The Carolingian Empire witnessed the increased popularity and diffusion of the relics of the Holy Cross. In the ninth century, the feasts of the Invention of the Cross, the Adoration of the Cross, the Exaltation of the Cross, and of Palm Sunday were introduced in Francia. Their liturgy had its origins in Jerusalem. Abbot Angilbert of St. Riquier introduced the celebration of the Adoration of the Cross and of Palm Sunday, and the design of the architectural complex he built at St. Riquier in 797-799 expressed both his preoccupation with the theology of the Trinity and the influence of the churches of Jerusalem. The increased importance of the Cross and of earthly Jerusalem, its liturgy and Christian buildings are explained in the article against the background of the Carolingian mission to the Saxons, which emphasized the role of the Cross as a means of Salvation. Moreover, the Carolingian reform of the penitential system and its liturgy stressed Sin, Penitence, and finally - Salvation symbolized and achieved by faith in the Cross. Finally, the identification of Charlemagne and his heirs with King David and the House of David further enhanced the actuality of the Land of Israel and of Jerusalem. Therefore, as Jerusalem became less accessible to western pilgrims in the ninth century, the liturgy of the feasts of the Cross and of Palm Sunday, penitential theology and its liturgy, and the inspiration of the churches of Jerusalem on the architecture of St. Riquier transferred some of the holiness of Jerusalem especially to Francia and the Franks, the New People of Israel and their Carolingian rulers, the New House of David.

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