Cosmopolitanism and Biogeography of the Genus Manganonema (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in the Deep Sea
Identifieur interne : 000025 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000024; suivant : 000026Cosmopolitanism and Biogeography of the Genus Manganonema (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in the Deep Sea
Auteurs : Daniela Zeppilli ; Ann Vanreusel ; Roberto DanovaroSource :
- Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI [ 2076-2615 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
The deep sea comprises more than 60% of the Earth surface, and likely represents the largest reservoir of as yet undiscovered biodiversity. Nematodes are the most abundant taxon on Earth and are particularly abundant and diverse in the deep sea. Nevertheless, knowledge of their biogeography especially in the deep sea is still at its infancy. This article explores the distribution of the genus
Spatial patterns of species diversity provide information about the mechanisms that regulate biodiversity and are important for setting conservation priorities. Present knowledge of the biogeography of meiofauna in the deep sea is scarce. This investigation focuses on the distribution of the deep-sea nematode genus
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ani1030291
PubMed: 26486501
PubMed Central: 4513462
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000025
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4513462Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Cosmopolitanism and Biogeography of the Genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in the Deep Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Zeppilli, Daniela" sort="Zeppilli, Daniela" uniqKey="Zeppilli D" first="Daniela" last="Zeppilli">Daniela Zeppilli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-animals-01-00291">Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; E-Mail:<email>d.zeppilli@univpm.it</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, Ann" sort="Vanreusel, Ann" uniqKey="Vanreusel A" first="Ann" last="Vanreusel">Ann Vanreusel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-animals-01-00291">Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail:<email>ann.vanreusel@ugent.be</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, Roberto" sort="Danovaro, Roberto" uniqKey="Danovaro R" first="Roberto" last="Danovaro">Roberto Danovaro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-animals-01-00291">Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; E-Mail:<email>d.zeppilli@univpm.it</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26486501</idno><idno type="pmc">4513462</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4513462</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4513462</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/ani1030291</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000025</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000025</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cosmopolitanism and Biogeography of the Genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in the Deep Sea</title><author><name sortKey="Zeppilli, Daniela" sort="Zeppilli, Daniela" uniqKey="Zeppilli D" first="Daniela" last="Zeppilli">Daniela Zeppilli</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-animals-01-00291">Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; E-Mail:<email>d.zeppilli@univpm.it</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, Ann" sort="Vanreusel, Ann" uniqKey="Vanreusel A" first="Ann" last="Vanreusel">Ann Vanreusel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-animals-01-00291">Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail:<email>ann.vanreusel@ugent.be</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, Roberto" sort="Danovaro, Roberto" uniqKey="Danovaro R" first="Roberto" last="Danovaro">Roberto Danovaro</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-animals-01-00291">Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; E-Mail:<email>d.zeppilli@univpm.it</email></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI</title><idno type="eISSN">2076-2615</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Simple Summary</title><p>The deep sea comprises more than 60% of the Earth surface, and likely represents the largest reservoir of as yet undiscovered biodiversity. Nematodes are the most abundant taxon on Earth and are particularly abundant and diverse in the deep sea. Nevertheless, knowledge of their biogeography especially in the deep sea is still at its infancy. This article explores the distribution of the genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> in the deep Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea providing new insights about this apparently rare deep-sea genus.</p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Spatial patterns of species diversity provide information about the mechanisms that regulate biodiversity and are important for setting conservation priorities. Present knowledge of the biogeography of meiofauna in the deep sea is scarce. This investigation focuses on the distribution of the deep-sea nematode genus <italic>Manganonema</italic>, which is typically extremely rare in deep-sea sediment samples. Forty-four specimens of eight different species of this genus were recorded from different Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Four out of the eight species encountered are new to science. We report here that this genus is widespread both in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea. These new findings together with literature information indicate that <italic>Manganonema</italic> is a cosmopolitan genus, inhabiting a variety of deep-sea habitats and oceans. <italic>Manganonema</italic> shows the highest diversity at water depths >4,000 m. Our data, therefore, indicate that this is preferentially an abyssal genus that is able, at the same time, to colonize specific habitats at depths shallower than 1,000 m. The analysis of the distribution of the genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> indicates the presence of large differences in dispersal strategies among different species, ranging from locally endemic to cosmopolitan. Lacking meroplanktonic larvae and having limited dispersal ability due to their small size, it has been hypothesized that nematodes have limited dispersal potential. However, the investigated deep-sea nematodes were present across different oceans covering macro-scale distances. Among the possible explanations (hydrological conditions, geographical and geological pathways, long-term processes, specific historical events), their apparent preference of colonizing highly hydrodynamic systems, could suggest that these infaunal organisms are transported by means of deep-sea benthic storms and turbidity currents over long distances.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambshead, P J D" uniqKey="Lambshead P">P.J.D. Lambshead</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Giere, O" uniqKey="Giere O">O. Giere</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thiel, H" uniqKey="Thiel H">H. Thiel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Heip, C" uniqKey="Heip C">C. Heip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vincx, M" uniqKey="Vincx M">M. Vincx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vranken, G" uniqKey="Vranken G">G. Vranken</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambshead, P J D" uniqKey="Lambshead P">P.J.D. Lambshead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schalk, P" uniqKey="Schalk P">P. Schalk</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, R" uniqKey="Danovaro R">R. Danovaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gambi, C" uniqKey="Gambi C">C. Gambi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Della Croce, N" uniqKey="Della Croce N">N. Della Croce</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambshead, P J D" uniqKey="Lambshead P">P.J.D. Lambshead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Boucher, G" uniqKey="Boucher G">G. Boucher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mokievsky, V" uniqKey="Mokievsky V">V. Mokievsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azovsky, A" uniqKey="Azovsky A">A. Azovsky</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boucher, G" uniqKey="Boucher G">G. Boucher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lambshead, P J D" uniqKey="Lambshead P">P.J.D. Lambshead</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miljutin, M D" uniqKey="Miljutin M">M.D. Miljutin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gad, G" uniqKey="Gad G">G. Gad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miljutina, M M" uniqKey="Miljutina M">M.M. Miljutina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mokievsky, V O" uniqKey="Mokievsky V">V.O. Mokievsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fonseca Genevois, V" uniqKey="Fonseca Genevois V">V. Fonseca-Genevois</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esteves, A M" uniqKey="Esteves A">A.M. Esteves</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Godfray, H C J" uniqKey="Godfray H">H.C.J. Godfray</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vermeeren, H" uniqKey="Vermeeren H">H. Vermeeren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanhove, S" uniqKey="Vanhove S">S. Vanhove</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holyoak, M" uniqKey="Holyoak M">M. Holyoak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leibold, M A" uniqKey="Leibold M">M.A. Leibold</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holt, R D" uniqKey="Holt R">R.D. Holt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gaston, K" uniqKey="Gaston K">K. Gaston</name></author><author><name sortKey="Blackburn, T" uniqKey="Blackburn T">T. Blackburn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ferrier, S" uniqKey="Ferrier S">S. Ferrier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Powell, G V N" uniqKey="Powell G">G.V.N. Powell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richardson, K S" uniqKey="Richardson K">K.S. Richardson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Manion, G" uniqKey="Manion G">G. Manion</name></author><author><name sortKey="Overtone, J M" uniqKey="Overtone J">J.M. Overtone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Allnutt, T F" uniqKey="Allnutt T">T.F. Allnutt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cameron, S E" uniqKey="Cameron S">S.E. Cameron</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mantle, K" uniqKey="Mantle K">K. Mantle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burgess, N D" uniqKey="Burgess N">N.D. Burgess</name></author><author><name sortKey="Faith, D P" uniqKey="Faith D">D.P. Faith</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamoreux, J F" uniqKey="Lamoreux J">J.F. Lamoreux</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kier, G" uniqKey="Kier G">G. Kier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hijmans, R J" uniqKey="Hijmans R">R.J. Hijmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Funk, V A" uniqKey="Funk V">V.A. Funk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cassis, G A" uniqKey="Cassis G">G.A. Cassis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fisher, B L" uniqKey="Fisher B">B.L. Fisher</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flemons, P" uniqKey="Flemons P">P. Flemons</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lees, D" uniqKey="Lees D">D. Lees</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lovett, J C" uniqKey="Lovett J">J.C. Lovett</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Rompaey, R S A R" uniqKey="Van Rompaey R">R.S.A.R. Van Rompaey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, G" uniqKey="Fonseca G">G. Fonseca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Decraemer, W" uniqKey="Decraemer W">W. Decraemer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gheerardyn, H" uniqKey="Gheerardyn H">H. Gheerardyn</name></author><author><name sortKey="Veit Kohler, G" uniqKey="Veit Kohler G">G. Veit-Köhler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Decraemer, W" uniqKey="Decraemer W">W. Decraemer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gourbault, N" uniqKey="Gourbault N">N. Gourbault</name></author><author><name sortKey="Helleouet, M N" uniqKey="Helleouet M">M.N. Helleouet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, G" uniqKey="Fonseca G">G. Fonseca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, R" uniqKey="Danovaro R">R. Danovaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dasilva, M" uniqKey="Dasilva M">M. DaSilva</name></author><author><name sortKey="Esteves, A" uniqKey="Esteves A">A. Esteves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrero, T" uniqKey="Ferrero T">T. Ferrero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gad, G" uniqKey="Gad G">G. Gad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galtsova, V" uniqKey="Galtsova V">V. Galtsova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gambi, C" uniqKey="Gambi C">C. Gambi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Da Fonseca Genevois, V" uniqKey="Da Fonseca Genevois V">V. da Fonseca Genevois</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ingels, J" uniqKey="Ingels J">J. Ingels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ingole, B" uniqKey="Ingole B">B. Ingole</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lampadariou, N" uniqKey="Lampadariou N">N. Lampadariou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Merckx, B" uniqKey="Merckx B">B. Merckx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miljutin, D" uniqKey="Miljutin D">D. Miljutin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miljutina, M" uniqKey="Miljutina M">M. Miljutina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muthumbi, A" uniqKey="Muthumbi A">A. Muthumbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Netto, S" uniqKey="Netto S">S. Netto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Portnova, D" uniqKey="Portnova D">D. Portnova</name></author><author><name sortKey="Radziejewska, T" uniqKey="Radziejewska T">T. Radziejewska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raes, M" uniqKey="Raes M">M. Raes</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tchesunov, A" uniqKey="Tchesunov A">A. Tchesunov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanaverbeke, J" uniqKey="Vanaverbeke J">J. Vanaverbeke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Gaever, S" uniqKey="Van Gaever S">S. Van Gaever</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venekey, V" uniqKey="Venekey V">V. Venekey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bezerra, T N" uniqKey="Bezerra T">T.N. Bezerra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flint, H" uniqKey="Flint H">H. Flint</name></author><author><name sortKey="Copley, J" uniqKey="Copley J">J. Copley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pape, E" uniqKey="Pape E">E. Pape</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeppilli, D" uniqKey="Zeppilli D">D. Zeppilli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arbizu Martinez, P" uniqKey="Arbizu Martinez P">P. Arbizu Martinez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galeron, J" uniqKey="Galeron J">J. Galeron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingels, J" uniqKey="Ingels J">J. Ingels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanhove, S" uniqKey="Vanhove S">S. Vanhove</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Mesel, I" uniqKey="De Mesel I">I. De Mesel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, G" uniqKey="Fonseca G">G. Fonseca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muthumbi, A W" uniqKey="Muthumbi A">A.W. Muthumbi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, R" uniqKey="Danovaro R">R. Danovaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bianchelli, S" uniqKey="Bianchelli S">S. Bianchelli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gambi, C" uniqKey="Gambi C">C. Gambi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mea, M" uniqKey="Mea M">M. Mea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zeppilli, D" uniqKey="Zeppilli D">D. Zeppilli</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Mesel, I" uniqKey="De Mesel I">I. De Mesel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, H J" uniqKey="Lee H">H.J. Lee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanhove, S" uniqKey="Vanhove S">S. Vanhove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vincx, M" uniqKey="Vincx M">M. Vincx</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Den Bossche, I" uniqKey="Van Den Bossche I">I. Van den Bossche</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiermann, F" uniqKey="Thiermann F">F. Thiermann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vanhove, S" uniqKey="Vanhove S">S. Vanhove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Arntz, W" uniqKey="Arntz W">W. Arntz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vincx, M" uniqKey="Vincx M">M. Vincx</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vopel, K" uniqKey="Vopel K">K. Vopel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thiel, H" uniqKey="Thiel H">H. Thiel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lambshead, P J D" uniqKey="Lambshead P">P.J.D. Lambshead</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, C J" uniqKey="Brown C">C.J. Brown</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrero, T" uniqKey="Ferrero T">T. Ferrero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mitchell, N" uniqKey="Mitchell N">N. Mitchell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, L E" uniqKey="Hawkins L">L.E. Hawkins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, C R" uniqKey="Smith C">C.R. Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vanhove, S" uniqKey="Vanhove S">S. Vanhove</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vermeeren, H" uniqKey="Vermeeren H">H. Vermeeren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fonseca, G" uniqKey="Fonseca G">G. Fonseca</name></author><author><name sortKey="Decraemer, W" uniqKey="Decraemer W">W. Decraemer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sebastian, S" uniqKey="Sebastian S">S. Sebastian</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raes, M" uniqKey="Raes M">M. Raes</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Mesel, I" uniqKey="De Mesel I">I. De Mesel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, R" uniqKey="Danovaro R">R. Danovaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gambi, C" uniqKey="Gambi C">C. Gambi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lampadariou, N" uniqKey="Lampadariou N">N. Lampadariou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tselepides, A" uniqKey="Tselepides A">A. Tselepides</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ingels, J" uniqKey="Ingels J">J. Ingels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiriakoulakis, K" uniqKey="Kiriakoulakis K">K. Kiriakoulakis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolff, G A" uniqKey="Wolff G">G.A. Wolff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soltwedel, T" uniqKey="Soltwedel T">T. Soltwedel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mokievsky, V" uniqKey="Mokievsky V">V. Mokievsky</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schewe, I" uniqKey="Schewe I">I. Schewe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haseman, C" uniqKey="Haseman C">C. Haseman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Gaever, S" uniqKey="Van Gaever S">S. Van Gaever</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olu, K" uniqKey="Olu K">K. Olu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Derycke, S" uniqKey="Derycke S">S. Derycke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miljutina, M A" uniqKey="Miljutina M">M.A. Miljutina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miljutin, D M" uniqKey="Miljutin D">D.M. Miljutin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahatma, R" uniqKey="Mahatma R">R. Mahatma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galeron, J" uniqKey="Galeron J">J. Galéron</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Danovaro, R" uniqKey="Danovaro R">R. Danovaro</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gerlach, S A" uniqKey="Gerlach S">S.A. Gerlach</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brandt, A" uniqKey="Brandt A">A. Brandt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gooday, A J" uniqKey="Gooday A">A.J. Gooday</name></author><author><name sortKey="Branda, S N" uniqKey="Branda S">S.N. Branda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brix, S" uniqKey="Brix S">S. Brix</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brokeland, W" uniqKey="Brokeland W">W. Brökeland</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cedhagen, T" uniqKey="Cedhagen T">T. Cedhagen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Choudhury, M" uniqKey="Choudhury M">M. Choudhury</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cornelius, N" uniqKey="Cornelius N">N. Cornelius</name></author><author><name sortKey="Danis, B" uniqKey="Danis B">B. Danis</name></author><author><name sortKey="De Mesel, I" uniqKey="De Mesel I">I. De Mesel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diaz, R D" uniqKey="Diaz R">R.D. Diaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gillan, D C" uniqKey="Gillan D">D.C. Gillan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebbe, B" uniqKey="Ebbe B">B. Ebbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Howe, J A" uniqKey="Howe J">J.A. Howe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Janussen, D" uniqKey="Janussen D">D. Janussen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kaiser, S" uniqKey="Kaiser S">S. Kaiser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Linse, K" uniqKey="Linse K">K. Linse</name></author><author><name sortKey="Malyutina, M" uniqKey="Malyutina M">M. Malyutina</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pawlowski, J" uniqKey="Pawlowski J">J. Pawlowski</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raupach, M" uniqKey="Raupach M">M. Raupach</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vanreusel, A" uniqKey="Vanreusel A">A. Vanreusel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schuller, M" uniqKey="Schuller M">M. Schüller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebbe, B" uniqKey="Ebbe B">B. Ebbe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scheltema, R S" uniqKey="Scheltema R">R.S. Scheltema</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pearse, J S" uniqKey="Pearse J">J.S. Pearse</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Animals (Basel)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Animals (Basel)</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Animals</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2076-2615</issn><publisher><publisher-name>MDPI</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26486501</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4513462</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ani1030291</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">animals-01-00291</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Cosmopolitanism and Biogeography of the Genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in the Deep Sea</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeppilli</surname><given-names>Daniela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-animals-01-00291">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vanreusel</surname><given-names>Ann</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-animals-01-00291">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Danovaro</surname><given-names>Roberto</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-animals-01-00291">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-animals-01-00291"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-animals-01-00291"><label>1</label>Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; E-Mail:<email>d.zeppilli@univpm.it</email></aff><aff id="af2-animals-01-00291"><label>2</label>Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; E-Mail:<email>ann.vanreusel@ugent.be</email></aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-animals-01-00291"><label>*</label>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: <email>r.danovaro@univpm.it</email>; Tel.: +39-071-220-4654; Fax: +39-071-220-4650.</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>9</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>9</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>291</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>7</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>24</day><month>8</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>1</day><month>9</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2011 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license><license-p><pmc-comment>CREATIVE COMMONS</pmc-comment>This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/</ext-link>).</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Simple Summary</title><p>The deep sea comprises more than 60% of the Earth surface, and likely represents the largest reservoir of as yet undiscovered biodiversity. Nematodes are the most abundant taxon on Earth and are particularly abundant and diverse in the deep sea. Nevertheless, knowledge of their biogeography especially in the deep sea is still at its infancy. This article explores the distribution of the genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> in the deep Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea providing new insights about this apparently rare deep-sea genus.</p></sec><sec><title>Abstract</title><p>Spatial patterns of species diversity provide information about the mechanisms that regulate biodiversity and are important for setting conservation priorities. Present knowledge of the biogeography of meiofauna in the deep sea is scarce. This investigation focuses on the distribution of the deep-sea nematode genus <italic>Manganonema</italic>, which is typically extremely rare in deep-sea sediment samples. Forty-four specimens of eight different species of this genus were recorded from different Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. Four out of the eight species encountered are new to science. We report here that this genus is widespread both in the Atlantic and in the Mediterranean Sea. These new findings together with literature information indicate that <italic>Manganonema</italic> is a cosmopolitan genus, inhabiting a variety of deep-sea habitats and oceans. <italic>Manganonema</italic> shows the highest diversity at water depths >4,000 m. Our data, therefore, indicate that this is preferentially an abyssal genus that is able, at the same time, to colonize specific habitats at depths shallower than 1,000 m. The analysis of the distribution of the genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> indicates the presence of large differences in dispersal strategies among different species, ranging from locally endemic to cosmopolitan. Lacking meroplanktonic larvae and having limited dispersal ability due to their small size, it has been hypothesized that nematodes have limited dispersal potential. However, the investigated deep-sea nematodes were present across different oceans covering macro-scale distances. Among the possible explanations (hydrological conditions, geographical and geological pathways, long-term processes, specific historical events), their apparent preference of colonizing highly hydrodynamic systems, could suggest that these infaunal organisms are transported by means of deep-sea benthic storms and turbidity currents over long distances.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>deep sea</kwd><kwd>biogeography</kwd><kwd>cosmopolitanism</kwd><kwd>nematodes</kwd><kwd><italic>Manganonema</italic></kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-animals-01-00291" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Geographic distribution of the genus <italic>Manganonema</italic> at global scale (<bold>A</bold>) and in the Mediterranean Sea (<bold>B</bold>). Red circles indicate locations of <italic>Manganonema</italic> records in the present study, green circles indicate <italic>Manganonema</italic> records available in literature (Antarctic Ocean [<xref rid="b28-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>,<xref rid="b29-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>], Arctic Ocean [<xref rid="b33-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>], Atlantic Ocean [<xref rid="b29-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>,<xref rid="b30-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>,<xref rid="b32-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">32</xref>], Barents Sea [<xref rid="b34-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">34</xref>], Pacific Ocean [<xref rid="b24-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>,<xref rid="b26-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>,<xref rid="b27-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>,<xref rid="b29-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">29</xref>,<xref rid="b35-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>], Mediterranean Sea [<xref rid="b31-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">31</xref>], Weddell Sea [<xref rid="b25-animals-01-00291" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="animals-01-00291-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-animals-01-00291" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Bathymetric species richness of the genus <italic>Manganonema</italic>.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="animals-01-00291-g002"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-animals-01-00291" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Pictorial key for <italic>Manganonema pitilica</italic> (<bold>A</bold>–<bold>C</bold><italic>), Manganonema robustus</italic> (<bold>D</bold>–<bold>F</bold>) and <italic>Manganonema bussuaensis</italic> (<bold>G</bold>–<bold>I</bold>) with the representation of the anterior and posterior ends, geographical distribution (red circles indicate records in the present study, green circles indicate records available in literature) and short diagnosis of each species. Reported are ratio a = body length divided by maximum body diameter, b = body length divided by pharyngeal length, c = body length divided by tail length, c′ = tail length divided by anal body diameter, cbd = corresponding body diameter.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="animals-01-00291-g003"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-animals-01-00291" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Pictorial key for <italic>Manganonema media</italic> (<bold>A</bold>–<bold>C</bold>), <italic>Manganonema sp. 1</italic> (<bold>D</bold>–<bold>F</bold>) and <italic>Manganonema sp. 2</italic> (<italic>putative species</italic>) (<bold>G</bold>–<bold>I</bold>) with the representation of the anterior and posterior ends, geographical distribution (red circles indicate records in the present study, green circles indicate records available in literature) and short diagnosis of each species. Reported are ratio a = body length divided by maximum body diameter, b = body length divided by pharyngeal length, c = body length divided by tail length, c′ = tail length divided by anal body diameter, cbd = corresponding body diameter.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="animals-01-00291-g004"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-animals-01-00291" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Pictorial key for <italic>Manganonema sp. 3</italic> (<italic>putative species</italic>) (<bold>A</bold>–<bold>C</bold>) and <italic>Manganonema sp. 4</italic> (<bold>D</bold>–<bold>F</bold>) with the representation of the anterior and posterior ends, geographical distribution (red circles indicate records in the present study, green circles indicate records available in literature) and short diagnosis of each species. Reported are ratio a = body length divided by maximum body diameter, b = body length divided by pharyngeal length, c = body length divided by tail length, c′ = tail length divided by anal body diameter, cbd = corresponding body diameter.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="animals-01-00291-g005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-animals-01-00291" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>List of the sampling sites. Reported are latitude longitude, water depth, region, habitat and number of investigated <italic>Manganonema</italic> specimens for each station.</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Station</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Latitude</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Longitude</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Water depth (m)</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Region</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Habitat</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold><italic>Manganonema</italic> specimens</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55°29.71′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15°48.56′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">567</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Rockall Through)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cold-water corals</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41°52.54′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17°00.47′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">590</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Central Mediterranean Sea (Southern Adriatic Sea)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Erosional structure (mud wave)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41°47.34′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17°01.85′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">714</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Central Mediterranean Sea (Southern Adriatic Sea)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Erosional structure (furrow)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41°31.88′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17°25.15′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">824</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Central Mediterranean Sea (Southern Adriatic Sea)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dauno seamount</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02°57.26′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06°49.51′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,671</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Guinea)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">02°56.87′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06°49.44′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,701</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Guinea)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Submarine landslides</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34°40.26′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24°07.66′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1,998</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eastern Mediterranean Sea</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unstable continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37°50.00′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09°45.00′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,130</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Portuguese Margin)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36°47.38′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">00°29.06′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,689</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Western Mediterranean Sea</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35°00.34′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">08°16.27′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,788</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Cadiz)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39°18.80′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">06°04.25′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2,855</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Western Mediterranean Sea</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35°08.33′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20°50.88′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,000</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eastern Mediterranean Sea</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35°57.64′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28°17.63′E</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,009</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Eastern Mediterranean Sea</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40°10.00′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09°59.99′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3,475</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Portuguese Margin)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39°13.74′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10°59.00′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,060</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Portuguese Margin)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unstable continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34°37.49′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09°17,00′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,335</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Cadiz)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34°32.75′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09°45.38′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,381</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Cadiz)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34°08.02′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">09°33.28′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,385</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Gulf of Cadiz)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40°10.01′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10°59.99′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,902</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Portuguese Margin)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open continental slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37°50.01′N</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11°00.01′W</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4,987</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">North-east Atlantic Ocean (Portuguese Margin)</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Open Continental Slope</td><td align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Belgique/explor/OpenAccessBelV2/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000025 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000025 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Belgique
|area= OpenAccessBelV2
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4513462
|texte= Cosmopolitanism and Biogeography of the Genus Manganonema (Nematoda: Monhysterida) in the Deep Sea
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26486501" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a OpenAccessBelV2
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.25. |  |