Does the Reporting Quality of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies, as Defined by STARD 2015, Affect Citation?
Identifieur interne : 000473 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000472; suivant : 000474Does the Reporting Quality of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies, as Defined by STARD 2015, Affect Citation?
Auteurs : Young Jun Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Mi Sun Chung [Corée du Sud] ; Hyun Jung Koo [Corée du Sud] ; Ji Eun Park [Corée du Sud] ; Hee Mang Yoon [Corée du Sud] ; Seong Ho Park [Corée du Sud]Source :
- Korean Journal of Radiology [ 1229-6929 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
To determine the rate with which diagnostic test accuracy studies that are published in a general radiology journal adhere to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) 2015, and to explore the relationship between adherence rate and citation rate while avoiding confounding by journal factors.
All eligible diagnostic test accuracy studies that were published in the Korean Journal of Radiology in 2011–2015 were identified. Five reviewers assessed each article for yes/no compliance with 27 of the 30 STARD 2015 checklist items (items 28, 29, and 30 were excluded). The total STARD score (number of fulfilled STARD items) was calculated. The score of the 15 STARD items that related directly to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 was also calculated. The number of times each article was cited (as indicated by the Web of Science) after publication until March 2016 and the article exposure time (time in months between publication and March 2016) were extracted.
Sixty-three articles were analyzed. The mean (range) total and QUADAS-2-related STARD scores were 20.0 (14.5–25) and 11.4 (7–15), respectively. The mean citation number was 4 (0–21). Citation number did not associate significantly with either STARD score after accounting for exposure time (total score: correlation coefficient = 0.154,
The degree of adherence to STARD 2015 was moderate for this journal, indicating that there is room for improvement. When adjusted for exposure time, the degree of adherence did not affect the citation rate.
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DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.706
PubMed: 27587959
PubMed Central: 5007397
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id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koo, Hyun Jung" sort="Koo, Hyun Jung" uniqKey="Koo H" first="Hyun Jung" last="Koo">Hyun Jung Koo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan 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Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Seong Ho" sort="Park, Seong Ho" uniqKey="Park S" first="Seong Ho" last="Park">Seong Ho Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27587959</idno><idno type="pmc">5007397</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5007397</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5007397</idno><idno type="doi">10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.706</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000395</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000395</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000056</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000473</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Does the Reporting Quality of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies, as Defined by STARD 2015, Affect Citation?</title><author><name sortKey="Choi, Young Jun" sort="Choi, Young Jun" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Jun" last="Choi">Young Jun Choi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chung, Mi Sun" sort="Chung, Mi Sun" uniqKey="Chung M" first="Mi Sun" last="Chung">Mi Sun Chung</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koo, Hyun Jung" sort="Koo, Hyun Jung" uniqKey="Koo H" first="Hyun Jung" last="Koo">Hyun Jung Koo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Ji Eun" sort="Park, Ji Eun" uniqKey="Park J" first="Ji Eun" last="Park">Ji Eun Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yoon, Hee Mang" sort="Yoon, Hee Mang" uniqKey="Yoon H" first="Hee Mang" last="Yoon">Hee Mang Yoon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Park, Seong Ho" sort="Park, Seong Ho" uniqKey="Park S" first="Seong Ho" last="Park">Seong Ho Park</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Corée du Sud</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Korean Journal of Radiology</title><idno type="ISSN">1229-6929</idno><idno type="eISSN">2005-8330</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To determine the rate with which diagnostic test accuracy studies that are published in a general radiology journal adhere to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) 2015, and to explore the relationship between adherence rate and citation rate while avoiding confounding by journal factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>All eligible diagnostic test accuracy studies that were published in the Korean Journal of Radiology in 2011–2015 were identified. Five reviewers assessed each article for yes/no compliance with 27 of the 30 STARD 2015 checklist items (items 28, 29, and 30 were excluded). The total STARD score (number of fulfilled STARD items) was calculated. The score of the 15 STARD items that related directly to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 was also calculated. The number of times each article was cited (as indicated by the Web of Science) after publication until March 2016 and the article exposure time (time in months between publication and March 2016) were extracted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Sixty-three articles were analyzed. The mean (range) total and QUADAS-2-related STARD scores were 20.0 (14.5–25) and 11.4 (7–15), respectively. The mean citation number was 4 (0–21). Citation number did not associate significantly with either STARD score after accounting for exposure time (total score: correlation coefficient = 0.154, <italic>p</italic> = 0.232; QUADAS-2-related score: correlation coefficient = 0.143, <italic>p</italic> = 0.266).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The degree of adherence to STARD 2015 was moderate for this journal, indicating that there is room for improvement. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Korean J Radiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Korean J Radiol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">KJR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Korean Journal of Radiology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1229-6929</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2005-8330</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Korean Society of Radiology</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27587959</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5007397</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3348/kjr.2016.17.5.706</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Experimental and Others</subject><subj-group subj-group-type="subheading"><subject>Original Article</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Does the Reporting Quality of Diagnostic Test Accuracy Studies, as Defined by STARD 2015, Affect Citation?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname><given-names>Young Jun</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chung</surname><given-names>Mi Sun</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koo</surname><given-names>Hyun Jung</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Ji Eun</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yoon</surname><given-names>Hee Mang</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Park</surname><given-names>Seong Ho</given-names></name><degrees>MD</degrees><degrees>PhD</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1">Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea.</aff><author-notes><corresp>Corresponding author: Seong Ho Park, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea. Tel: (822) 3010-5984, Fax: (822) 476-4719, <email>parksh.radiology@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Sep-Oct</season><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>706</fpage><lpage>714</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 The Korean Society of Radiology</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To determine the rate with which diagnostic test accuracy studies that are published in a general radiology journal adhere to the Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (STARD) 2015, and to explore the relationship between adherence rate and citation rate while avoiding confounding by journal factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>All eligible diagnostic test accuracy studies that were published in the Korean Journal of Radiology in 2011–2015 were identified. Five reviewers assessed each article for yes/no compliance with 27 of the 30 STARD 2015 checklist items (items 28, 29, and 30 were excluded). The total STARD score (number of fulfilled STARD items) was calculated. The score of the 15 STARD items that related directly to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS)-2 was also calculated. The number of times each article was cited (as indicated by the Web of Science) after publication until March 2016 and the article exposure time (time in months between publication and March 2016) were extracted.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Sixty-three articles were analyzed. The mean (range) total and QUADAS-2-related STARD scores were 20.0 (14.5–25) and 11.4 (7–15), respectively. The mean citation number was 4 (0–21). Citation number did not associate significantly with either STARD score after accounting for exposure time (total score: correlation coefficient = 0.154, <italic>p</italic> = 0.232; QUADAS-2-related score: correlation coefficient = 0.143, <italic>p</italic> = 0.266).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The degree of adherence to STARD 2015 was moderate for this journal, indicating that there is room for improvement. When adjusted for exposure time, the degree of adherence did not affect the citation rate.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>STARD</kwd><kwd>STARD 2015</kwd><kwd>Citation</kwd><kwd>Reporting quality</kwd><kwd>Accuracy</kwd><kwd>Adherence</kwd><kwd>Impact</kwd><kwd>Impact factor</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="T1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Rate of Adherence to Each STARD 2015 Item</title></caption><alternatives><graphic xlink:href="kjr-17-706-i001"></graphic><table frame="hsides" rules="rows"><col width="51.69%" span="1"></col><col width="14.41%" span="1"></col><col width="16.95%" span="1"></col><col width="16.95%" span="1"></col><thead><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(200,227,231)">Item</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="background-color:rgb(200,227,231)">Adherence to STARD Items</th></tr><tr><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(200,227,231)">All Articles (n = 63)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(200,227,231)">Cohort-Type Accuracy Studies (n = 45)</th><th valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(200,227,231)">Case-Control-Type Accuracy Studies (n = 18)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Title or abstract</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 1. Identification as study of diagnostic accuracy using at least one measure of accuracy (such as sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, or AUC)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">96.8 (61)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">97.8 (44)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">94.4 (17)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abstract</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 2. Structured summary of study design, methods, results, and conclusions (for specific guidance, see STARD for Abstracts)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (63)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (45)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (18)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Introduction</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 3. Scientific and clinical background, including intended use and clinical role of index test<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">98.4 (62)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">97.8 (44)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (18)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4. Study objectives and hypotheses</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.8 (61)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (45)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (16)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">Methods</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5. Whether data collection was planned before index test and reference standard were performed (prospective study) or after (retrospective study)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95.2 (60)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.8 (44)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.9 (16)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 6. Eligibility criteria<sup>* </sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">95.2 (60)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">97.8 (44)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">88.9 (16)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7. On what basis potentially eligible participants were identified (such as symptoms, results from previous tests, inclusion in registry)<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.8 (61)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (45)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.9 (16)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 8. Where and when potentially eligible participants were identified (setting, location, and dates)<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">85.7 (54)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">86.7 (39)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">83.3 (15)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9. Whether participants formed consecutive, random, or convenience series<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.0 (29)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.1 (23)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3 (6)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 10a. Index test, in sufficient detail to allow replication<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">98.4 (62)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">97.8 (44)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (18)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 10b. Reference standard, in sufficient detail to allow replication<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.9 (56)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.7 (39)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97.4 (17)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 11. Rationale for choosing reference standard (if alternatives exist)<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">90.5 (57)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">86.7 (39)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (18)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 12a. Definition of and rationale for test positivity cut-offs or result categories of index test, distinguishing pre-specified from exploratory<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.1 (53)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">86.7 (39)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77.8 (14)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 12b. Definition of and rationale for test positivity cut-offs or result categories of reference standard, distinguishing pre-specified from exploratory<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">98.4 (62)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (45)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">94.4 (17)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 13a. Whether clinical information and reference standard results were available to performers or readers of index test<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.3 (38)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.2 (28)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.6 (10)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 13b. Whether clinical information and index test results were available to assessors of reference standard<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">15.9 (10)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">15.6 (7)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">16.7 (3)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 14. Methods for estimating or comparing measures of diagnostic accuracy</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.0 (63)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (45)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (18)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 15. How indeterminate index test or reference standard results were handled<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">90.5 (57)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">93.3 (42)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">83.3 (15)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 16. How missing data on index test and reference standard were handled<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">98.4 (62)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100 (45)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.4 (17)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 17. Any analyses of variability in diagnostic accuracy, distinguishing pre-specified from exploratory</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">28.6 (18)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">26.7 (12)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">33.3 (6)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 18. Intended sample size and how it was determined</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.6 (1)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.2 (1)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Results</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 19. Flow of participants, using diagram<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">17.5 (11)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">20 (9)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">11.1 (2)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 20. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of participants<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90.5 (57)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.9 (40)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.4 (17)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 21a. Distribution of severity of disease in those with target condition<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">73.0 (46)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">71.1 (32)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">77.8 (14)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 21b. Distribution of alternative diagnoses in those without target condition<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.3 (21)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.6 (16)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.8 (5)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 22. Time interval and any clinical interventions between index test and reference standard<sup>*</sup></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">58.7 (37)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">64.4 (29)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">44.4 (8)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 23. Cross-tabulation of index test results (or their distribution) by results of reference standard</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84.1 (53)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">82.2 (37)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.9 (16)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 24. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy and their precision (such as 95% confidence intervals)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">52.4 (33)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">51.1 (23)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">55.6 (10)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 25. Any adverse events from performing index test or reference standard</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.5 (6)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.1 (5)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.6 (1)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">Discussion</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"></td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 26. Study limitations, including sources of potential bias, statistical uncertainty, and generalizability</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">92.1 (58)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">93.3 (42)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88.9 (16)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)"> 27. Implications for practice, including intended use and clinical role of index test</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">96.8 (61)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">95.6 (43)</td><td valign="middle" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background-color:rgb(215,234,236)">100 (18)</td></tr></tbody></table></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Data are expressed as adherence rates in % and number of papers in parentheses. <sup>*</sup>Items (items 3, 6–13, 15, 16, and 19–22) that relate directly to Revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2). AUC = area under the curve, STARD = Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li></country><settlement><li>Séoul</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Corée du Sud"><noRegion><name sortKey="Choi, Young Jun" sort="Choi, Young Jun" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Young Jun" last="Choi">Young Jun Choi</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chung, Mi Sun" sort="Chung, Mi Sun" uniqKey="Chung M" first="Mi Sun" last="Chung">Mi Sun Chung</name><name sortKey="Koo, Hyun Jung" sort="Koo, Hyun Jung" uniqKey="Koo H" first="Hyun Jung" last="Koo">Hyun Jung Koo</name><name sortKey="Park, Ji Eun" sort="Park, Ji Eun" uniqKey="Park J" first="Ji Eun" last="Park">Ji Eun Park</name><name sortKey="Park, Seong Ho" sort="Park, Seong Ho" uniqKey="Park S" first="Seong Ho" last="Park">Seong Ho Park</name><name sortKey="Yoon, Hee Mang" sort="Yoon, Hee Mang" uniqKey="Yoon H" first="Hee Mang" last="Yoon">Hee Mang Yoon</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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