion, University of Bergen, 0ysteinsgate 3/5007 Bergen/Norvège (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut.); Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand/Johannesburg/Afrique du Sud (1 aut.); Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199 CNRS, Avenue des Facultés/33405 Talence/France (2 aut., 8 aut.); Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, UMR 171 CNRS, Palais du Louvre, 14 Quai François Mitterrand/75001 Paris/France (4 aut., 7 aut.); Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong/Wollongong 2522/Australie (5 aut.); Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41/5007 Bergen/Norvège (6 aut.)
DT :	Publication en série; Compte-rendu; Niveau analytique
SO :	Science : (Washington, D.C.); ISSN 0036-8075; Coden SCIEAS; Etats-Unis; Da. 2011; Vol. 334; No. 6053; Pp. 219-222; Bibl. 18 ref.
LA :	Anglais
EA :	The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.
CC :	001E01P02; 001E01Q04; 226C02; 227A04
FD :	Préhistoire; République Sud Africaine; Technologie; Grotte; Ocre; Excavation; Archéologie; Coquille; Mollusca; Industrie lithique; Datation; Thermoluminescence; Luminescence stimulée optiquement; Th-U; Pigment; Ornementation; Grotte Blombos; Haliotis midae
FG :	Afrique du Sud; Afrique; Invertebrata
ED :	Prehistory; South Africa; technology; caves; ocher; excavations; archaeology; shells; Mollusca; Prehistoric artefacts; dating; thermoluminescence; OSL; Th/U; pigments; ornamentation
EG :	Southern Africa; Africa; Invertebrata
SD :	República de Sudáfrica; Tecnología; Gruta; Ocre; Excavación; Arqueología; Concha; Mollusca; Artefacto; Fechado; Termoluminescencia; Th-U; Pigmento
LO :	INIST-6040.354000507241200240
ID :	12-0015384

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:12-0015384

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Jacobs, Zenobia" sort="Jacobs, Zenobia" uniqKey="Jacobs Z" first="Zenobia" last="Jacobs">Zenobia Jacobs</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lauritzen, Stein Erik" sort="Lauritzen, Stein Erik" uniqKey="Lauritzen S" first="Stein-Erik" last="Lauritzen">Stein-Erik Lauritzen</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Menu, Michel" sort="Menu, Michel" uniqKey="Menu M" first="Michel" last="Menu">Michel Menu</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, UMR 171 CNRS, Palais du Louvre, 14 Quai François Mitterrand</s1>
<s2>75001 Paris</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Moreno, Renata" sort="Garcia Moreno, Renata" uniqKey="Garcia Moreno R" first="Renata" last="Garcia-Moreno">Renata Garcia-Moreno</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199 CNRS, Avenue des Facultés</s1>
<s2>33405 Talence</s2>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Mollusca</term>
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<term>South Africa</term>
<term>Th/U</term>
<term>archaeology</term>
<term>caves</term>
<term>dating</term>
<term>excavations</term>
<term>ocher</term>
<term>ornamentation</term>
<term>pigments</term>
<term>shells</term>
<term>technology</term>
<term>thermoluminescence</term>
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<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Préhistoire</term>
<term>République Sud Africaine</term>
<term>Technologie</term>
<term>Grotte</term>
<term>Ocre</term>
<term>Excavation</term>
<term>Archéologie</term>
<term>Coquille</term>
<term>Mollusca</term>
<term>Industrie lithique</term>
<term>Datation</term>
<term>Thermoluminescence</term>
<term>Luminescence stimulée optiquement</term>
<term>Th-U</term>
<term>Pigment</term>
<term>Ornementation</term>
<term>Grotte Blombos</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.</div>
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<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>HENSHILWOOD (Christopher S.)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>D'ERRICO (Francesco)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>VAN NIEKERK (Karen L.)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>COQUINOT (Yvan)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>JACOBS (Zenobia)</s1>
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<fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>LAURITZEN (Stein-Erik)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>MENU (Michel)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>GARCIA-MORENO (Renata)</s1>
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<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religion, University of Bergen, 0ysteinsgate 3</s1>
<s2>5007 Bergen</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
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<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand</s1>
<s2>Johannesburg</s2>
<s3>ZAF</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199 CNRS, Avenue des Facultés</s1>
<s2>33405 Talence</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>8 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04"><s1>Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, UMR 171 CNRS, Palais du Louvre, 14 Quai François Mitterrand</s1>
<s2>75001 Paris</s2>
<s3>FRA</s3>
<sZ>4 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>7 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="05"><s1>Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong</s1>
<s2>Wollongong 2522</s2>
<s3>AUS</s3>
<sZ>5 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="06"><s1>Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41</s1>
<s2>5007 Bergen</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>6 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>219-222</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2011</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>6040</s2>
<s5>354000507241200240</s5>
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<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2012 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>18 ref.</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>12-0015384</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
<s3>C</s3>
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<fA61><s0>A</s0>
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<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
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<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="2"><s0>001E01P02</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="2"><s0>001E01Q04</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="2"><s0>226C02</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="04" i2="2"><s0>227A04</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Préhistoire</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Prehistory</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>République Sud Africaine</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>South Africa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>República de Sudáfrica</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Technologie</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>technology</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Tecnología</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
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<fC03 i1="04" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Grotte</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>caves</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Gruta</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Ocre</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>ocher</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Ocre</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Excavation</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>excavations</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Excavación</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Archéologie</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>archaeology</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Arqueología</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Coquille</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>shells</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Concha</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
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<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Mollusca</s0>
<s2>NY</s2>
<s5>09</s5>
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<s5>09</s5>
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<fC03 i1="09" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Mollusca</s0>
<s2>NY</s2>
<s5>09</s5>
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<fC03 i1="10" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Industrie lithique</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
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<fC03 i1="10" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Prehistoric artefacts</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
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<fC03 i1="10" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Artefacto</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Datation</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>dating</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
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<fC03 i1="11" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Fechado</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
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<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Thermoluminescence</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>thermoluminescence</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Termoluminescencia</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Luminescence stimulée optiquement</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
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<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>OSL</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
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<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Th-U</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
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<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Th/U</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Th-U</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
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<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Pigment</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>pigments</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Pigmento</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Ornementation</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>ornamentation</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Grotte Blombos</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>52</s5>
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<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Haliotis midae</s0>
<s4>INC</s4>
<s5>53</s5>
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<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique du Sud</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Southern Africa</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
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<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>África Sur</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Afrique</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
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<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Africa</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Africa</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Invertebrata</s0>
<s2>NY</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Invertebrata</s0>
<s2>NY</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Invertebrata</s0>
<s2>NY</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>002</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>PSI</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>PSI</s1>
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<server><NO>PASCAL 12-0015384 INIST</NO>
<ET>A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa</ET>
<AU>HENSHILWOOD (Christopher S.); D'ERRICO (Francesco); VAN NIEKERK (Karen L.); COQUINOT (Yvan); JACOBS (Zenobia); LAURITZEN (Stein-Erik); MENU (Michel); GARCIA-MORENO (Renata)</AU>
<AF>Institute for Archaeology, History, Culture and Religion, University of Bergen, 0ysteinsgate 3/5007 Bergen/Norvège (1 aut., 2 aut., 3 aut.); Institute for Human Evolution, University of the Witwatersrand/Johannesburg/Afrique du Sud (1 aut.); Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5199 CNRS, Avenue des Facultés/33405 Talence/France (2 aut., 8 aut.); Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France, UMR 171 CNRS, Palais du Louvre, 14 Quai François Mitterrand/75001 Paris/France (4 aut., 7 aut.); Centre for Archaeological Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong/Wollongong 2522/Australie (5 aut.); Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41/5007 Bergen/Norvège (6 aut.)</AF>
<DT>Publication en série; Compte-rendu; Niveau analytique</DT>
<SO>Science : (Washington, D.C.); ISSN 0036-8075; Coden SCIEAS; Etats-Unis; Da. 2011; Vol. 334; No. 6053; Pp. 219-222; Bibl. 18 ref.</SO>
<LA>Anglais</LA>
<EA>The conceptual ability to source, combine, and store substances that enhance technology or social practices represents a benchmark in the evolution of complex human cognition. Excavations in 2008 at Blombos Cave, South Africa, revealed a processing workshop where a liquefied ochre-rich mixture was produced and stored in two Haliotis midae (abalone) shells 100,000 years ago. Ochre, bone, charcoal, grindstones, and hammerstones form a composite part of this production toolkit. The application of the mixture is unknown, but possibilities include decoration and skin protection.</EA>
<CC>001E01P02; 001E01Q04; 226C02; 227A04</CC>
<FD>Préhistoire; République Sud Africaine; Technologie; Grotte; Ocre; Excavation; Archéologie; Coquille; Mollusca; Industrie lithique; Datation; Thermoluminescence; Luminescence stimulée optiquement; Th-U; Pigment; Ornementation; Grotte Blombos; Haliotis midae</FD>
<FG>Afrique du Sud; Afrique; Invertebrata</FG>
<ED>Prehistory; South Africa; technology; caves; ocher; excavations; archaeology; shells; Mollusca; Prehistoric artefacts; dating; thermoluminescence; OSL; Th/U; pigments; ornamentation</ED>
<EG>Southern Africa; Africa; Invertebrata</EG>
<SD>República de Sudáfrica; Tecnología; Gruta; Ocre; Excavación; Arqueología; Concha; Mollusca; Artefacto; Fechado; Termoluminescencia; Th-U; Pigmento</SD>
<LO>INIST-6040.354000507241200240</LO>
<ID>12-0015384</ID>
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A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa

A 100,000-Year-Old Ochre-Processing Workshop at Blombos Cave, South Africa

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