Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers
Identifieur interne : 000866 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000865; suivant : 000867Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers
Auteurs : Els Coart ; Xavier Vekemans ; Marinus J. M. Smulders ; Iris Wagner ; Johan Van Huylenbroeck ; Erik Van Bockstaele ; Isabel Roldán-RuizSource :
- Molecular Ecology [ 0962-1083 ] ; 2003-04.
English descriptors
Abstract
The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.
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DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x
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ISTEX:4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2Le document en format XML
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Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title><author><name sortKey="Coart, Els" sort="Coart, Els" uniqKey="Coart E" first="Els" last="Coart">Els Coart</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: E.coart@clo.fgov.be</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vekemans, Xavier" sort="Vekemans, Xavier" uniqKey="Vekemans X" first="Xavier" last="Vekemans">Xavier Vekemans</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smulders, Marinus J M" sort="Smulders, Marinus J M" uniqKey="Smulders M" first="Marinus J. M." last="Smulders">Marinus J. M. Smulders</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Iris" sort="Wagner, Iris" uniqKey="Wagner I" first="Iris" last="Wagner">Iris Wagner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Huylenbroeck, Johan" sort="Van Huylenbroeck, Johan" uniqKey="Van Huylenbroeck J" first="Johan" last="Van Huylenbroeck">Johan Van Huylenbroeck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bockstaele, Erik" sort="Van Bockstaele, Erik" uniqKey="Van Bockstaele E" first="Erik" last="Van Bockstaele">Erik Van Bockstaele</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roldan Uiz, Isabel" sort="Roldan Uiz, Isabel" uniqKey="Roldan Uiz I" first="Isabel" last="Roldán-Ruiz">Isabel Roldán-Ruiz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2</idno><date when="2003" year="2003">2003</date><idno type="doi">10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000866</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">000866</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title><author><name sortKey="Coart, Els" sort="Coart, Els" uniqKey="Coart E" first="Els" last="Coart">Els Coart</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: E.coart@clo.fgov.be</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vekemans, Xavier" sort="Vekemans, Xavier" uniqKey="Vekemans X" first="Xavier" last="Vekemans">Xavier Vekemans</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smulders, Marinus J M" sort="Smulders, Marinus J M" uniqKey="Smulders M" first="Marinus J. M." last="Smulders">Marinus J. M. Smulders</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Iris" sort="Wagner, Iris" uniqKey="Wagner I" first="Iris" last="Wagner">Iris Wagner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Huylenbroeck, Johan" sort="Van Huylenbroeck, Johan" uniqKey="Van Huylenbroeck J" first="Johan" last="Van Huylenbroeck">Johan Van Huylenbroeck</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Bockstaele, Erik" sort="Van Bockstaele, Erik" uniqKey="Van Bockstaele E" first="Erik" last="Van Bockstaele">Erik Van Bockstaele</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roldan Uiz, Isabel" sort="Roldan Uiz, Isabel" uniqKey="Roldan Uiz I" first="Isabel" last="Roldán-Ruiz">Isabel Roldán-Ruiz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2003-04">2003-04</date><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="845">845</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="857">857</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></series><idno type="istex">4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC1778</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0962-1083</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AFLP</term><term>Malus sylvestris</term><term>conservation</term><term>genetic diversity</term><term>hybridization</term><term>microsatellites</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Els Coart</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</json:string><json:string>E-mail: E.coart@clo.fgov.be</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Xavier Vekemans</name><affiliations><json:string>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Marinus J. M. Smulders</name><affiliations><json:string>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Iris Wagner</name><affiliations><json:string>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Johan Van Huylenbroeck</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Erik Van Bockstaele</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</json:string><json:string>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Isabel Roldán‐Ruiz</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AFLP</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>conservation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>genetic diversity</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>hybridization</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Malus sylvestris</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>microsatellites</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>MEC1778</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.104</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 782 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>1542</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8363</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>52540</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>217</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) 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Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Els</forename><surname>Coart</surname></persName><email>E.coart@clo.fgov.be</email><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Xavier</forename><surname>Vekemans</surname></persName><affiliation>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Marinus J. M.</forename><surname>Smulders</surname></persName><affiliation>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Iris</forename><surname>Wagner</surname></persName><affiliation>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Johan</forename><surname>Van Huylenbroeck</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Erik</forename><surname>Van Bockstaele</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation><affiliation>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Isabel</forename><surname>Roldán‐Ruiz</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Molecular Ecology</title><idno type="pISSN">0962-1083</idno><idno type="eISSN">1365-294X</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2003-04"></date><biblScope unit="volume">12</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="845">845</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="857">857</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MEC1778</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2003</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>AFLP</term></item><item><term>conservation</term></item><item><term>genetic diversity</term></item><item><term>hybridization</term></item><item><term>Malus sylvestris</term></item><item><term>microsatellites</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2003-04">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</doi><issn type="print">0962-1083</issn><issn type="electronic">1365-294X</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MEC"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="MOLECULAR ECOLOGY">Molecular Ecology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="04004"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/mec.2003.12.issue-4</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="12">12</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="4">4</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2003-04">April 2003</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="0084500" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MEC1778"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Population and Conservation Genetics</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2003-03-28"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2003-03-28"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.5 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-04-09"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:4.0.1" date="2014-03-20"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-01"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="845">845</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="857">857</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Els Coart. Fax: + 32 9272 29 01; E‐mail: <email>E.coart@clo.fgov.be</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MEC.MEC1778.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 5 July 2002; revision received 15 November 2002; accepted 9 December 2002</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="2"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="6"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="51"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="7479"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (<i>Malus sylvestris</i> (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title><title type="shortAuthors">E. COART <i>ET AL.</i></title><title type="short">CONSERVATION OF WILD APPLE</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>Els</givenNames><familyName>Coart</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Xavier</givenNames><familyName>Vekemans</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Marinus J. M.</givenNames><familyName>Smulders</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Iris</givenNames><familyName>Wagner</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames> Johan</givenNames><familyName>Van Huylenbroeck</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1 #a5"><personName><givenNames>Erik</givenNames><familyName>Van Bockstaele</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr7" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Isabel</givenNames><familyName>Roldán‐Ruiz</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation><i>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium, </i></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="FR"><unparsedAffiliation><i>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France, </i></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="NL"><unparsedAffiliation>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="DE"><unparsedAffiliation><i>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany, </i></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="BE"><unparsedAffiliation><i>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</i></unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">AFLP</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">conservation</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">genetic diversity</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">hybridization</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5"><i>Malus sylvestris</i></keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">microsatellites </keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (<i>Malus sylvestris</i>) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild <i>Malus sylvestris</i> genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as <i>M. sylvestris</i> were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>CONSERVATION OF WILD APPLE</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Els</namePart><namePart type="family">Coart</namePart><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: E.coart@clo.fgov.be</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Xavier</namePart><namePart type="family">Vekemans</namePart><affiliation>Université de Lille 1, Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Bâtiment SN2, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Marinus J. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Smulders</namePart><affiliation>Plant Research International, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Iris</namePart><namePart type="family">Wagner</namePart><affiliation>Pro Arbore Research Institute, Gustav‐Adolf‐Strasse 3, 01219 Dresden Germany,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Johan</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Huylenbroeck</namePart><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Erik</namePart><namePart type="family">Van Bockstaele</namePart><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation><affiliation>University of Ghent, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent Belgium</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Isabel</namePart><namePart type="family">Roldán‐Ruiz</namePart><affiliation>Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural Research Centre, Caritasstraat 21, 9090 Melle Belgium,</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2003-04</dateIssued><edition>Received 5 July 2002; revision received 15 November 2002; accepted 9 December 2002</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2003</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">2</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent><extent unit="references">51</extent><extent unit="words">7479</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The genetic variation within and between wild apple samples (Malus sylvestris) and cultivated apple trees was investigated with amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and microsatellite markers to develop a conservation genetics programme for the endangered wild apple in Belgium. In total, 76 putative wild apples (originating from Belgium and Germany), six presumed hybrids and 39 cultivars were typed at 12 simple sequence repeats (SSR) and 139 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci. Principal co‐ordinate analysis and a model‐based clustering method classified the apples into three major gene pools: wild Malus sylvestris genotypes, edible cultivars and ornamental cultivars. All presumed hybrids and two individuals (one Belgian, one German) sampled as M. sylvestris were assigned completely to the edible cultivar gene pool, revealing that cultivated genotypes are present in the wild. However, gene flow between wild and cultivated gene pools is shown to be almost absent, with only three genotypes that showed evidence of admixture between the wild and edible cultivar gene pools. Wild apples sampled in Belgium and Germany constitute gene pools that are clearly differentiated from cultivars and although some geographical pattern of genetic differentiation among wild apple populations exists, most variation is concentrated within samples. Concordant conclusions were obtained from AFLP and SSR markers, which showed highly significant correlations in both among‐genotypes and among‐samples genetic distances.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>AFLP</topic><topic>conservation</topic><topic>genetic diversity</topic><topic>hybridization</topic><topic>Malus sylvestris</topic><topic>microsatellites</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Ecology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0962-1083</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1365-294X</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">MEC</identifier><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>845</start><end>857</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">4679412A759D1262D9E2269AC1B66734AD9AF5A2</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01778.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">MEC1778</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Ltd</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Genetic variation in the endangered wild apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) in Belgium as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism and microsatellite markers
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