Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture
Identifieur interne : 000878 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000877; suivant : 000879Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture
Auteurs : John HuntSource :
- The Antiquaries Journal [ 0003-5815 ] ; 2004-09.
Abstract
The origins of the Herefordshire School of Sculpture have traditionally been associated with Shobdon Priory, although both Leominster Priory and Kilpeck Church have also been suggested. This paper proposes that the origins of the Herefordshire School should be sought elsewhere, most probably in Hereford Cathedral. Recent studies tend to date the activity of the Herefordshire School earlier than was previously supposed, but it is here argued that these principal monuments of the School are actually later in date than the revisions suggest and that the Herefordshire School of Sculpture was active for around thirty years, into the early 1160s. The importance of lay patronage is confirmed, but scope for the influence of churchmen in the promotion of the School is also proposed. Some of the schemes adopted may have served to convey messages intended to help the church protect itself and its possessions in the turbulent times of the Anarchy.
Url:
DOI: 10.1017/S0003581500045832
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:B2F59AC2374079017ABB607B7554014E07D15F3ELe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title><author><name sortKey="Hunt, John" sort="Hunt, John" uniqKey="Hunt J" first="John" last="Hunt">John Hunt</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:B2F59AC2374079017ABB607B7554014E07D15F3E</idno><date when="2004" year="2004">2004</date><idno type="doi">10.1017/S0003581500045832</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000878</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000878</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title><author><name sortKey="Hunt, John" sort="Hunt, John" uniqKey="Hunt J" first="John" last="Hunt">John Hunt</name></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The Antiquaries Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Antiq. J.</title><idno type="ISSN">0003-5815</idno><idno type="eISSN">1758-5309</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-09">2004-09</date><biblScope unit="volume">84</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="185">185</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="222">222</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0003-5815</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0003-5815</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The origins of the Herefordshire School of Sculpture have traditionally been associated with Shobdon Priory, although both Leominster Priory and Kilpeck Church have also been suggested. This paper proposes that the origins of the Herefordshire School should be sought elsewhere, most probably in Hereford Cathedral. Recent studies tend to date the activity of the Herefordshire School earlier than was previously supposed, but it is here argued that these principal monuments of the School are actually later in date than the revisions suggest and that the Herefordshire School of Sculpture was active for around thirty years, into the early 1160s. The importance of lay patronage is confirmed, but scope for the influence of churchmen in the promotion of the School is also proposed. Some of the schemes adopted may have served to convey messages intended to help the church protect itself and its possessions in the turbulent times of the Anarchy.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>cambridge</corpusName><author><json:item><name>John Hunt</name></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>04583</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The origins of the Herefordshire School of Sculpture have traditionally been associated with Shobdon Priory, although both Leominster Priory and Kilpeck Church have also been suggested. This paper proposes that the origins of the Herefordshire School should be sought elsewhere, most probably in Hereford Cathedral. Recent studies tend to date the activity of the Herefordshire School earlier than was previously supposed, but it is here argued that these principal monuments of the School are actually later in date than the revisions suggest and that the Herefordshire School of Sculpture was active for around thirty years, into the early 1160s. The importance of lay patronage is confirmed, but scope for the influence of churchmen in the promotion of the School is also proposed. Some of the schemes adopted may have served to convey messages intended to help the church protect itself and its possessions in the turbulent times of the Anarchy.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.8</score><pdfWordCount>16791</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>94507</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.6</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>38</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>522 x 715.68 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>150</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>949</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>0</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title><pii><json:string>S0003581500045832</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>The Antiquaries Journal</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><issn><json:string>0003-5815</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1758-5309</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>ANT</json:string></publisherId><volume>84</volume><pages><first>185</first><last>222</last><total>38</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V</json:string></ark><categories><inist><json:string>1 - sciences humaines et sociales</json:string><json:string>2 - bgi / prodig</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2004</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2004</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1017/S0003581500045832</json:string></doi><id>B2F59AC2374079017ABB607B7554014E07D15F3E</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence><p>Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2004</p></licence><p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</p></availability><date>2004</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note><note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note><note>75 Lower Road, Hednesford, Staffordshire WS12 iND, UK.</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">John</forename><surname>Hunt</surname></persName></author><idno type="istex">B2F59AC2374079017ABB607B7554014E07D15F3E</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1017/S0003581500045832</idno><idno type="PII">S0003581500045832</idno><idno type="article-id">04583</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The Antiquaries Journal</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Antiq. J.</title><idno type="pISSN">0003-5815</idno><idno type="eISSN">1758-5309</idno><idno type="publisher-id">ANT</idno><imprint><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><pubPlace>Cambridge, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-09"></date><biblScope unit="volume">84</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="185">185</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="222">222</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2004</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en" style="text-abstract"><p>The origins of the Herefordshire School of Sculpture have traditionally been associated with Shobdon Priory, although both Leominster Priory and Kilpeck Church have also been suggested. This paper proposes that the origins of the Herefordshire School should be sought elsewhere, most probably in Hereford Cathedral. Recent studies tend to date the activity of the Herefordshire School earlier than was previously supposed, but it is here argued that these principal monuments of the School are actually later in date than the revisions suggest and that the Herefordshire School of Sculpture was active for around thirty years, into the early 1160s. The importance of lay patronage is confirmed, but scope for the influence of churchmen in the promotion of the School is also proposed. Some of the schemes adopted may have served to convey messages intended to help the church protect itself and its possessions in the turbulent times of the Anarchy.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2004-09">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus cambridge not found" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.2 20060430//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="2.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ANT</journal-id><journal-title>The Antiquaries Journal</journal-title><abbrev-journal-title>Antiq. J.</abbrev-journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0003-5815</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1758-5309</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Cambridge University Press</publisher-name><publisher-loc>Cambridge, UK</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1017/S0003581500045832</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">S0003581500045832</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">04583</article-id><title-group><article-title>Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running">The Antiquaries Journal</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running">The Winchester Hoard</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib><name name-style="western"><surname>Hunt</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn01">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="fn01" symbol="*"><label>*</label><p>75 Lower Road, Hednesford, Staffordshire WS12 iND, UK.</p><p>E-mail: .</p> </fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>09</month><year>2004</year></pub-date><volume>84</volume><fpage seq="5">185</fpage><lpage>222</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2004</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2004</copyright-year><copyright-holder>The Society of Antiquaries of London</copyright-holder></permissions><abstract abstract-type="text-abstract"><p>The origins of the Herefordshire School of Sculpture have traditionally been associated with Shobdon Priory, although both Leominster Priory and Kilpeck Church have also been suggested. This paper proposes that the origins of the Herefordshire School should be sought elsewhere, most probably in Hereford Cathedral. Recent studies tend to date the activity of the Herefordshire School earlier than was previously supposed, but it is here argued that these principal monuments of the School are actually later in date than the revisions suggest and that the Herefordshire School of Sculpture was active for around thirty years, into the early 1160s. The importance of lay patronage is confirmed, but scope for the influence of churchmen in the promotion of the School is also proposed. Some of the schemes adopted may have served to convey messages intended to help the church protect itself and its possessions in the turbulent times of the Anarchy.</p></abstract><counts><page-count count="38"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-wrap><custom-meta><meta-name>pdf</meta-name><meta-value>S0003581500045832a.pdf</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-wrap></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref001"><name name-style="western"><surname>Alexander</surname><given-names>J J G</given-names></name> <year>1993</year>. <article-title>‘Ideological representation of military combat in Anglo-Norman art’</article-title>, <source>Anglo-Norman Stud,</source> <volume>15</volume> (1992), <fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>24</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref002"><name name-style="western"><surname>Barrow</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1993</year>. <source>English Episcopal Ada VII. Hereford 1079–1234,</source> <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref003"><name name-style="western"><surname>Besson</surname><given-names>F M</given-names></name> <year>1987</year>. <article-title>‘À armes égales: une répresentation de la violence en France et en Espagne au XIIe siècle’</article-title>, <source>Gesta</source>, <volume>26</volume>/<issue>2</issue><fpage>113</fpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref004"><name name-style="western"><surname>Blair</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1988</year>. <source>Minsters and Parish Churches. The Local Church in Transition 950–1200</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref005"><name name-style="western"><surname>Brown</surname><given-names>D L</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1994</year>. <article-title>‘Leominster Old Priory: recording of standing buildings and excavations 1979–80’</article-title>, <source>Archaeol J</source>, <volume>151</volume>, <fpage>307</fpage>–68</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref006"><name name-style="western"><surname>Capes</surname><given-names>W W</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1908</year>. <source>Charters and Records of Hereford Cathedral</source>, <publisher-name>Cantilupe Society</publisher-name>, 20, <publisher-loc>Hereford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref007"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chibnall</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1972</year>. <source>The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis</source>, III, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref008"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chibnall</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1978</year>. <source>The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis</source>, VI, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref009"><name name-style="western"><surname>Chwojko</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1997</year>. <article-title>‘Gloucester and the Herefordshire School’</article-title>, <source>J Brit Archaeol Ass</source>, <volume>150</volume>, <fpage>17</fpage>–<lpage>26</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref010"><name name-style="western"><surname>Colvin</surname><given-names>H M</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1963</year>. <source>The History of the King's Works. Vol II: The Middle Ages</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref011"><name name-style="western"><surname>Coplestone-Crow</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name> <year>1979</year>–<year>1981</year>. <article-title>‘The Baskervilles of Herefordshire, 1086–1300’</article-title>, <source>Trans Woolhope Natur Fld Club</source>, <volume>43</volume>, <fpage>18</fpage>–<lpage>39</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref012"><name name-style="western"><surname>Coplestone-Crow</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name> <year>1995</year>. ‘The Herefordshire School’, <source>The Worcester Area: Proceedings of the 151st Summer Meeting of the Royal Archaeological Institute</source> (ed <name name-style="western"><surname>Pounds</surname><given-names>N J G</given-names></name>), <fpage>12</fpage>–<lpage>14</lpage>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref013"><name name-style="western"><surname>Cownie</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> <year>1998</year>. <source>Religious Patronage in Anglo-Norman England 1066–1135</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref014"><name name-style="western"><surname>Crouch</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1986</year>. <source>The Beaumont Twins. The Roots and Branches of Power in the Twelfth Century</source>, <publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref015"><name name-style="western"><surname>Crouch</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1990</year>. <source>William Marshal. Court, Career and Chivalry in the Angevin Empire 1147–1219</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref016"><name name-style="western"><surname>Crouch</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1992</year>. <source>The Image of Aristocracy in Britain 1000–1300</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref017"><name name-style="western"><surname>Davis</surname><given-names>R H C</given-names></name> <year>1962</year>. ‘Treaty between William Earl of Gloucester and Roger Earl of Hereford’, in <source>A Medieval Miscellany for Doris Mary Stenton</source> (eds <name name-style="western"><surname>Barnes</surname><given-names>P M</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Slade</surname><given-names>C F</given-names></name>), <publisher-name>Pipe Roll Society</publisher-name>, new ser, 36, <fpage>139</fpage>–46, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref018"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dickinson</surname><given-names>J C</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Ricketts</surname><given-names>P T</given-names></name> (eds) <year>1969</year>. <article-title>‘The Anglo-Norman chronicle of Wigmore Abbey’</article-title>, <source>Trans Woolhope Natur Fld Club</source>, <volume>39</volume>, <fpage>413</fpage>–46</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref019"><name name-style="western"><surname>Douglas</surname><given-names>D C</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Greenaway</surname><given-names>G W</given-names></name> (eds) <year>1981</year>. <source>English Historical Documents. Vol II: 1042–1189</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref020"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dugdale</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name> <year>1849</year>. <source>Monasticon Anglicanum</source>, <publisher-name>London</publisher-name></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref021"><name name-style="western"><surname>Durliat</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1986</year>. <source>Roussillon Roman</source>, <publisher-name>La Pierre-qui-Vire</publisher-name></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref022"><name name-style="western"><surname>Galbraith</surname><given-names>V H</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Tait</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> (eds) <year>1950</year>. <source>Herefordshire Domesday c.1160–1170</source>, <publisher-name>Pipe Roll Society</publisher-name>, new ser, 25, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref023"><name name-style="western"><surname>Garmonsway</surname><given-names>G N</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1953</year>. <source>The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref024"><name name-style="western"><surname>Geese</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name> <year>1997</year>. ‘Romanesque sculpture’, in <source>Romanesque</source> (ed <name name-style="western"><surname>Toman</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>), <fpage>256</fpage>–<lpage>345</lpage>, <publisher-loc>Cologne</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref025"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gem</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> <year>1986</year>. ‘The Bishop's Chapel at Hereford: the roles of patron and craftsman’, in <source>Art and Patronage in the English Romanesque</source> (eds <name name-style="western"><surname>Macready</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Thompson</surname><given-names>F H</given-names></name>), <publisher-name>Soc Antiq London Occas Pap</publisher-name> <edition>8</edition>, <fpage>87</fpage>–<lpage>96</lpage>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref026"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gensbeitel</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name> <year>1998</year>. ‘Saint-Pierre-de-l'Isle; Eglise Saint-Pierre’, in <source>La Sculpture Romane en Saintonge. L'imaginaire et lafoi</source> (ed <name name-style="western"><surname>Lacoste</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>), <fpage>288</fpage>–90, <publisher-loc>Saintes</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref027"><name name-style="western"><surname>Gough</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1806</year>. <source>Britannia: or a Chorographical Description of the Flourishing Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and the Islands Adjacent; from the Earliest Antiquity, by William Camden</source>, <edition>4</edition> vols, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref028"><name name-style="western"><surname>Greenway</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1996</year>. <source>Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon. Historia Anglorum. The History of the English People</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref029"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grivot</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name> <year>1985</year>. <source>Gislebertus. Sculptor of Autun</source>, <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref030"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grivot</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1990</year>. <source>Twelfth Century Sculpture in the Cathedral of Autun</source>, <publisher-loc>Ingersheim</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref031"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hall</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1896</year>. <source>Red Book of the Exchequer</source>, <edition>2</edition> vols, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="thesis" id="ref032"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hamer</surname><given-names>E R</given-names></name> <year>1992</year>. ‘Patronage and iconography in Romanesque England: the Herefordshire School in context’, unpublished PhD thesis, <publisher-name>University of Chicago</publisher-name></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref033"><name name-style="western"><surname>Harper-Bill</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name> <year>1979</year>. <article-title>‘The piety of the Anglo-Norman knightly class’</article-title>, <source>Proc Battle Conf</source>, <volume>2</volume>, <fpage>62</fpage>–<lpage>77</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref034"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hart</surname><given-names>W H</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1863</year>–<year>1867</year>. <source>Historia et Cartularium: Monasterii Sancti Petri Gloucestriae</source>, <edition>3</edition> vols, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref035"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hawley</surname><given-names>Lt Col W</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Montgomerie</surname><given-names>D H</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>St John Hope</surname><given-names>W H</given-names></name> <year>1913</year>. <article-title>‘Excavations at Old Sarum’</article-title>, <source>Proc Soc Antiq</source>, <volume>25</volume>, <fpage>93</fpage>–<lpage>104</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref036"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hawley</surname><given-names>Lt Col W</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Montgomerie</surname><given-names>D H</given-names></name>, and <name name-style="western"><surname>St John Hope</surname><given-names>W H</given-names></name> <year>1914</year>. <article-title>‘Excavations at Old Sarum’</article-title>, <source>Proc Soc Antiq</source>, <volume>26</volume>, <fpage>100</fpage>–19</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref037"><name name-style="western"><surname>Heslop</surname><given-names>T A</given-names></name> <year>1986</year>. <article-title>‘Brief in words but heavy in the weight of its mysteries’</article-title>, <source>Art Hist</source>, <volume>9</volume>/<issue>1</issue><fpage>1</fpage><lpage>10</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref038"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hillaby</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Boulton</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> <year>1993</year>. <source>The Sculptured Capitals of Leominster Priory</source>, <publisher-name>Leominster</publisher-name></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref039"><name name-style="western"><surname>Holdsworth</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name> <year>1994</year>. ‘The Church’, in <source>The Anarchy of King Stephen's Reign</source> (ed <name name-style="western"><surname>King</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>), <fpage>207</fpage>–29, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref040"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hollister</surname><given-names>C W</given-names></name> <year>2001</year>. <source>Henry I</source>, <publisher-name>New Haven</publisher-name> and <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref041"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hunt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> <year>1994</year>. ‘Piety, prestige or politics? The House of Leofric and the foundation and patronage of Coventry Priory’, in <source>Coventry's First Cathedral. The Cathedral and Priory of St Mary. Papers from the 1993 Anniversary Symposium</source> (ed <name name-style="western"><surname>Demidowicz</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>), <fpage>97</fpage>–<lpage>117</lpage>, <publisher-loc>Stamford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref042"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hunt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> <year>1997</year>. Lordship and the Landscape. A Documentary and Archaeological Study of the Honor of Dudley c 1066–1322, <source>BAR, Brit Ser</source> <edition>264</edition>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref043"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hunt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Stokes</surname><given-names>M A</given-names></name> <year>1997</year>. ‘Sculpture and patronage in a Shropshire manor: a group of 12th-century sculptures from Alveley’, <source>J Brit Archaeol Ass</source>, <volume>150</volume>, <fpage>27</fpage>–<lpage>47</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref044"><name name-style="western"><surname>Impey</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> <year>1997</year>. <article-title>‘The buildings on the motte at Kilpeck Castle, Herefordshire’</article-title>, <source>Archaeol Cambrensis</source>, <volume>146</volume>, <fpage>101</fpage>–8</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref045"><name name-style="western"><surname>James</surname><given-names>B S</given-names></name> <year>1998</year>. <source>The Letters of St Bernard of Clairvaux</source>, <publisher-loc>Stroud</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref046"><name name-style="western"><surname>Jónsdóttir</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name> <year>1950</year>. <article-title>‘The portal of Kilpeck Church: its place in English Romanesque sculpture’</article-title>, <source>Art Bull</source>, <volume>32</volume>, no. <issue>3</issue><fpage>171</fpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref047"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kahn</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1997</year>. <article-title>‘La Chanson de Roland dans le décor des églises du Xlle siècle’</article-title>, <source>Cahiers de Civilisation medievale</source>, <volume>40</volume>, <fpage>337</fpage>–72</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref048"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kauffman</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1984</year>. <article-title>‘Cambridge, Pembroke College MS 120; New Testament’</article-title>, in <source>Zarnecki</source> <italic>et al.</italic> 1984, <volume>97</volume>, no. <fpage>21</fpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref049"><name name-style="western"><surname>Keats-Rohan</surname><given-names>K S B</given-names></name> <year>1999</year>. <source>Domesday People. A Prosopography of Persons occurring in English Documents, 1066–1166. Vol I: Domesday Book</source>, <publisher-loc>Woodbridge</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref050"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kemp</surname><given-names>B R</given-names></name> <year>1968</year>. <article-title>‘The monastic dean of Leominster’</article-title>, <source>Eng Hist Rev</source>, <volume>83</volume>, <fpage>505</fpage>–15</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref051"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kemp</surname><given-names>B R</given-names></name> <year>1980</year>. <article-title>‘Monastic possession of parish churches in England in the twelfth century’</article-title>, <source>J Eccl Hist</source>, <volume>31</volume>, <fpage>133</fpage>–60</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref052"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kemp</surname><given-names>B R</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1986</year>. <source>Reading Abbey Cartularies</source>, <edition>2</edition> vols, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref053"><name name-style="western"><surname>Kemp</surname><given-names>B R</given-names></name> <year>1988</year>. <source>‘Some aspects of the parochia of Leominster in the twelfth century’</source>, in <name name-style="western"><surname>Blair</surname></name> (ed) 1988, <fpage>83</fpage>–<lpage>95</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref054"><name name-style="western"><surname>King</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> <year>1799</year>–<year>1805</year>. <source>Munimenta antiqua; or, Observations on ancient castles. Including remarks on the whole progress of architecture, ecclesiastical, as well as military, in Great Britain</source>, vol <edition>IV</edition> (1805), <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref055"><name name-style="western"><surname>King</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> <year>1984</year>. <article-title>‘The anarchy of King Stephen's reign’</article-title>, <source>Trans Roy Hist Soc</source>, <volume>34</volume>, <fpage>133</fpage>–53</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref056"><name name-style="western"><surname>King</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Potter</surname><given-names>K R</given-names></name> (eds) <year>1998</year>. <source>William of Malmesbury. Historia Novella. The Contemporary History</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref057"><name name-style="western"><surname>King</surname><given-names>J F</given-names></name> <year>1990</year>. <article-title>‘The Old Sarum master: a twelfth-century sculptor in south-west England’</article-title>, <source>Wiltshire Archaeol Natur Hist Mag</source>, <volume>83</volume>, <fpage>70</fpage>–<lpage>95</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref058"><name name-style="western"><surname>King</surname><given-names>J F</given-names></name> <year>1995</year>. <source>‘The parish church at Kilpeck reassessed’</source>, in <name name-style="western"><surname>Whitehead</surname></name> (ed) <year>1995</year>, <fpage>82</fpage>–<lpage>91</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref059"><name name-style="western"><surname>Maguire</surname><given-names>H P</given-names></name> <year>1970</year>. <article-title>‘A twelfth-century workshop in Northampton’</article-title>, <source>Gesta</source>, <volume>9</volume>/<issue>1</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>25</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref060"><name name-style="western"><surname>McGurk</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1998</year>. <source>The Chronicle of John of Worcester</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref061"><name name-style="western"><surname>Morey</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Brooke</surname><given-names>C N L</given-names></name> (eds) <year>1967</year>. <source>The Letters and Charters of Gilbert Foliot</source>, <publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref062"><name name-style="western"><surname>Mortimer</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> <year>1986</year>. <article-title>‘Land and service: the tenants of the Honor of Clare’</article-title>, <source>Anglo-Norman Stud</source>, <volume>8</volume>, <fpage>177</fpage>–97</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref063"><name name-style="western"><surname>Patterson</surname><given-names>R B</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1973</year>. <source>Earldom of Gloucester Charters. The Charters and Scribes of the Earls and Countesses of Gloucester to AD 1217</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref064"><name name-style="western"><surname>Petzold</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name> <year>1995</year>. <source>Romanesque Art</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref065"><name name-style="western"><surname>Pevsner</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name> <year>1963</year>. <source>Herefordshire</source>, <publisher-name>The Buildings of England</publisher-name>, <publisher-loc>Harmondsworth</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref066"><name name-style="western"><surname>Potter</surname><given-names>K R</given-names></name> (ed). <year>1955</year>. <source>The Historia Novella by William of Malmesbury</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref067"><name name-style="western"><surname>Potter</surname><given-names>K R</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1976</year>. <source>Gesta Stephani</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref068"><name name-style="western"><surname>Preest</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> (ed) <year>2002</year>. <source>William of Malmesbury. The Deeds of the Bishops of England (Gesta Pontificum Anglorum)</source>, <publisher-loc>Woodbridge</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref069"><collab>RCHME</collab> <year>1939</year>. ‘The parish church of St Mary, Iffley’, in <source>City of Oxford</source>, <publisher-name>Roy Comm Hist Monuments Engl Inventories</publisher-name>, <fpage>151</fpage>–4, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref070"><collab>RCHME</collab> <year>1980</year>. <source>City of Salisbury, Vol 1</source>, <publisher-name>Roy Comm Hist Monuments Engl Inventories</publisher-name>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref071"><name name-style="western"><surname>Reeves</surname><given-names>N C</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1997</year>. <source>The 1675 Thomas Blount Manuscript History of Herefordshire</source>, <publisher-loc>Hereford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref072"><name name-style="western"><surname>Round</surname><given-names>J H</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1899</year>. <source>Calendar of Documents in France, Illustrative of the History of Great Britain and Ireland</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref073"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sanders</surname><given-names>I J</given-names></name> <year>1960</year>. <source>English Baronies. A Study of their Origins and Descent 1086–1327</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref074"><name name-style="western"><surname>Seidel</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name> <year>1981</year>. <source>Songs of Glory. The Romanesque Facades of Aquitaine</source>, <publisher-loc>Chicago</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref075"><name name-style="western"><surname>Shoesmith</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1992</year>. ‘Excavations at Kilpeck, Herefordshire’, <source>Trans Woolhope Natur Fid Club</source>, <volume>47</volume>, Part II, <fpage>162</fpage>–<lpage>209</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref076"><name name-style="western"><surname>Simpson</surname><given-names>G G</given-names></name> <year>1985</year>. ‘The <italic>familia</italic> of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester and Constable of Scotland’, in <source>Essays on the Nobility of Medieval Scotland</source> (ed <name name-style="western"><surname>Stringer</surname><given-names>K J</given-names></name>), <fpage>102</fpage>–23, <publisher-loc>Edinburgh</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref077"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stalley</surname><given-names>R A</given-names></name> <year>1971</year>. <article-title>‘A twelfth-century patron of architecture: a study of the buildings erected by Roger, Bishop of Salisbury 1102–1139’</article-title>, <source>J Brit Archaeol Ass</source>, 3rd ser, <volume>34</volume>, <fpage>62</fpage>–<lpage>83</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref078"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stalley</surname><given-names>R A</given-names></name> <year>1981</year> ‘Three Irish buildings with West Country origins’, <source>Medieval Art and Architecture at Wells and Glastonbury</source>, Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans, IV (eds <name name-style="western"><surname>Coldstream</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Draper</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>), <fpage>62</fpage>–<lpage>80</lpage>, <publisher-loc>London and Leeds</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref079"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stenton</surname><given-names>F M</given-names></name> <year>1932</year>. <source>The First Century of English Feudalism, 1066–1166</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref080"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stokes</surname><given-names>M A</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Baxter</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Gardiner</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Hunt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1999</year>. <article-title>‘The Herefordshire School of sculpture. Summary of papers given at a day school held in the University of Birmingham, Saturday May 22nd, 1999’</article-title>, <source>West Midlands Archaeol</source>, <volume>42</volume>, <fpage>11</fpage>–<lpage>18</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref081"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stone</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name> <year>1972</year>. <source>Sculpture in Britain. The Middle Ages</source>, 2nd edn, <publisher-loc>Harmondsworth</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref082"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stringer</surname><given-names>K J</given-names></name> <year>1985</year>. <source>Earl David of Huntingdon, 1152–1219</source>, <publisher-loc>Edinburgh</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref083"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stubbs</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1889</year>. <source>Willelmi Malmesbiriensis Monachi De Gestis Regum Anglorum, II, Rolls Series</source>, <edition>XC</edition>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref084"><name name-style="western"><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>H M</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Taylor</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> <year>1965</year>. <source>Anglo-Saxon Architecture</source>, <edition>2</edition> vols, <publisher-loc>Cambridge</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref085"><name name-style="western"><surname>Tcherikover</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name> <year>1990</year>. <article-title>‘Aulnay de Saintonge and High Romanesque figure sculpture in Aquitaine’</article-title>, <source>J Brit Archaeol Ass</source>, <volume>143</volume>, <fpage>77</fpage>–<lpage>89</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref086"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1986</year>. <article-title>‘The north transept doorway of Lichfield Cathedral: problems of style’</article-title>, <source>Revue d'Art Canadienne/Canadian Art Review</source>, <volume>13</volume>/<issue>2</issue><fpage>121</fpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref087"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1995</year>a. <source>‘Hereford Cathedral: the Romanesque fabric’</source>, in <name name-style="western"><surname>Whitehead</surname></name> (ed) 1995, <fpage>15</fpage>–<lpage>28</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref088"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1995</year>b. <article-title>‘The Lady Chapel of Glastonbury Abbey’</article-title>, <source>Antiq J</source>, <volume>75</volume>, <fpage>107</fpage>–70</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref089"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>1999</year>. <source>The Herefordshire School of Romanesque Sculpture</source>, <publisher-loc>Logaston</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref090"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>2000</year>. <article-title>‘Aspects of Romanesque ecclesiastical architecture in Dorset: Wimborne Minster, Sherborne Abbey, Forde Abbey Chapter House, and St Mary's, Maiden Newton’</article-title>, <source>Proc Dorset Natur Hist Archaeol Soc</source>, <volume>122</volume>, <fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>19</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref091"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thurlby</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> <year>2001</year>. ‘The place of St Albans in regional sculpture and architecture in the second half of the twelfth century’, in <source>Alban Architecture, Art and Archaeology</source>, Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans, XXIV (eds <name name-style="western"><surname>Henig</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Lindley</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name>), <fpage>162</fpage>–75, <publisher-loc>Leeds</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref092"><name name-style="western"><surname>Walker</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1964</year>. <article-title>‘Charters of the earldom of Hereford 1095–1201’</article-title>, <source>Camden Miscellany</source>, <volume>23</volume>, <fpage>1</fpage>–<lpage>75</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref093"><name name-style="western"><surname>Weaver</surname><given-names>J R H</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1908</year>. <source>The Chronicle of John of Worcester 1118–1140</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref094"><name name-style="western"><surname>West</surname><given-names>J K</given-names></name> <year>1988</year>. <source>‘Architectural sculpture in parish churches in the nth- and 12th-century west Midlands: some problems in assessing the evidence’</source>, in <name name-style="western"><surname>Blair</surname></name> (ed) 1988, <fpage>159</fpage>–64</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref095"><name name-style="western"><surname>Whitehead</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> <year>1995</year>. <source>‘The mid-nineteenth-century restoration of Hereford Cathedral by Lewis Knockalls Cottingham, 1842–1850’</source>, in <name name-style="western"><surname>Whitehead</surname></name> (ed) 1995, <fpage>176</fpage>–86</citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref096"><name name-style="western"><surname>Whitehead</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name> (ed) <year>1995</year>. <source>Medieval Art, Architecture and Archaeology at Hereford</source>, <publisher-name>Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans,</publisher-name> XV, <publisher-loc>London and Leeds</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref097"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wightman</surname><given-names>W E</given-names></name> <year>1966</year>. <source>The Lacy Family in England and Normandy, 1066–1195</source>, <publisher-loc>Oxford</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="other" id="ref098"><name name-style="western"><surname>Williamson</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name> <year>1984</year>. ‘Corbel, Victoria and Albert Museum, London’, in <name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname></name> <italic>et al.</italic> 1984, <edition>177</edition>, no. <fpage>136</fpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref099"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name> <year>1985</year>. ‘Abbot Serlo's church at Gloucester (1089–1100): its place in Romanesque architecture’, <source>Medieval Art and Architecture at Gloucester and Tewkesbury</source>, <publisher-name>Brit Archaeol Ass Conference Trans</publisher-name>, VII (eds <name name-style="western"><surname>Heslop</surname><given-names>T A</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Sekules</surname><given-names>V A</given-names></name>), <fpage>52</fpage>–<lpage>83</lpage>, <publisher-loc>London and Leeds</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref100"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wood</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> <year>1994</year>. <article-title>‘The Romanesque doorways of Yorkshire, with special reference to that at St Mary's Church, Riccall’</article-title>, <source>Yorkshire Archaeol J</source>, <volume>66</volume>, <fpage>59</fpage>–<lpage>90</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref101"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wood</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name> <year>2000</year>. ‘The Romanesque doorway at Fishlake’, <source>Yorkshire Archaeol J</source>, <volume>72</volume>, <fpage>17</fpage>–<lpage>39</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="thesis" id="ref102"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name> <year>1951</year>. ‘Regional schools of English sculpture in the twelfth century. The Southern School and the Herefordshire School’, unpublished PhD thesis, <publisher-name>University of London</publisher-name></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref103"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name> <year>1953</year>. <source>Later English Romanesque Sculpture, 1140–1210</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="journal" id="ref104"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name> <year>1993</year>. <article-title>‘The future of the Shobdon Arches’</article-title>, <source>J Brit Archaeol Ass</source>, <volume>146</volume>, <fpage>87</fpage>–<lpage>92</lpage></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref105"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name> <year>1998</year>. ‘The Romanesque sculpture of the Welsh Marches’, in <source>Medieval Art: Recent Perspectives. A Memorial Tribute to C. R. Dodwell</source> (eds <name name-style="western"><surname>Owen-Crocker</surname><given-names>G R</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Graham</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name>), <fpage>60</fpage>–<lpage>88</lpage>, <publisher-loc>Manchester</publisher-loc></citation></ref><ref><citation citation-type="book" id="ref106"><name name-style="western"><surname>Zarnecki</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name>, <name name-style="western"><surname>Holt</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name> and <name name-style="western"><surname>Holland</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name> (eds) <year>1984</year>. <source>English Romanesque Art 1066–1200</source>, <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></citation></ref></ref-list></back></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">John</namePart><namePart type="family">Hunt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Cambridge University Press</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Cambridge, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-09</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract type="text-abstract" lang="en">The origins of the Herefordshire School of Sculpture have traditionally been associated with Shobdon Priory, although both Leominster Priory and Kilpeck Church have also been suggested. This paper proposes that the origins of the Herefordshire School should be sought elsewhere, most probably in Hereford Cathedral. Recent studies tend to date the activity of the Herefordshire School earlier than was previously supposed, but it is here argued that these principal monuments of the School are actually later in date than the revisions suggest and that the Herefordshire School of Sculpture was active for around thirty years, into the early 1160s. The importance of lay patronage is confirmed, but scope for the influence of churchmen in the promotion of the School is also proposed. Some of the schemes adopted may have served to convey messages intended to help the church protect itself and its possessions in the turbulent times of the Anarchy.</abstract><note type="footnotes">75 Lower Road, Hednesford, Staffordshire WS12 iND, UK.</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The Antiquaries Journal</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Antiq. J.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0003-5815</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1758-5309</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ANT</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>84</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>185</start><end>222</end><total>38</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">B2F59AC2374079017ABB607B7554014E07D15F3E</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1017/S0003581500045832</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0003581500045832</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">04583</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2004</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-G3RCRD03-V">cambridge</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 2004</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6GQ-RZKCSGJ5-V/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/ChansonRoland/explor/ChansonRolandV7/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000878 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000878 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= ChansonRoland
|area= ChansonRolandV7
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:B2F59AC2374079017ABB607B7554014E07D15F3E
|texte= Sculpture, Dates and Patrons: Dating the Herefordshire School of Sculpture
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.39. |  |