Blast Wave Exposure to the Extremities Causes Endothelial Activation and Damage
Identifieur interne : 000188 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000187; suivant : 000189Blast Wave Exposure to the Extremities Causes Endothelial Activation and Damage
Auteurs : Abigail M. Spear ; Emma M. Davies [Royaume-Uni] ; Christopher Taylor ; Rachel Whiting ; Sara Macildowie ; Emrys Kirkman ; Mark Midwinter [Royaume-Uni] ; Sarah A. WattsSource :
- Shock (Augusta, Ga.) [ 1073-2322 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Extremity injury is a significant burden to those injured in explosive incidents and local ischaemia can result in poor functionality in salvaged limbs. This study examined whether blast injury to a limb resulted in a change in endothelial phenotype leading to changes to the surrounding tissue.
The hind limbs of terminally anaesthetized rabbits were subjected to one of four blast exposures (high, medium, low, or no blast). Blood samples were analyzed for circulating endothelial cells pre-injury and at 1, 6, and 11 h postinjury as well as analysis for endothelial activation pre-injury and at 1, 6, and 12 h postinjury. Post-mortem tissue (12 h post-injury) was analysed for both protein and mRNA expression and also for histopathology. The high blast group had significantly elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells 6 h postinjury. This group also had significantly elevated tissue mRNA expression of IL-6, E-selectin, TNF-α, HIF-1, thrombomodulin, and PDGF. There was a significant correlation between blast dose and the degree of tissue pathology (hemorrhage, neutrophil infiltrate, and oedema) with the worst scores in the high blast group. This study has demonstrated that blast injury can activate the endothelium and in some cases cause damage that in turn leads to pathological changes in the surrounding tissue. For the casualty injured by an explosion the damaging effects of hemorrhage and shock could be exacerbated by blast injury and vice versa so that even low levels of blast become damaging, all of which could affect tissue functionality and long-term outcomes.
Url:
DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000455
PubMed: 26418548
PubMed Central: 4617286
Affiliations:
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Spear</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Emma M" sort="Davies, Emma M" uniqKey="Davies E" first="Emma M." last="Davies">Emma M. Davies</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Christopher" sort="Taylor, Christopher" uniqKey="Taylor C" first="Christopher" last="Taylor">Christopher Taylor</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Whiting, Rachel" sort="Whiting, Rachel" uniqKey="Whiting R" first="Rachel" last="Whiting">Rachel Whiting</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macildowie, Sara" sort="Macildowie, Sara" uniqKey="Macildowie S" first="Sara" last="Macildowie">Sara Macildowie</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirkman, Emrys" sort="Kirkman, Emrys" uniqKey="Kirkman E" first="Emrys" last="Kirkman">Emrys Kirkman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Midwinter, Mark" sort="Midwinter, Mark" uniqKey="Midwinter M" first="Mark" last="Midwinter">Mark Midwinter</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Birmingham</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Midlands de l'Ouest</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Watts, Sarah A" sort="Watts, Sarah A" uniqKey="Watts S" first="Sarah A." last="Watts">Sarah A. Watts</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Toxicology, Trauma and Medicine Group, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, Porton Down, Wiltshire</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Wiltshire</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Shock (Augusta, Ga.)</title><idno type="ISSN">1073-2322</idno><idno type="eISSN">1540-0514</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>ABSTRACT</title><p>Extremity injury is a significant burden to those injured in explosive incidents and local ischaemia can result in poor functionality in salvaged limbs. This study examined whether blast injury to a limb resulted in a change in endothelial phenotype leading to changes to the surrounding tissue.</p><p>The hind limbs of terminally anaesthetized rabbits were subjected to one of four blast exposures (high, medium, low, or no blast). Blood samples were analyzed for circulating endothelial cells pre-injury and at 1, 6, and 11 h postinjury as well as analysis for endothelial activation pre-injury and at 1, 6, and 12 h postinjury. Post-mortem tissue (12 h post-injury) was analysed for both protein and mRNA expression and also for histopathology. The high blast group had significantly elevated levels of circulating endothelial cells 6 h postinjury. This group also had significantly elevated tissue mRNA expression of IL-6, E-selectin, TNF-α, HIF-1, thrombomodulin, and PDGF. There was a significant correlation between blast dose and the degree of tissue pathology (hemorrhage, neutrophil infiltrate, and oedema) with the worst scores in the high blast group. This study has demonstrated that blast injury can activate the endothelium and in some cases cause damage that in turn leads to pathological changes in the surrounding tissue. For the casualty injured by an explosion the damaging effects of hemorrhage and shock could be exacerbated by blast injury and vice versa so that even low levels of blast become damaging, all of which could affect tissue functionality and long-term outcomes.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Owens, Bd" uniqKey="Owens B">BD Owens</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kragh, Jf" uniqKey="Kragh J">JF Kragh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wenke, Jc" uniqKey="Wenke J">JC Wenke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Macaitis, J" uniqKey="Macaitis J">J Macaitis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wade, Ce" uniqKey="Wade C">CE Wade</name></author><author><name sortKey="Holcomb, Jb" uniqKey="Holcomb J">JB Holcomb</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="White, Jm" uniqKey="White J">JM White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stannard, A" uniqKey="Stannard A">A 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Shimazaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, Y" uniqKey="Yamamoto Y">Y Yamamoto</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saito, H" uniqKey="Saito H">H Saito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maruyama, I" uniqKey="Maruyama I">I Maruyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohno, R" uniqKey="Ohno R">R Ohno</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kearon, C" uniqKey="Kearon C">C Kearon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Comp, P" uniqKey="Comp P">P Comp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Douketis, J" uniqKey="Douketis J">J Douketis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Royds, R" uniqKey="Royds R">R Royds</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamada, K" uniqKey="Yamada K">K Yamada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gent, M" uniqKey="Gent M">M Gent</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lashof Sullivan, Mm" uniqKey="Lashof Sullivan M">MM Lashof-Sullivan</name></author><author><name 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Richmond</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tatic, V" uniqKey="Tatic V">V Tatic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ignjatovic, D" uniqKey="Ignjatovic D">D Ignjatovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jevtic, M" uniqKey="Jevtic M">M Jevtic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonanovic, M" uniqKey="Jonanovic M">M Jonanovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Draskovic, M" uniqKey="Draskovic M">M Draskovic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durdevic, D" uniqKey="Durdevic D">D Durdevic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cripps, Np" uniqKey="Cripps N">NP Cripps</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cooper, Gj" uniqKey="Cooper G">GJ Cooper</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Midlands de l'Ouest</li></region><settlement><li>Birmingham</li></settlement></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Kirkman, Emrys" sort="Kirkman, Emrys" uniqKey="Kirkman E" first="Emrys" last="Kirkman">Emrys Kirkman</name><name sortKey="Macildowie, Sara" sort="Macildowie, Sara" uniqKey="Macildowie S" first="Sara" last="Macildowie">Sara Macildowie</name><name sortKey="Spear, Abigail M" sort="Spear, Abigail M" uniqKey="Spear A" first="Abigail M." last="Spear">Abigail M. Spear</name><name sortKey="Taylor, Christopher" sort="Taylor, Christopher" uniqKey="Taylor C" first="Christopher" last="Taylor">Christopher Taylor</name><name sortKey="Watts, Sarah A" sort="Watts, Sarah A" uniqKey="Watts S" first="Sarah A." last="Watts">Sarah A. Watts</name><name sortKey="Whiting, Rachel" sort="Whiting, Rachel" uniqKey="Whiting R" first="Rachel" last="Whiting">Rachel Whiting</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Davies, Emma M" sort="Davies, Emma M" uniqKey="Davies E" first="Emma M." last="Davies">Emma M. Davies</name></region><name sortKey="Midwinter, Mark" sort="Midwinter, Mark" uniqKey="Midwinter M" first="Mark" last="Midwinter">Mark Midwinter</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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