Ocean acidification and global warming impair shark hunting behaviour and growth
Identifieur interne : 002D40 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002D39; suivant : 002D41Ocean acidification and global warming impair shark hunting behaviour and growth
Auteurs : Jennifer C. A. Pistevos [Australie] ; Ivan Nagelkerken [Australie] ; Tullio Rossi [Australie] ; Maxime Olmos [France] ; Sean D. Connell [Australie]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemistry : Seawater.
- Animals, Global Warming, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Oceans and Seas, Predatory Behavior, Sharks, Temperature.
Abstract
Alterations in predation pressure can have large effects on trophically-structured systems. Modification of predator behaviour via ocean warming has been assessed by laboratory experimentation and metabolic theory. However, the influence of ocean acidification with ocean warming remains largely unexplored for mesopredators, including experimental assessments that incorporate key components of the assemblages in which animals naturally live. We employ a combination of long-term laboratory and mesocosm experiments containing natural prey and habitat to assess how warming and acidification affect the development, growth, and hunting behaviour in sharks. Although embryonic development was faster due to temperature, elevated temperature and CO2 had detrimental effects on sharks by not only increasing energetic demands, but also by decreasing metabolic efficiency and reducing their ability to locate food through olfaction. The combination of these effects led to considerable reductions in growth rates of sharks held in natural mesocosms with elevated CO2, either alone or in combination with higher temperature. Our results suggest a more complex reality for predators, where ocean acidification reduces their ability to effectively hunt and exert strong top-down control over food webs.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep16293
PubMed: 26559327
PubMed Central: 4642292
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PMC:4642292Le document en format XML
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A." last="Pistevos">Jennifer C. A. Pistevos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagelkerken, Ivan" sort="Nagelkerken, Ivan" uniqKey="Nagelkerken I" first="Ivan" last="Nagelkerken">Ivan Nagelkerken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossi, Tullio" sort="Rossi, Tullio" uniqKey="Rossi T" first="Tullio" last="Rossi">Tullio Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olmos, Maxime" sort="Olmos, Maxime" uniqKey="Olmos M" first="Maxime" last="Olmos">Maxime Olmos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</institution>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connell, Sean D" sort="Connell, Sean D" uniqKey="Connell S" first="Sean D." last="Connell">Sean D. Connell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Global Warming</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Predatory Behavior</term><term>Seawater (chemistry)</term><term>Sharks</term><term>Temperature</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Comportement prédateur</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène</term><term>Eau de mer ()</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Requins</term><term>Réchauffement de la planète</term><term>Température</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Seawater</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Global Warming</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Predatory Behavior</term><term>Sharks</term><term>Temperature</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Comportement prédateur</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène</term><term>Eau de mer</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Requins</term><term>Réchauffement de la planète</term><term>Température</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Alterations in predation pressure can have large effects on trophically-structured systems. Modification of predator behaviour via ocean warming has been assessed by laboratory experimentation and metabolic theory. However, the influence of ocean acidification with ocean warming remains largely unexplored for mesopredators, including experimental assessments that incorporate key components of the assemblages in which animals naturally live. We employ a combination of long-term laboratory and mesocosm experiments containing natural prey and habitat to assess how warming and acidification affect the development, growth, and hunting behaviour in sharks. Although embryonic development was faster due to temperature, elevated temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> had detrimental effects on sharks by not only increasing energetic demands, but also by decreasing metabolic efficiency and reducing their ability to locate food through olfaction. The combination of these effects led to considerable reductions in growth rates of sharks held in natural mesocosms with elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, either alone or in combination with higher temperature. Our results suggest a more complex reality for predators, where ocean acidification reduces their ability to effectively hunt and exert strong top-down control over food webs.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heithaus, M R" uniqKey="Heithaus M">M. R. Heithaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frid, A" uniqKey="Frid A">A. Frid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wirsing, A J" uniqKey="Wirsing A">A. J. Wirsing</name></author><author><name sortKey="Worm, B" uniqKey="Worm B">B. Worm</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Estes, J A" uniqKey="Estes J">J. A. 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Pistevos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagelkerken, Ivan" sort="Nagelkerken, Ivan" uniqKey="Nagelkerken I" first="Ivan" last="Nagelkerken">Ivan Nagelkerken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossi, Tullio" sort="Rossi, Tullio" uniqKey="Rossi T" first="Tullio" last="Rossi">Tullio Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olmos, Maxime" sort="Olmos, Maxime" uniqKey="Olmos M" first="Maxime" last="Olmos">Maxime Olmos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</institution>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connell, Sean D" sort="Connell, Sean D" uniqKey="Connell S" first="Sean D." last="Connell">Sean D. Connell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26559327</idno><idno type="pmc">4642292</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4642292</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4642292</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep16293</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000811</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000811</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000810</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000810</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000E29</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000E29</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ocean acidification and global warming impair shark hunting behaviour and growth</title><author><name sortKey="Pistevos, Jennifer C A" sort="Pistevos, Jennifer C A" uniqKey="Pistevos J" first="Jennifer C. A." last="Pistevos">Jennifer C. A. Pistevos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagelkerken, Ivan" sort="Nagelkerken, Ivan" uniqKey="Nagelkerken I" first="Ivan" last="Nagelkerken">Ivan Nagelkerken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossi, Tullio" sort="Rossi, Tullio" uniqKey="Rossi T" first="Tullio" last="Rossi">Tullio Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olmos, Maxime" sort="Olmos, Maxime" uniqKey="Olmos M" first="Maxime" last="Olmos">Maxime Olmos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</institution>,<country>France</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connell, Sean D" sort="Connell, Sean D" uniqKey="Connell S" first="Sean D." last="Connell">Sean D. Connell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide</institution>, South Australia 5005,<country>Australia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Alterations in predation pressure can have large effects on trophically-structured systems. Modification of predator behaviour via ocean warming has been assessed by laboratory experimentation and metabolic theory. However, the influence of ocean acidification with ocean warming remains largely unexplored for mesopredators, including experimental assessments that incorporate key components of the assemblages in which animals naturally live. We employ a combination of long-term laboratory and mesocosm experiments containing natural prey and habitat to assess how warming and acidification affect the development, growth, and hunting behaviour in sharks. Although embryonic development was faster due to temperature, elevated temperature and CO<sub>2</sub> had detrimental effects on sharks by not only increasing energetic demands, but also by decreasing metabolic efficiency and reducing their ability to locate food through olfaction. The combination of these effects led to considerable reductions in growth rates of sharks held in natural mesocosms with elevated CO<sub>2</sub>, either alone or in combination with higher temperature. 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Pytkowicz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ocean acidification and global warming impair shark hunting behaviour and growth.</title><author><name sortKey="Pistevos, Jennifer C A" sort="Pistevos, Jennifer C A" uniqKey="Pistevos J" first="Jennifer C A" last="Pistevos">Jennifer C A. Pistevos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagelkerken, Ivan" sort="Nagelkerken, Ivan" uniqKey="Nagelkerken I" first="Ivan" last="Nagelkerken">Ivan Nagelkerken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossi, Tullio" sort="Rossi, Tullio" uniqKey="Rossi T" first="Tullio" last="Rossi">Tullio Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olmos, Maxime" sort="Olmos, Maxime" uniqKey="Olmos M" first="Maxime" last="Olmos">Maxime Olmos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connell, Sean D" sort="Connell, Sean D" uniqKey="Connell S" first="Sean D" last="Connell">Sean D. Connell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26559327</idno><idno type="pmid">26559327</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep16293</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002754</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002754</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002685</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002685</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002685</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002685</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Ocean acidification and global warming impair shark hunting behaviour and growth.</title><author><name sortKey="Pistevos, Jennifer C A" sort="Pistevos, Jennifer C A" uniqKey="Pistevos J" first="Jennifer C A" last="Pistevos">Jennifer C A. Pistevos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagelkerken, Ivan" sort="Nagelkerken, Ivan" uniqKey="Nagelkerken I" first="Ivan" last="Nagelkerken">Ivan Nagelkerken</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rossi, Tullio" sort="Rossi, Tullio" uniqKey="Rossi T" first="Tullio" last="Rossi">Tullio Rossi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Olmos, Maxime" sort="Olmos, Maxime" uniqKey="Olmos M" first="Maxime" last="Olmos">Maxime Olmos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>ENSAIA, 2 Avenue de la Forêt de Haye TSA 40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>40602 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Connell, Sean D" sort="Connell, Sean D" uniqKey="Connell S" first="Sean D" last="Connell">Sean D. Connell</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>South Australia 5005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Global Warming</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Predatory Behavior</term><term>Seawater (chemistry)</term><term>Sharks</term><term>Temperature</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Comportement prédateur</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène</term><term>Eau de mer ()</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Requins</term><term>Réchauffement de la planète</term><term>Température</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Seawater</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Global Warming</term><term>Hydrogen-Ion Concentration</term><term>Oceans and Seas</term><term>Predatory Behavior</term><term>Sharks</term><term>Temperature</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Comportement prédateur</term><term>Concentration en ions d'hydrogène</term><term>Eau de mer</term><term>Océans et mers</term><term>Requins</term><term>Réchauffement de la planète</term><term>Température</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Alterations in predation pressure can have large effects on trophically-structured systems. Modification of predator behaviour via ocean warming has been assessed by laboratory experimentation and metabolic theory. However, the influence of ocean acidification with ocean warming remains largely unexplored for mesopredators, including experimental assessments that incorporate key components of the assemblages in which animals naturally live. We employ a combination of long-term laboratory and mesocosm experiments containing natural prey and habitat to assess how warming and acidification affect the development, growth, and hunting behaviour in sharks. Although embryonic development was faster due to temperature, elevated temperature and CO2 had detrimental effects on sharks by not only increasing energetic demands, but also by decreasing metabolic efficiency and reducing their ability to locate food through olfaction. The combination of these effects led to considerable reductions in growth rates of sharks held in natural mesocosms with elevated CO2, either alone or in combination with higher temperature. Our results suggest a more complex reality for predators, where ocean acidification reduces their ability to effectively hunt and exert strong top-down control over food webs.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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