Short-term effects of relaxation music on patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma
Identifieur interne : 000137 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000136; suivant : 000138Short-term effects of relaxation music on patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma
Auteurs : Thomas Bertelmann [Allemagne] ; Ilse Strempel [Allemagne]Source :
- Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) [ 1177-5467 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
To evaluate whether additive relaxation music (RM) has an adjuvant short-term effect on physiological and psychological parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.
Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Patients in the therapy group (TG) received a 30-minute RM via headphones, whereas members of the control group (CG) did not. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field testing, short- and long-term mental states, and blood levels of different stress hormones were analyzed and compared.
A total of 25 (61%)/16 (39%) patients were assigned to the TG/CG. Best corrected visual acuity, daily intraocular pressure, and short-term mental state (KAB) development were significantly better in the TG in comparison to controls. Visual field testing, long-term mental well-being (profile of mood states), and adrenalin, cortisol, and endothelin-I blood levels did not differ significantly between both groups.
Additive RM applied on a daily basis can positively impact various physiological and psychological parameters in the short term.
Url:
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S88732
PubMed: 26543350
PubMed Central: 4622524
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Short-term effects of relaxation music on patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma</title><author><name sortKey="Bertelmann, Thomas" sort="Bertelmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Bertelmann T" first="Thomas" last="Bertelmann">Thomas Bertelmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af1-opth-9-1981">Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Giessen</region><settlement type="city">Marbourg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strempel, Ilse" sort="Strempel, Ilse" uniqKey="Strempel I" first="Ilse" last="Strempel">Ilse Strempel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af1-opth-9-1981">Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Giessen</region><settlement type="city">Marbourg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26543350</idno><idno type="pmc">4622524</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4622524</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4622524</idno><idno type="doi">10.2147/OPTH.S88732</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000007</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000007</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000007</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000007</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000040</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000040</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000137</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Short-term effects of relaxation music on patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma</title><author><name sortKey="Bertelmann, Thomas" sort="Bertelmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Bertelmann T" first="Thomas" last="Bertelmann">Thomas Bertelmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af1-opth-9-1981">Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Giessen</region><settlement type="city">Marbourg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Strempel, Ilse" sort="Strempel, Ilse" uniqKey="Strempel I" first="Ilse" last="Strempel">Ilse Strempel</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af1-opth-9-1981">Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Hesse (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Giessen</region><settlement type="city">Marbourg</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)</title><idno type="ISSN">1177-5467</idno><idno type="eISSN">1177-5483</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To evaluate whether additive relaxation music (RM) has an adjuvant short-term effect on physiological and psychological parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Patients in the therapy group (TG) received a 30-minute RM via headphones, whereas members of the control group (CG) did not. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field testing, short- and long-term mental states, and blood levels of different stress hormones were analyzed and compared.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 25 (61%)/16 (39%) patients were assigned to the TG/CG. Best corrected visual acuity, daily intraocular pressure, and short-term mental state (KAB) development were significantly better in the TG in comparison to controls. Visual field testing, long-term mental well-being (profile of mood states), and adrenalin, cortisol, and endothelin-I blood levels did not differ significantly between both groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Additive RM applied on a daily basis can positively impact various physiological and psychological parameters in the short term.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Klein, R" uniqKey="Klein R">R Klein</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Be" uniqKey="Klein B">BE Klein</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quigley, Ha" uniqKey="Quigley H">HA Quigley</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mills, D" uniqKey="Mills D">D Mills</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Quigley, Ha" uniqKey="Quigley H">HA Quigley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Broman, At" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Ophthalmol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Ophthalmol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical Ophthalmology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1177-5467</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1177-5483</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26543350</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4622524</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/OPTH.S88732</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">opth-9-1981</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Short-term effects of relaxation music on patients suffering from primary open-angle glaucoma</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bertelmann</surname><given-names>Thomas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-opth-9-1981"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-opth-9-1981"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Strempel</surname><given-names>Ilse</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-opth-9-1981"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-opth-9-1981">Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstraße, Marburg, Germany</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-opth-9-1981">Correspondence: Thomas Bertelmann, Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Baldingerstraße, 35033 Marburg, Germany, Email <email>thomas.bertelmann@staff.uni-marburg.de</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>10</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><fpage>1981</fpage><lpage>1988</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2015 Bertelmann and Strempel. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of the License are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>To evaluate whether additive relaxation music (RM) has an adjuvant short-term effect on physiological and psychological parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Prospective, randomized clinical trial. Patients in the therapy group (TG) received a 30-minute RM via headphones, whereas members of the control group (CG) did not. Best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field testing, short- and long-term mental states, and blood levels of different stress hormones were analyzed and compared.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 25 (61%)/16 (39%) patients were assigned to the TG/CG. Best corrected visual acuity, daily intraocular pressure, and short-term mental state (KAB) development were significantly better in the TG in comparison to controls. Visual field testing, long-term mental well-being (profile of mood states), and adrenalin, cortisol, and endothelin-I blood levels did not differ significantly between both groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Additive RM applied on a daily basis can positively impact various physiological and psychological parameters in the short term.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>primary open angle glaucoma</kwd><kwd>POAG</kwd><kwd>music therapy</kwd><kwd>intraocular pressure</kwd><kwd>IOP</kwd><kwd>mental health</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-opth-9-1981" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Mean change from baseline in IOP (mmHg) during the 10-day core study phase (differences in IOP between before and after daily treatment).</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Blue line = TG; yellow line = CG. Copyright © 2009. Reproduced with friendly permission from Bertelmann T. Musiktherapie für Glaukompatienten. <italic>Adjuvante Glaukomtherapie</italic>. Saarbrücken: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften; 2009. German.<xref rid="b62-opth-9-1981" ref-type="bibr">62</xref></p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> IOP, intraocular pressure; TG, therapy group; CG, control group.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="opth-9-1981Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-opth-9-1981" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Mean change in KAB scores during the 10-day core study phase (differences in KAB between before and after daily treatment).</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Blue line = TG; yellow line = CG. Negative KAB scores indicate improvement in overall mental well-being, whereas positive scores show an increase in mental strain. Copyright © 2009. Reproduced with friendly permission from Bertelmann T. Musiktherapie für Glaukompatienten. <italic>Adjuvante Glaukomtherapie</italic>. Saarbrücken: Südwestdeutscher Verlag für Hochschulschriften; 2009. German.<xref rid="b62-opth-9-1981" ref-type="bibr">62</xref></p><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> TG, therapy group; CG, control group.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="opth-9-1981Fig2"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-opth-9-1981" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Baseline characteristics of patients randomized into the TG and CG</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of patients (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25 (61)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (39)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.211</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Number of eyes (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49 (60)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 (40)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.075</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.7±12.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56±12.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.954</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sex (male/female) (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/18 (28/72)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/9 (44/56)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.060</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Previous glaucoma surgery (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (44)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (50)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.707</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Glaucoma eye drops (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19 (76)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (50)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.087</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">General medical problems (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (92)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (73)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.054</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vascular dysregulation (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22 (88)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (94)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.545</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Depression/stress (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (60)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10 (62)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.873</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Incriminatory social environment (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (32)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (25)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.631</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Critical life events (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15 (60)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (69)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.570</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reduced sleep quality (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (32)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (19)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.350</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-opth-9-1981"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> TG, therapy group; CG, control group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-opth-9-1981" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Results of IOP (mmHg) and KAB (score) measurements for each day during the core study phase</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (n=49)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG (n=32)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ΔIOP (mmHg)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.64±2.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5±2.85</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.018</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.0±2.66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.33±2.91</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.010</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.02±2.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93±1.22</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.024</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.75±2.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87±1.86</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.16±2.86</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77±2.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.007</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.82±2.45</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.57±1.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.002</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.98±2.22</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57±2.48</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.072</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.43±2.59</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.53±2.39</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.024</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.86±2.29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.73±1.62</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.001</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.09±2.88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.3±1.57</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.007</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ΔKAB (score)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.38±1.06</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55±1.07</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.039</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.71±0.67</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02±0.77</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.010</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.57±0.83</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.16±0.68</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.157</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.47±0.84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.13±0.32</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.039</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.64±0.53</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.05±0.56</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.005</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.49±0.73</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.30±0.44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.538</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.39±0.52</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.11±0.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.168</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.37±0.63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09±0.63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.088</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.6±0.84</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.06±0.64</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.015</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Day 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.33±0.61</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23±0.95</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.056</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn2-opth-9-1981"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> ΔIOP (mmHg) and ΔKAB were calculated by subtracting corresponding results after from the evaluation of both parameters before the 30-minute therapy/ control interval (negative KAB scores indicate improvement in overall mental well-being, whereas positive scores show an increase in mental strain).</p></fn><fn id="tfn3-opth-9-1981"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> IOP, intraocular pressure; TG, therapy group; CG, control group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-opth-9-1981" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Effects of RM on BCVA, IOP, VF, KAB, POMS, and various blood parameters between both groups after the core study phase</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TG (n=49)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CG (n=32)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">BCVA (decimal)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88±0.23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89±0.18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.002</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97±0.24</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86±0.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔBCVA (%)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09±0.12 (9)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.03±0.09 (−3)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">IOP (mmHg)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.79±3.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.9±2.97</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.535</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.64±3.76</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.17±2.22</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔIOP (mmHg)</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.15±3.03</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.73±2.09</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">30° visual field (mean deviation)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−5.3±5.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.2±6.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.183</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.19±6.07</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.78±6.71</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Δmean deviation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12±1.58</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37±1.21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Questionnaire for short-term mental well-being (KAB score)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.67±0.51</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.58±0.79</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.573</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.61±0.75</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.72±0.78</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔKAB</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.11</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14±0.68</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">POMS score (melancholy)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.52±8.12</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.88±9.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.920</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.39±5.74</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.56±7.64</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Δmelancholy</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.13±3.82</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−4.44±4.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">POMS score (fatigue)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.87±6.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.56±5.81</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.989</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.87±5.77</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.69±5.19</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Δfatigue</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.0±6.62</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.86±4.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">POMS score (motivation)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.83±6.23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.06±5.80</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.414</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.87±6.15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.88±4.90</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Δmotivation</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.04±4.45</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.8±3.71</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">POMS score (displeasure)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Baseline</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.7±3.81</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.75±4.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.673</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Final examination</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.78±2.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.06±4.77</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Δdispleasure</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.91±2.71</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.69±3.88</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Adrenalin concentration (pg/mL)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.35±24.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.19±22.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.91±20.43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.25±22.38</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.57±14.01</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.13±28.61</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.04±27.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0±19.68</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.43±17.98</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.06±18.13</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.440</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.47±17.66</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.13±15.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.448</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 1/day 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−8.78±29.32</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.94±35.15</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.432</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Cortisol concentration (µg/dL)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.88±5.16</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.29±3.43</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.04±5.27</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.8±3.37</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.85±2.96</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.19±4.95</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.361±3.07</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.08±4.31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.84±3.09</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.49±1.52</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.511</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.49±2.17</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.11±1.93</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.567</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 1/day 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.03±4.18</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.89±4.33</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.627</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Endothelin concentration (pg/mL)</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01±0.31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16±0.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23±0.47</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30±0.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.16±0.49</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11±0.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Time point 4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23±0.36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25±0.37</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22±0.44</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14±0.41</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.596</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06±0.33</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14±0.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.573</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> ΔDay 1/day 10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16±0.42</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.05±0.63</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.371</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn4-opth-9-1981"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Negative KAB and POMS scores indicate improvement in overall mental well-being, whereas positive scores show an increase in mental strain.</p></fn><fn id="tfn5-opth-9-1981"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> RM, relaxation music; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; IOP, intraocular pressure; VF, visual field; POMS, profile of mood states; TG, treatment group; CG, control group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li></country><region><li>District de Giessen</li><li>Hesse (Land)</li></region><settlement><li>Marbourg</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Hesse (Land)"><name sortKey="Bertelmann, Thomas" sort="Bertelmann, Thomas" uniqKey="Bertelmann T" first="Thomas" last="Bertelmann">Thomas Bertelmann</name></region><name sortKey="Strempel, Ilse" sort="Strempel, Ilse" uniqKey="Strempel I" first="Ilse" last="Strempel">Ilse Strempel</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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