Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp
Identifieur interne : 000B70 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B69; suivant : 000B71Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp
Auteurs : H. Elenga ; O. Peyron ; R. Bonnefille ; D. Jolly ; R. Cheddadi ; J. Guiot ; V. Andrieu ; S. Bottema ; G. Buchet ; J. De Beaulieu ; A. C. Hamilton ; J. Maley ; R. Marchant ; R. Perez-Obiol ; M. Reille ; G. Riollet ; L. Scott ; H. Straka ; D. Taylor ; E. Van Campo ; A. Vincens ; F. Laarif ; H. JonsonSource :
- Journal of Biogeography [ 0305-0270 ] ; 2000-05.
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Abstract
Pollen data from 18,000 14C yr bp were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown. Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted. Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum. Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today.
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DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x
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Bottema</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biologisch‐Archaeologisch Instituut, Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, Poststraat 6, NL‐9712 ER Groningen, The Netherlands,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchet, G" sort="Buchet, G" uniqKey="Buchet G" first="G." last="Buchet">G. Buchet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Beaulieu, J" sort="De Beaulieu, J" uniqKey="De Beaulieu J" first="J." last="De Beaulieu">J. De Beaulieu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, A C" sort="Hamilton, A C" uniqKey="Hamilton A" first="A. C." last="Hamilton">A. C. Hamilton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>WWF, Panda House, Weyside Park, Cattershall Lane, Godalming GU7 1XR, UK,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maley, J" sort="Maley, J" uniqKey="Maley J" first="J." last="Maley">J. Maley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Paléoenvironnements et Palynologie, USTL, Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marchant, R" sort="Marchant, R" uniqKey="Marchant R" first="R." last="Marchant">R. Marchant</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Biol, R" sort="Perez Biol, R" uniqKey="Perez Biol R" first="R." last="Perez-Obiol">R. Perez-Obiol</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reille, M" sort="Reille, M" uniqKey="Reille M" first="M." last="Reille">M. Reille</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riollet, G" sort="Riollet, G" uniqKey="Riollet G" first="G." last="Riollet">G. Riollet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, L" sort="Scott, L" uniqKey="Scott L" first="L." last="Scott">L. Scott</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Genetics, PO Box 339, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straka, H" sort="Straka, H" uniqKey="Straka H" first="H." last="Straka">H. Straka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forstweg 47, D‐24105 Kiel, Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, D" sort="Taylor, D" uniqKey="Taylor D" first="D." last="Taylor">D. Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Campo, E" sort="Van Campo, E" uniqKey="Van Campo E" first="E." last="Van Campo">E. Van Campo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, CNRS‐UPS, 13 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4403, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincens, A" sort="Vincens, A" uniqKey="Vincens A" first="A." last="Vincens">A. Vincens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laarif, F" sort="Laarif, F" uniqKey="Laarif F" first="F." last="Laarif">F. Laarif</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonson, H" sort="Jonson, H" uniqKey="Jonson H" first="H." last="Jonson">H. Jonson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000B70</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000B70</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp</title><author><name sortKey="Elenga, H" sort="Elenga, H" uniqKey="Elenga H" first="H." last="Elenga">H. Elenga</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>African Pollen Database, CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peyron, O" sort="Peyron, O" uniqKey="Peyron O" first="O." last="Peyron">O. Peyron</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bonnefille, R" sort="Bonnefille, R" uniqKey="Bonnefille R" first="R." last="Bonnefille">R. Bonnefille</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institut Français de Pondichéry, BP 33, 11 rue St Louis, 605001 Pondicherry, India,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jolly, D" sort="Jolly, D" uniqKey="Jolly D" first="D." last="Jolly">D. Jolly</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 100164, D‐07701 Jena, Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>School of Ecology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheddadi, R" sort="Cheddadi, R" uniqKey="Cheddadi R" first="R." last="Cheddadi">R. Cheddadi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>European Pollen Database, Place de la République, 13200 Arles, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guiot, J" sort="Guiot, J" uniqKey="Guiot J" first="J." last="Guiot">J. Guiot</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andrieu, V" sort="Andrieu, V" uniqKey="Andrieu V" first="V." last="Andrieu">V. Andrieu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bottema, S" sort="Bottema, S" uniqKey="Bottema S" first="S." last="Bottema">S. Bottema</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Biologisch‐Archaeologisch Instituut, Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, Poststraat 6, NL‐9712 ER Groningen, The Netherlands,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buchet, G" sort="Buchet, G" uniqKey="Buchet G" first="G." last="Buchet">G. Buchet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Beaulieu, J" sort="De Beaulieu, J" uniqKey="De Beaulieu J" first="J." last="De Beaulieu">J. De Beaulieu</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hamilton, A C" sort="Hamilton, A C" uniqKey="Hamilton A" first="A. C." last="Hamilton">A. C. Hamilton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>WWF, Panda House, Weyside Park, Cattershall Lane, Godalming GU7 1XR, UK,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Maley, J" sort="Maley, J" uniqKey="Maley J" first="J." last="Maley">J. Maley</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Paléoenvironnements et Palynologie, USTL, Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marchant, R" sort="Marchant, R" uniqKey="Marchant R" first="R." last="Marchant">R. Marchant</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perez Biol, R" sort="Perez Biol, R" uniqKey="Perez Biol R" first="R." last="Perez-Obiol">R. Perez-Obiol</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reille, M" sort="Reille, M" uniqKey="Reille M" first="M." last="Reille">M. Reille</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riollet, G" sort="Riollet, G" uniqKey="Riollet G" first="G." last="Riollet">G. Riollet</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, L" sort="Scott, L" uniqKey="Scott L" first="L." last="Scott">L. Scott</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Botany and Genetics, PO Box 339, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Straka, H" sort="Straka, H" uniqKey="Straka H" first="H." last="Straka">H. Straka</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Forstweg 47, D‐24105 Kiel, Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, D" sort="Taylor, D" uniqKey="Taylor D" first="D." last="Taylor">D. Taylor</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Campo, E" sort="Van Campo, E" uniqKey="Van Campo E" first="E." last="Van Campo">E. Van Campo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, CNRS‐UPS, 13 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4403, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vincens, A" sort="Vincens, A" uniqKey="Vincens A" first="A." last="Vincens">A. Vincens</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Laarif, F" sort="Laarif, F" uniqKey="Laarif F" first="F." last="Laarif">F. Laarif</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jonson, H" sort="Jonson, H" uniqKey="Jonson H" first="H." last="Jonson">H. Jonson</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Biogeography</title><idno type="ISSN">0305-0270</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2699</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2000-05">2000-05</date><biblScope unit="volume">27</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="621">621</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="634">634</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0305-0270</idno></series><idno type="istex">D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JBI430</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0305-0270</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term><term>Europe</term><term>Pollen data</term><term>biomes</term><term>last glacial maximum</term><term>plant functional types</term><term>vegetation changes</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Pollen data from 18,000 14C yr bp were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown. Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted. Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum. Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>H. Elenga</name><affiliations><json:string>African Pollen Database, CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string><json:string>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string><json:string>E-mail: jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>O. Peyron</name><affiliations><json:string>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string><json:string>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Bonnefille</name><affiliations><json:string>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string><json:string>Institut Français de Pondichéry, BP 33, 11 rue St Louis, 605001 Pondicherry, India,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Jolly</name><affiliations><json:string>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 100164, D‐07701 Jena, Germany,</json:string><json:string>School of Ecology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden,</json:string><json:string>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</json:string><json:string>E-mail: jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Cheddadi</name><affiliations><json:string>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</json:string><json:string>European Pollen Database, Place de la République, 13200 Arles, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Guiot</name><affiliations><json:string>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>V. Andrieu</name><affiliations><json:string>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>S. Bottema</name><affiliations><json:string>Biologisch‐Archaeologisch Instituut, Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, Poststraat 6, NL‐9712 ER Groningen, The Netherlands,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Buchet</name><affiliations><json:string>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.‐L. De Beaulieu</name><affiliations><json:string>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. C. Hamilton</name><affiliations><json:string>WWF, Panda House, Weyside Park, Cattershall Lane, Godalming GU7 1XR, UK,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. Maley</name><affiliations><json:string>Paléoenvironnements et Palynologie, USTL, Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Marchant</name><affiliations><json:string>University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>R. Perez‐Obiol</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Botany, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. Reille</name><affiliations><json:string>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G. Riollet</name><affiliations><json:string>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>L. Scott</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Botany and Genetics, PO Box 339, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Straka</name><affiliations><json:string>Forstweg 47, D‐24105 Kiel, Germany,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D. Taylor</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>E. Van Campo</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, CNRS‐UPS, 13 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4403, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A. Vincens</name><affiliations><json:string>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>F. Laarif</name><affiliations><json:string>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>H. Jonson</name><affiliations><json:string>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Pollen data</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>plant functional types</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>biomes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>vegetation changes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Europe</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Africa</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>last glacial maximum</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JBI430</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>miscellaneous</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Pollen data from 18,000 14C yr bp were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown. Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted. Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum. Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.86</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>596 x 782 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>false</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1079</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8791</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>59516</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>14</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>155</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp</title><refBibs><json:item><host><author><json:item><name>Acanthaceae Acacia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Achyranthes Aspera</name></json:item><json:item><name> Alchemilla</name></json:item><json:item><name> Amaranthaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthrocaryon Klaineana</name></json:item><json:item><name> Artemisia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Centaurea Perrottetii</name></json:item><json:item><name> Chenopodiaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Geraniaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Gunnera</name></json:item><json:item><name> Indigofera</name></json:item><json:item><name> Liguliflorae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Ranunculaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Teclea</name></json:item><json:item><name> Tiliaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name>Umbelliferae Tubuliflorae</name></json:item></author><title>Vernonieae Te1 wet-tropical evergreen tree Aeschynomene baumii Urticaceae Te2 dry-tropical evergreen tree Aeschynomene baumii</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><author><json:item><name>Allophyllus Acalypha</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthocleista</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthostema Senegalensis</name></json:item><json:item><name> Baikaeia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Blighia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Bridelia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Canthium</name></json:item><json:item><name> Celastraceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Celtis</name></json:item><json:item><name> Chaectacme</name></json:item><json:item><name> Chlorophora</name></json:item><json:item><name> Cleistanthus</name></json:item><json:item><name>/ Combretaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Melastomataceae</name></json:item></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><author><json:item><name> Acacia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Acalypha</name></json:item><json:item><name> Acanthaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Achyranthes Aspera</name></json:item><json:item><name> Allophylus</name></json:item><json:item><name> Amaranthaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthospermum</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthostema Senegalensis</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthrocaryon Klaineana</name></json:item><json:item><name> Baikaeia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Brachystegia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Bridelia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Campanulaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name>Cardiospermum Canthium</name></json:item><json:item><name> Halicacabum</name></json:item></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><author><json:item><name> Acacia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Acalypha</name></json:item><json:item><name> Acanthaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Achyranthes Aspera</name></json:item><json:item><name> Ajuga</name></json:item><json:item><name> Allophylus</name></json:item><json:item><name> Amaranthaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name>Anthrocaryon Anthospermum</name></json:item><json:item><name> Klaineana</name></json:item></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><author><json:item><name>Acanthaceae Acacia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Alchemilla</name></json:item><json:item><name>Anthrocaryon Anthospermum</name></json:item><json:item><name> Klaineana</name></json:item></author></host></json:item><json:item><host><author><json:item><name>Acanthaceae Acacia</name></json:item><json:item><name> Achyranthes Aspera</name></json:item><json:item><name> Amaranthaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Anthrocaryon Klaineana</name></json:item><json:item><name> Campanulaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name>/ Combretaceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Melastomataceae</name></json:item><json:item><name> Indigofera</name></json:item><json:item><name>Tubuliflorae Tiliaceae</name></json:item></author><title>Umbelliferae wte warm-temperate evergreen tree Acalypha</title></host></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>J,L Beaulieu</name></json:item><json:item><name>M Reille</name></json:item></author><host><volume>11</volume><pages><last>438</last><first>431</first></pages><author></author><title>Quaternary Science Reviews</title><publicationDate>1992</publicationDate></host><title>The last climatic cycle at La Grande Pile, Vosges, France. 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Current issues in climate research</title><publicationDate>1986</publicationDate></json:item><json:item><author><json:item><name>T,A Wijmstra</name></json:item></author><host><volume>18</volume><pages><last>527</last><first>511</first></pages><author></author><title>Acta Botanica Neerlandica</title><publicationDate>1969</publicationDate></host><title>Palynology of the first 30 metres of a 120 m deep section in Northern Greece the sites will be in the public domain in early</title><publicationDate>1969</publicationDate></json:item></refBibs><genre><json:string>other</json:string></genre><host><volume>27</volume><publisherId><json:string>JBI</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>14</total><last>634</last><first>621</first></pages><issn><json:string>0305-0270</json:string></issn><issue>3</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1365-2699</json:string></eissn><title>Journal of 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sciences</json:string><json:string>biology</json:string><json:string>ecology</json:string></scienceMetrix></categories><publicationDate>2000</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2000</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x</json:string></doi><id>D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp</title><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt><respStmt><resp>Références bibliographiques récupérées via GROBID</resp><name resp="ISTEX-API">ISTEX-API (INIST-CNRS)</name></respStmt></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2000</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Elenga</surname></persName><email>jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</email><affiliation>African Pollen Database, CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">O.</forename><surname>Peyron</surname></persName><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Bonnefille</surname></persName><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>Institut Français de Pondichéry, BP 33, 11 rue St Louis, 605001 Pondicherry, India,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Jolly</surname></persName><email>jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</email><affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 100164, D‐07701 Jena, Germany,</affiliation><affiliation>School of Ecology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation><affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Cheddadi</surname></persName><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><affiliation>European Pollen Database, Place de la République, 13200 Arles, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Guiot</surname></persName><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">V.</forename><surname>Andrieu</surname></persName><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-8"><persName><forename type="first">S.</forename><surname>Bottema</surname></persName><affiliation>Biologisch‐Archaeologisch Instituut, Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, Poststraat 6, NL‐9712 ER Groningen, The Netherlands,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-9"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Buchet</surname></persName><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-10"><persName><forename type="first">J.‐L.</forename><surname>De Beaulieu</surname></persName><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-11"><persName><forename type="first">A. C.</forename><surname>Hamilton</surname></persName><affiliation>WWF, Panda House, Weyside Park, Cattershall Lane, Godalming GU7 1XR, UK,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-12"><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>Maley</surname></persName><affiliation>Paléoenvironnements et Palynologie, USTL, Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-13"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Marchant</surname></persName><affiliation>University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-14"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Perez‐Obiol</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-15"><persName><forename type="first">M.</forename><surname>Reille</surname></persName><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-16"><persName><forename type="first">G.</forename><surname>Riollet</surname></persName><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-17"><persName><forename type="first">L.</forename><surname>Scott</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Botany and Genetics, PO Box 339, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-18"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Straka</surname></persName><affiliation>Forstweg 47, D‐24105 Kiel, Germany,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-19"><persName><forename type="first">D.</forename><surname>Taylor</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-20"><persName><forename type="first">E.</forename><surname>Van Campo</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, CNRS‐UPS, 13 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4403, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-21"><persName><forename type="first">A.</forename><surname>Vincens</surname></persName><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-22"><persName><forename type="first">F.</forename><surname>Laarif</surname></persName><affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-23"><persName><forename type="first">H.</forename><surname>Jonson</surname></persName><affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Biogeography</title><idno type="pISSN">0305-0270</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-2699</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2699</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2000-05"></date><biblScope unit="volume">27</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="621">621</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="634">634</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JBI430</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pollen data from 18,000 14C yr bp were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown. Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted. Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum. Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>Pollen data</term></item><item><term>plant functional types</term></item><item><term>biomes</term></item><item><term>vegetation changes</term></item><item><term>Europe</term></item><item><term>Africa</term></item><item><term>last glacial maximum</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000-05">Published</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2016-12-14">References added</change><change xml:id="refBibs-istex" who="#ISTEX-API" when="2017-02-9">References added</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2699</doi><issn type="print">0305-0270</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-2699</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JBI"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY">Journal of Biogeography</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="05003"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/jbi.2000.27.issue-3</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="27">27</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="3">3</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2000-05">May 2000</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="miscellaneous" position="0062100" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JBI430"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="14"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">BIOME 6000: 18,000, 6000, and 0 <sup>14</sup>C yr <sc>BP</sc></title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2001-12-24"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2001-12-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:Header result:Header" date="2010-03-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-19"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-23"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="621">621</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="634">634</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo> *Correspondence: Dr D. Jolly, Département Paléoenvironnements & Palynologie, ISEM, Case 61, Université Montpellier II, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France. E‐mail: <email normalForm="jolly@isem.univ-montp2.fr">jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JBI.JBI430.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="7"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="132"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="3862"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="2"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="3"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr <sc>bp</sc></title><title type="shortAuthors">H. 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Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a12"><unparsedAffiliation>University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a13" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Botany, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a14" countryCode="ZA"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Botany and Genetics, PO Box 339, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a15" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation>Forstweg 47, D‐24105 Kiel, Germany,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a16" countryCode="SG"><unparsedAffiliation>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a17" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, CNRS‐UPS, 13 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4403, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4, France</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">Pollen data</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">plant functional types</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">biomes</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">vegetation changes</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">Europe</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">Africa</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">last glacial maximum</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Pollen data from 18,000 <sup>14</sup>C yr <sc>bp</sc> were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown.</p><p>Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted.</p><p>Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum.</p><p>Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Biome reconstructions for southern Europe and Africa</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Pollen‐based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 yr bp</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Elenga</namePart><affiliation>African Pollen Database, CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Peyron</namePart><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonnefille</namePart><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><affiliation>Institut Français de Pondichéry, BP 33, 11 rue St Louis, 605001 Pondicherry, India,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jolly</namePart><affiliation>Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 100164, D‐07701 Jena, Germany,</affiliation><affiliation>School of Ecology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, S‐223 62 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation><affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: jolly@isem.univ‐montp2.fr</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheddadi</namePart><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><affiliation>European Pollen Database, Place de la République, 13200 Arles, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Guiot</namePart><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Andrieu</namePart><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bottema</namePart><affiliation>Biologisch‐Archaeologisch Instituut, Rijkuniversiteit Groningen, Poststraat 6, NL‐9712 ER Groningen, The Netherlands,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Buchet</namePart><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.‐L.</namePart><namePart type="family">De Beaulieu</namePart><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hamilton</namePart><affiliation>WWF, Panda House, Weyside Park, Cattershall Lane, Godalming GU7 1XR, UK,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maley</namePart><affiliation>Paléoenvironnements et Palynologie, USTL, Pl. E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Marchant</namePart><affiliation>University of Hull, School of Geography and Earth Resources, Hull HU6 7RX, UK,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Perez‐Obiol</namePart><affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Reille</namePart><affiliation>IMEP CNRS, Case 451, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Riollet</namePart><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Scott</namePart><affiliation>Department of Botany and Genetics, PO Box 339, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Straka</namePart><affiliation>Forstweg 47, D‐24105 Kiel, Germany,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Taylor</namePart><affiliation>Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Campo</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, CNRS‐UPS, 13 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 4403, 31405 Toulouse Cedex 4, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vincens</namePart><affiliation>CEREGE, BP 80, 13545 Aix‐en‐Provence Cedex 04, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Laarif</namePart><affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jonson</namePart><affiliation>Dynamic Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S‐221 00 Lund, Sweden,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="other" displayLabel="miscellaneous"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000-05</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">7</extent><extent unit="references">132</extent><extent unit="words">3862</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Pollen data from 18,000 14C yr bp were compiled in order to reconstruct biome distributions at the last glacial maximum in southern Europe and Africa. Biome reconstructions were made using the objective biomization method applied to pollen counts using a complete list of dryland taxa wherever possible. Consistent and major differences from present‐day biomes are shown. Forest and xerophytic woods/scrub were replaced by steppe, both in the Mediterranean region and in southern Africa, except in south‐western Cape Province where fynbos (xerophytic scrub) persisted. Sites in the tropical highlands, characterized today by evergreen forest, were dominated by steppe and/or xerophytic vegetation (cf. today’s Ericaceous belt and Afroalpine grassland) at the last glacial maximum. Available data from the tropical lowlands are sparse but suggest that the modern tropical rain forest was largely replaced by tropical seasonal forest while the modern seasonal or dry forests were encroached on by savanna or steppe. Montane forest elements descended to lower elevations than today.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>Pollen data</topic><topic>plant functional types</topic><topic>biomes</topic><topic>vegetation changes</topic><topic>Europe</topic><topic>Africa</topic><topic>last glacial maximum</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Biogeography</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0305-0270</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-2699</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2699</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JBI</identifier><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>3</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>621</start><end>634</end><total>14</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">D536AAA58FA621C362DCC6C5E278EC116EF0AF7E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00430.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JBI430</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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