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LitMod3D: An interactive 3‐D software to model the thermal, compositional, density, seismological, and rheological structure of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle

Identifieur interne : 008526 ( Main/Merge ); précédent : 008525; suivant : 008527

LitMod3D: An interactive 3‐D software to model the thermal, compositional, density, seismological, and rheological structure of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle

Auteurs : J. Fullea [Espagne] ; J. C. Afonso [Espagne, Australie] ; J. A. D. Connolly [Suisse] ; M. Fernàndez [Espagne] ; D. García-Castellanos [Espagne] ; H. Zeyen [France]

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RBID : ISTEX:6B4E88BF394A140209B0DB2ECD5F656FE1766DA2

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English descriptors

Abstract

We present an interactive 3‐D computer program (LitMod3D) developed to perform combined geophysical‐petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle. In contrast to other available modeling software, LitMod3D is built within an internally consistent thermodynamic‐geophysical framework, where all relevant properties are functions of temperature, pressure, and composition. By simultaneously solving the heat transfer, thermodynamic, rheological, geopotential, and isostasy (local and flexural) equations, the program outputs temperature, pressure, surface heat flow, density (bulk and single phase), seismic wave velocities, geoid and gravity anomalies, elevation, and lithospheric strength for any given model. These outputs can be used to obtain thermal and compositional models of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle that simultaneously fit all available geophysical and petrological observables. We illustrate some of the advantages and limitations of LitMod3D using synthetic models and comparing our predictions with those from other modeling methods. In particular, we show that (1) temperature at midlithosphere depths may be overestimated by as much as 200 K when compositional heterogeneities in the mantle and T‐P effects are not considered in lithospheric models and (2) the neglect of mantle phase transformations on gravity‐based models in thin‐crust settings can result in a significant overestimation and underestimation of the derived crustal thickness and its internal density distribution, respectively.

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DOI: 10.1029/2009GC002391

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<term>Archon</term>
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<term>Arctan</term>
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<term>Cambridge univ</term>
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<term>Compensation level</term>
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<term>Geophysical</term>
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<term>Geophysics</term>
<term>Geosystems</term>
<term>Graphical interface</term>
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<term>Gravity anomalies</term>
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<term>Input files</term>
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<term>Internal density distribution</term>
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<term>Isostatic equilibrium</term>
<term>Isothermal bulk modulus</term>
<term>Iteration</term>
<term>Large upwellings</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral sides</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Limit case</term>
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<term>Lithosphere</term>
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<term>Lithospheric flexure</term>
<term>Lithospheric geometry</term>
<term>Lithospheric loads</term>
<term>Lithospheric mantle</term>
<term>Lithospheric structure</term>
<term>Lithospheric transition</term>
<term>Litmod3d</term>
<term>Litmod3d_for</term>
<term>Litmod3d_intf</term>
<term>Load distribution</term>
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<term>Main window</term>
<term>Mantle composition</term>
<term>Mantle domains</term>
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<term>Modeling results</term>
<term>Modeling software</term>
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<term>Moho</term>
<term>Numerical domain</term>
<term>Observables</term>
<term>Oceanic</term>
<term>Oceanic domain</term>
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<term>Phase changes</term>
<term>Phase transitions</term>
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<term>Pressure variations</term>
<term>Prism</term>
<term>Reference column</term>
<term>Reference density</term>
<term>Reference model</term>
<term>Regional compensation</term>
<term>Regional isostasy</term>
<term>Rheological structure</term>
<term>Second term</term>
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<term>Sublithospheric mantle</term>
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<term>Thermal structure</term>
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<term>Additional data</term>
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<term>Anomaly</term>
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<term>Archon domain</term>
<term>Arctan</term>
<term>Arctan arctan arctan</term>
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<term>Average density</term>
<term>Block show</term>
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<term>Bouguer anomalies</term>
<term>Bouguer anomaly</term>
<term>Bouguer gravity anomalies</term>
<term>Boundary conditions</term>
<term>Boundary layer</term>
<term>Buffer layer</term>
<term>Bulk composition</term>
<term>Bulk properties</term>
<term>Cambridge univ</term>
<term>Cartesian coordinates</term>
<term>Certain depth</term>
<term>Compensation level</term>
<term>Compositional</term>
<term>Compositional models</term>
<term>Constant density</term>
<term>Constant temperature</term>
<term>Continental tectosphere</term>
<term>Convection</term>
<term>Convection currents</term>
<term>Crust</term>
<term>Crustal</term>
<term>Crustal thickness</term>
<term>Density anomalies</term>
<term>Density contrast</term>
<term>Density contrasts</term>
<term>Density structure</term>
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<term>Earth planet</term>
<term>Earth sciences</term>
<term>Elastic thickness</term>
<term>Elevation</term>
<term>Entire model</term>
<term>Extra bodies</term>
<term>Fernandez</term>
<term>Final lithospheric structure</term>
<term>First body</term>
<term>First term</term>
<term>Fullea</term>
<term>Further details</term>
<term>Geochemistry</term>
<term>Geochemistry geophysics geosystems</term>
<term>Geographical coordinates</term>
<term>Geoid</term>
<term>Geoid anomalies</term>
<term>Geophys</term>
<term>Geophysical</term>
<term>Geophysical observables</term>
<term>Geophysics</term>
<term>Geosystems</term>
<term>Graphical interface</term>
<term>Gravitational attraction</term>
<term>Gravity</term>
<term>Gravity anomalies</term>
<term>Gravity anomaly</term>
<term>Gravity field</term>
<term>Gruneisen parameter</term>
<term>Heat transfer</term>
<term>Input data</term>
<term>Input files</term>
<term>Interactive</term>
<term>Interactive code</term>
<term>Interactive software</term>
<term>Internal density distribution</term>
<term>Isostasy</term>
<term>Isostatic</term>
<term>Isostatic equilibrium</term>
<term>Isothermal bulk modulus</term>
<term>Iteration</term>
<term>Large upwellings</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral sides</term>
<term>Lett</term>
<term>Limit case</term>
<term>Linear system</term>
<term>Lithosphere</term>
<term>Lithospheric</term>
<term>Lithospheric flexure</term>
<term>Lithospheric geometry</term>
<term>Lithospheric loads</term>
<term>Lithospheric mantle</term>
<term>Lithospheric structure</term>
<term>Lithospheric transition</term>
<term>Litmod3d</term>
<term>Litmod3d_for</term>
<term>Litmod3d_intf</term>
<term>Load distribution</term>
<term>Local isostasy</term>
<term>Lower limit</term>
<term>Main window</term>
<term>Mantle composition</term>
<term>Mantle domains</term>
<term>Mantle layer</term>
<term>Mantle layers</term>
<term>Maximum thickness</term>
<term>Model lithosphere</term>
<term>Model lithosphere figure</term>
<term>Modeling</term>
<term>Modeling results</term>
<term>Modeling software</term>
<term>Module</term>
<term>Moho</term>
<term>Numerical domain</term>
<term>Observables</term>
<term>Oceanic</term>
<term>Oceanic domain</term>
<term>Oceanic lithosphere</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Phase changes</term>
<term>Phase transitions</term>
<term>Potential fields</term>
<term>Pressure variations</term>
<term>Prism</term>
<term>Reference column</term>
<term>Reference density</term>
<term>Reference model</term>
<term>Regional compensation</term>
<term>Regional isostasy</term>
<term>Rheological structure</term>
<term>Second term</term>
<term>Seismic</term>
<term>Seismic velocities</term>
<term>Sublithospheric</term>
<term>Sublithospheric domain</term>
<term>Sublithospheric loads</term>
<term>Sublithospheric mantle</term>
<term>Surface heat flow</term>
<term>Surface topography</term>
<term>Synthetic model</term>
<term>Synthetic models</term>
<term>Tbot</term>
<term>Tecton</term>
<term>Tecton domain</term>
<term>Tecton domains</term>
<term>Tectonophysics</term>
<term>Temperature distribution</term>
<term>Temperature field</term>
<term>Thermal conductivities</term>
<term>Thermal conductivity</term>
<term>Thermal expansion</term>
<term>Thermal lithosphere</term>
<term>Thermal structure</term>
<term>Unit area</term>
<term>Upper limit</term>
<term>Upper mantle</term>
<term>Values filter</term>
<term>Vertical displacement</term>
<term>Vertical extension</term>
<term>Zeyen</term>
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<front>
<div type="abstract">We present an interactive 3‐D computer program (LitMod3D) developed to perform combined geophysical‐petrological modeling of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle. In contrast to other available modeling software, LitMod3D is built within an internally consistent thermodynamic‐geophysical framework, where all relevant properties are functions of temperature, pressure, and composition. By simultaneously solving the heat transfer, thermodynamic, rheological, geopotential, and isostasy (local and flexural) equations, the program outputs temperature, pressure, surface heat flow, density (bulk and single phase), seismic wave velocities, geoid and gravity anomalies, elevation, and lithospheric strength for any given model. These outputs can be used to obtain thermal and compositional models of the lithosphere and sublithospheric upper mantle that simultaneously fit all available geophysical and petrological observables. We illustrate some of the advantages and limitations of LitMod3D using synthetic models and comparing our predictions with those from other modeling methods. In particular, we show that (1) temperature at midlithosphere depths may be overestimated by as much as 200 K when compositional heterogeneities in the mantle and T‐P effects are not considered in lithospheric models and (2) the neglect of mantle phase transformations on gravity‐based models in thin‐crust settings can result in a significant overestimation and underestimation of the derived crustal thickness and its internal density distribution, respectively.</div>
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