Serveur d'exploration sur la musique en Sarre

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Emotion felt by the listener and expressed by the music: literature review and theoretical perspectives

Identifieur interne : 000092 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000091; suivant : 000093

Emotion felt by the listener and expressed by the music: literature review and theoretical perspectives

Auteurs : Emery Schubert

Source :

RBID : PMC:3865445

Abstract

In his seminal paper, Gabrielsson (2002) distinguishes between emotion felt by the listener, here: “internal locus of emotion” (IL), and the emotion the music is expressing, here: “external locus of emotion” (EL). This paper tabulates 16 comparisons of felt versus expressed emotions in music published in the decade 2003–2012 consisting of 19 studies/experiments and provides some theoretical perspectives. The key findings were that (1) IL rating was frequently rated statistically the same or lower than the corresponding EL rating (e.g., lower felt happiness rating compared to the apparent happiness of the music), and that (2) self-select and preferred music had a smaller gap across the emotion loci than experimenter-selected and disliked music. These key findings were explained by an “inhibited” emotional contagion mechanism, where the otherwise matching felt emotion may have been attenuated by some other factor such as social context. Matching between EL and IL for loved and self-selected pieces was explained by the activation of “contagion” circuits. Physiological arousal, personality and age, as well as musical features (tempo, mode, putative emotions) also influenced perceived and felt emotion distinctions. A variety of data collection formats were identified, but mostly using rating items. In conclusion, a more systematic use of terminology appears desirable. Two broad categories, namely matched and unmatched, are proposed as being sufficient to capture the relationships between EL and IL, instead of four categories as suggested by Gabrielsson.


Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00837
PubMed: 24381565
PubMed Central: 3865445


Affiliations:


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PMC:3865445

Le document en format XML

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<p>In his seminal paper, Gabrielsson (
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">2002</xref>
) distinguishes between emotion felt by the listener, here: “internal locus of emotion” (IL), and the emotion the music is expressing, here: “external locus of emotion” (EL). This paper tabulates 16 comparisons of felt versus expressed emotions in music published in the decade 2003–2012 consisting of 19 studies/experiments and provides some theoretical perspectives. The key findings were that (1) IL rating was frequently rated statistically the same or lower than the corresponding EL rating (e.g., lower felt happiness rating compared to the apparent happiness of the music), and that (2) self-select and preferred music had a smaller gap across the emotion loci than experimenter-selected and disliked music. These key findings were explained by an “inhibited” emotional contagion mechanism, where the otherwise matching felt emotion may have been attenuated by some other factor such as social context. Matching between EL and IL for loved and self-selected pieces was explained by the activation of “contagion” circuits. Physiological arousal, personality and age, as well as musical features (tempo, mode, putative emotions) also influenced perceived and felt emotion distinctions. A variety of data collection formats were identified, but mostly using rating items. In conclusion, a more systematic use of terminology appears desirable. Two broad categories, namely matched and unmatched, are proposed as being sufficient to capture the relationships between EL and IL, instead of four categories as suggested by Gabrielsson.</p>
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<pmc article-type="review-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Psychol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Psychol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Psychol.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Frontiers in Psychology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1664-1078</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24381565</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3865445</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00837</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Psychology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Emotion felt by the listener and expressed by the music: literature review and theoretical perspectives</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Schubert</surname>
<given-names>Emery</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001">
<sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>
<institution>Empirical Musicology Group, School of the Arts and Media, University of New South Wales</institution>
<country>Sydney, NSW, Australia</country>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<fn fn-type="edited-by">
<p>Edited by: Daniel J. Levitin, McGill University, Canada</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by">
<p>Reviewed by: Bradley W. Vines, Nielsen, USA; Gunter Kreutz, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Germany</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Emery Schubert, Empirical Musicology Group, School of the Arts and Media, University of New South Wales, Street 2460, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia e-mail:
<email xlink:type="simple">e.schubert@unsw.edu.au</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn002">
<p>This article was submitted to Emotion Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epreprint">
<day>03</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>17</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>837</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>26</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>22</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Schubert.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<p>In his seminal paper, Gabrielsson (
<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">2002</xref>
) distinguishes between emotion felt by the listener, here: “internal locus of emotion” (IL), and the emotion the music is expressing, here: “external locus of emotion” (EL). This paper tabulates 16 comparisons of felt versus expressed emotions in music published in the decade 2003–2012 consisting of 19 studies/experiments and provides some theoretical perspectives. The key findings were that (1) IL rating was frequently rated statistically the same or lower than the corresponding EL rating (e.g., lower felt happiness rating compared to the apparent happiness of the music), and that (2) self-select and preferred music had a smaller gap across the emotion loci than experimenter-selected and disliked music. These key findings were explained by an “inhibited” emotional contagion mechanism, where the otherwise matching felt emotion may have been attenuated by some other factor such as social context. Matching between EL and IL for loved and self-selected pieces was explained by the activation of “contagion” circuits. Physiological arousal, personality and age, as well as musical features (tempo, mode, putative emotions) also influenced perceived and felt emotion distinctions. A variety of data collection formats were identified, but mostly using rating items. In conclusion, a more systematic use of terminology appears desirable. Two broad categories, namely matched and unmatched, are proposed as being sufficient to capture the relationships between EL and IL, instead of four categories as suggested by Gabrielsson.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>expressed and felt emotion in music</kwd>
<kwd>emotion locus</kwd>
<kwd>contagion</kwd>
<kwd>normative dissociation</kwd>
<kwd>contrast effect</kwd>
<kwd>affect valence</kwd>
<kwd>literature review</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<fig-count count="1"></fig-count>
<table-count count="2"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="181"></ref-count>
<page-count count="18"></page-count>
<word-count count="18273"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list></list>
<tree>
<noCountry>
<name sortKey="Schubert, Emery" sort="Schubert, Emery" uniqKey="Schubert E" first="Emery" last="Schubert">Emery Schubert</name>
</noCountry>
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</record>

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