Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers
Identifieur interne : 000866 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000865; suivant : 000867Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers
Auteurs : Els Coart ; Xavier Vekemans ; Marinus J. M. Smulders ; Iris Wagner ; Johan Van Huylenbroeck ; Erik Van Bockstaele ; Isabel Roldán-RuizSource :
- Molecular Ecology [ 0962-1083 ] ; 2003-04.
English descriptors
Abstract
The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.
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DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</div>
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<author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Els</forename>
<surname>Coart</surname>
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<email>E.coart@clo.fgov.be</email>
<affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Xavier</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Marinus J. M.</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Johan</forename>
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<affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation>
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<author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Erik</forename>
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<affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation>
<affiliation>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</affiliation>
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<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</p>
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<correspondenceTo>Els Coart. Fax: + 32 9272 29 01; E‐mail: <email>E.coart@clo.fgov.be</email>
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<contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 5 July 2002; revision received 15 November 2002; accepted 9 December 2002</unparsedEditorialHistory>
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<titleGroup><title type="main">Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (<i>Malus sylvestris</i>
(L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title>
<title type="shortAuthors">E. COART <i>ET AL.</i>
</title>
<title type="short">CONSERVATION OF WILD APPLE</title>
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<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Xavier</givenNames>
<familyName>Vekemans</familyName>
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<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Marinus J. M.</givenNames>
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<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Iris</givenNames>
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<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames> Johan</givenNames>
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<creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1 #a5"><personName><givenNames>Erik</givenNames>
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<affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation><i>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium, </i>
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<affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation><i>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France, </i>
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<affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="NL"><unparsedAffiliation>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</unparsedAffiliation>
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<affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation><i>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany, </i>
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<affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation><i>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</i>
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<keyword xml:id="k2">conservation</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k3">genetic diversity</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k4">hybridization</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k5"><i>Malus sylvestris</i>
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<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<p>The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (<i>Malus sylvestris</i>
) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild <i>Malus sylvestris</i>
genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as <i>M. sylvestris</i>
were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</p>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marinus J. M.</namePart>
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<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Isabel</namePart>
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<edition>Received 5 July 2002; revision received 15 November 2002; accepted 9 December 2002</edition>
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<abstract lang="en">The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</abstract>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>AFLP</topic>
<topic>conservation</topic>
<topic>genetic diversity</topic>
<topic>hybridization</topic>
<topic>Malus sylvestris</topic>
<topic>microsatellites</topic>
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<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Ecology</title>
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<genre type="journal">journal</genre>
<identifier type="ISSN">0962-1083</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1365-294X</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">MEC</identifier>
<part><date>2003</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>12</number>
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