Meaning in life in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a representative survey with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)
Identifieur interne : 000143 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000142; suivant : 000144Meaning in life in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a representative survey with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)
Auteurs : Martin J. Fegg [Allemagne] ; Mechtild Kramer [Allemagne] ; Claudia Bausewein [Allemagne] ; Gian D. Borasio [Allemagne]Source :
- Health and Quality of Life Outcomes [ 1477-7525 ] ; 2007.
Abstract
The construct "meaning-in-life" (MiL) has recently raised the interest of clinicians working in psycho-oncology and end-of-life care and has become a topic of scientific investigation. Difficulties regarding the measurement of MiL are related to the various theoretical and conceptual approaches and its inter-individual variability. Therefore the "Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation" (SMiLE), an individualized instrument for the assessment of MiL, was developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate MiL in a representative sample of the German population.
In the SMiLE, the respondents first indicate a minimum of three and maximum of seven areas which provide meaning to their life before rating their current level of importance and satisfaction of each area. Indices of total weighting (IoW, range 20–100), total satisfaction (IoS, range 0–100), and total weighted satisfaction (IoWS, range 0–100) are calculated.
In July 2005, 1,004 Germans were randomly selected and interviewed (inclusion rate, 85.3%). 3,521 areas of MiL were listed and assigned to 13 a-posteriori categories. The mean IoS was 81.9 ± 15.1, the mean IoW was 84.6 ± 11.9, and the mean IoWS was 82.9 ± 14.8. In youth (16–19 y/o), "friends" were most important for MiL, in young adulthood (20–29 y/o) "partnership", in middle adulthood (30–39 y/o) "work", during retirement (60–69 y/o) "health" and "altruism", and in advanced age (70 y/o and more) "spirituality/religion" and "nature experience/animals".
This study is a first nationwide survey on individual MiL in a randomly selected, representative sample. The MiL areas of the age stages seem to correspond with Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
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DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-59
PubMed: 18034898
PubMed Central: 2206010
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Fegg</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, Mechtild" sort="Kramer, Mechtild" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="Mechtild" last="Kramer">Mechtild Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bausewein, Claudia" sort="Bausewein, Claudia" uniqKey="Bausewein C" first="Claudia" last="Bausewein">Claudia Bausewein</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borasio, Gian D" sort="Borasio, Gian D" uniqKey="Borasio G" first="Gian D" last="Borasio">Gian D. 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Fegg</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kramer, Mechtild" sort="Kramer, Mechtild" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="Mechtild" last="Kramer">Mechtild Kramer</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bausewein, Claudia" sort="Bausewein, Claudia" uniqKey="Bausewein C" first="Claudia" last="Bausewein">Claudia Bausewein</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Borasio, Gian D" sort="Borasio, Gian D" uniqKey="Borasio G" first="Gian D" last="Borasio">Gian D. Borasio</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="I1">Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Bavière</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Haute-Bavière</region><settlement type="city">Munich</settlement></placeName><orgName type="university">Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Health and Quality of Life Outcomes</title><idno type="eISSN">1477-7525</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>The construct "meaning-in-life" (MiL) has recently raised the interest of clinicians working in psycho-oncology and end-of-life care and has become a topic of scientific investigation. Difficulties regarding the measurement of MiL are related to the various theoretical and conceptual approaches and its inter-individual variability. Therefore the "Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation" (SMiLE), an individualized instrument for the assessment of MiL, was developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate MiL in a representative sample of the German population.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>In the SMiLE, the respondents first indicate a minimum of three and maximum of seven areas which provide meaning to their life before rating their current level of importance and satisfaction of each area. Indices of total weighting (IoW, range 20–100), total satisfaction (IoS, range 0–100), and total weighted satisfaction (IoWS, range 0–100) are calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In July 2005, 1,004 Germans were randomly selected and interviewed (inclusion rate, 85.3%). 3,521 areas of MiL were listed and assigned to 13 a-posteriori categories. The mean IoS was 81.9 ± 15.1, the mean IoW was 84.6 ± 11.9, and the mean IoWS was 82.9 ± 14.8. In youth (16–19 y/o), "friends" were most important for MiL, in young adulthood (20–29 y/o) "partnership", in middle adulthood (30–39 y/o) "work", during retirement (60–69 y/o) "health" and "altruism", and in advanced age (70 y/o and more) "spirituality/religion" and "nature experience/animals".</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study is a first nationwide survey on individual MiL in a randomly selected, representative sample. The MiL areas of the age stages seem to correspond with Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Health Qual Life Outcomes</journal-id><journal-title>Health and Quality of Life Outcomes</journal-title><issn pub-type="epub">1477-7525</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18034898</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2206010</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1477-7525-5-59</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1477-7525-5-59</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Meaning in life in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a representative survey with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib id="A1" corresp="yes" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fegg</surname><given-names>Martin J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>martin@fegg.de</email></contrib><contrib id="A2" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kramer</surname><given-names>Mechtild</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>mechtild.kramer@gmx.de</email></contrib><contrib id="A3" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bausewein</surname><given-names>Claudia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>claudia.bausewein@med.uni-muenchen.de</email></contrib><contrib id="A4" contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borasio</surname><given-names>Gian D</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>borasio@med.uni-muenchen.de</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Interdisciplinary Center for Palliative Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81371 Munich, Germany</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2007</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2007</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><fpage>59</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hqlo.com/content/5/1/59"></ext-link><history><date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>8</month><year>2007</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>11</month><year>2007</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2007 Fegg et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2007</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Fegg et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"></ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p><pmc-comment>
Fegg
J
Martin
martin@fegg.de
Meaning in life in the Federal Republic of Germany: results of a representative survey with the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation (SMiLE)
2007 Health and Quality of Life Outcomes 5(1): 59-. (2007) 1477-7525(2007)5:1<59> urn:ISSN:1477-7525
</license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>The construct "meaning-in-life" (MiL) has recently raised the interest of clinicians working in psycho-oncology and end-of-life care and has become a topic of scientific investigation. Difficulties regarding the measurement of MiL are related to the various theoretical and conceptual approaches and its inter-individual variability. Therefore the "Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation" (SMiLE), an individualized instrument for the assessment of MiL, was developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate MiL in a representative sample of the German population.</p></sec><sec sec-type="methods"><title>Methods</title><p>In the SMiLE, the respondents first indicate a minimum of three and maximum of seven areas which provide meaning to their life before rating their current level of importance and satisfaction of each area. Indices of total weighting (IoW, range 20–100), total satisfaction (IoS, range 0–100), and total weighted satisfaction (IoWS, range 0–100) are calculated.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In July 2005, 1,004 Germans were randomly selected and interviewed (inclusion rate, 85.3%). 3,521 areas of MiL were listed and assigned to 13 a-posteriori categories. The mean IoS was 81.9 ± 15.1, the mean IoW was 84.6 ± 11.9, and the mean IoWS was 82.9 ± 14.8. In youth (16–19 y/o), "friends" were most important for MiL, in young adulthood (20–29 y/o) "partnership", in middle adulthood (30–39 y/o) "work", during retirement (60–69 y/o) "health" and "altruism", and in advanced age (70 y/o and more) "spirituality/religion" and "nature experience/animals".</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study is a first nationwide survey on individual MiL in a randomly selected, representative sample. The MiL areas of the age stages seem to correspond with Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.</p></sec></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country><region><li>Bavière</li><li>District de Haute-Bavière</li></region><settlement><li>Munich</li></settlement><orgName><li>Université Louis-et-Maximilien de Munich</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Bavière"><name sortKey="Fegg, Martin J" sort="Fegg, Martin J" uniqKey="Fegg M" first="Martin J" last="Fegg">Martin J. Fegg</name></region><name sortKey="Bausewein, Claudia" sort="Bausewein, Claudia" uniqKey="Bausewein C" first="Claudia" last="Bausewein">Claudia Bausewein</name><name sortKey="Borasio, Gian D" sort="Borasio, Gian D" uniqKey="Borasio G" first="Gian D" last="Borasio">Gian D. Borasio</name><name sortKey="Kramer, Mechtild" sort="Kramer, Mechtild" uniqKey="Kramer M" first="Mechtild" last="Kramer">Mechtild Kramer</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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