Do ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions?
Identifieur interne : 000099 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000098; suivant : 000100Do ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions?
Auteurs : Sandra T. Glass [Autriche, Suisse] ; Elisabeth Lingg [Autriche] ; Eva Heuberger [Autriche, Allemagne]Source :
- Frontiers in Psychology [ 1664-1078 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Fragrances, such as plant odors, have been shown to evoke autonomic response patterns associated with Ekman's (Ekman et al.,
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00340
PubMed: 24860522
PubMed Central: 4017720
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Do ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions?</title><author><name sortKey="Glass, Sandra T" sort="Glass, Sandra T" uniqKey="Glass S" first="Sandra T." last="Glass">Sandra T. Glass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich</institution><country>Zurich, Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lingg, Elisabeth" sort="Lingg, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Lingg E" first="Elisabeth" last="Lingg">Elisabeth Lingg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heuberger, Eva" sort="Heuberger, Eva" uniqKey="Heuberger E" first="Eva" last="Heuberger">Eva Heuberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbruecken, Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbruecken, Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24860522</idno><idno type="pmc">4017720</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4017720</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4017720</idno><idno type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00340</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000147</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000147</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000146</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000146</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000069</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000069</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000099</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Do ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions?</title><author><name sortKey="Glass, Sandra T" sort="Glass, Sandra T" uniqKey="Glass S" first="Sandra T." last="Glass">Sandra T. Glass</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich</institution><country>Zurich, Switzerland</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lingg, Elisabeth" sort="Lingg, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Lingg E" first="Elisabeth" last="Lingg">Elisabeth Lingg</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heuberger, Eva" sort="Heuberger, Eva" uniqKey="Heuberger E" first="Eva" last="Heuberger">Eva Heuberger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbruecken, Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbruecken, Germany</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Frontiers in Psychology</title><idno type="eISSN">1664-1078</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Fragrances, such as plant odors, have been shown to evoke autonomic response patterns associated with Ekman's (Ekman et al., <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">1983</xref>) basic emotions happiness, surprise, anger, fear, sadness, and disgust. Inducing positive emotions by odors in highly frequented public spaces could serve to improve the quality of life in urban environments. Thus, the present study evaluated the potency of ambient odors connoted with an urban environment to evoke basic emotions on an autonomic and cognitive response level. Synthetic mixtures representing the odors of disinfectant, candles/bees wax, summer air, burnt smell, vomit and musty smell as well as odorless water as a control were presented five times in random order to 30 healthy, non-smoking human subjects with intact sense of smell. Skin temperature, skin conductance, breathing rate, forearm muscle activity, blink rate, and heart rate were recorded simultaneously. Subjects rated the odors in terms of pleasantness, intensity and familiarity and gave verbal labels to each odor as well as cognitive associations with the basic emotions. The results showed that the amplitude of the skin conductance response (SCR) varied as a function of odor presentation. Burnt smell and vomit elicited significantly higher electrodermal responses than summer air. Also, a negative correlation was revealed between the amplitude of the SCR and hedonic odor valence indicating that the magnitude of the electrodermal response increased with odor unpleasantness. The analysis of the cognitive associations between odors and basic emotions showed that candles/bees wax and summer air were specifically associated with happiness whereas burnt smell and vomit were uniquely associated with disgust. Our findings suggest that city odors may evoke specific cognitive associations of basic emotions and that autonomic activity elicited by such odors is related to odor hedonics.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alaoui Ismaili, O" uniqKey="Alaoui Ismaili O">O. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Psychol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Psychol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Psychol.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Psychology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1664-1078</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24860522</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4017720</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00340</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Psychology</subject><subj-group><subject>Original Research Article</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Do ambient urban odors evoke basic emotions?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Glass</surname><given-names>Sandra T.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lingg</surname><given-names>Elisabeth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heuberger</surname><given-names>Eva</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup></xref><uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://community.frontiersin.org/people/u/31640"></uri></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup><institution>Division of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna</institution><country>Vienna, Austria</country></aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup><institution>Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich</institution><country>Zurich, Switzerland</country></aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup><institution>Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbruecken, Germany</country></aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup><institution>Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University</institution><country>Saarbruecken, Germany</country></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Benoist Schaal, Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, CNRS, France</p></fn><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Sylvain Delplanque, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Claudio Gentili, University of Pisa, Italy</p></fn><corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Eva Heuberger, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Campus A1 3, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany e-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">e.heuberger@mx.uni-saarland.de</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Cognitive Science, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epreprint"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><elocation-id>340</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>02</day><month>9</month><year>2013</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>01</day><month>4</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Glass, Lingg and Heuberger.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Fragrances, such as plant odors, have been shown to evoke autonomic response patterns associated with Ekman's (Ekman et al., <xref rid="B24" ref-type="bibr">1983</xref>) basic emotions happiness, surprise, anger, fear, sadness, and disgust. Inducing positive emotions by odors in highly frequented public spaces could serve to improve the quality of life in urban environments. Thus, the present study evaluated the potency of ambient odors connoted with an urban environment to evoke basic emotions on an autonomic and cognitive response level. Synthetic mixtures representing the odors of disinfectant, candles/bees wax, summer air, burnt smell, vomit and musty smell as well as odorless water as a control were presented five times in random order to 30 healthy, non-smoking human subjects with intact sense of smell. Skin temperature, skin conductance, breathing rate, forearm muscle activity, blink rate, and heart rate were recorded simultaneously. Subjects rated the odors in terms of pleasantness, intensity and familiarity and gave verbal labels to each odor as well as cognitive associations with the basic emotions. The results showed that the amplitude of the skin conductance response (SCR) varied as a function of odor presentation. Burnt smell and vomit elicited significantly higher electrodermal responses than summer air. Also, a negative correlation was revealed between the amplitude of the SCR and hedonic odor valence indicating that the magnitude of the electrodermal response increased with odor unpleasantness. The analysis of the cognitive associations between odors and basic emotions showed that candles/bees wax and summer air were specifically associated with happiness whereas burnt smell and vomit were uniquely associated with disgust. Our findings suggest that city odors may evoke specific cognitive associations of basic emotions and that autonomic activity elicited by such odors is related to odor hedonics.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>city odors</kwd><kwd>basic emotions</kwd><kwd>autonomic nervous system</kwd><kwd>hedonic valence</kwd><kwd>odor intensity</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="8"></fig-count><table-count count="3"></table-count><equation-count count="0"></equation-count><ref-count count="50"></ref-count><page-count count="11"></page-count><word-count count="9141"></word-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Autriche</li><li>Suisse</li></country></list><tree><country name="Autriche"><noRegion><name sortKey="Glass, Sandra T" sort="Glass, Sandra T" uniqKey="Glass S" first="Sandra T." last="Glass">Sandra T. Glass</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Heuberger, Eva" sort="Heuberger, Eva" uniqKey="Heuberger E" first="Eva" last="Heuberger">Eva Heuberger</name><name sortKey="Lingg, Elisabeth" sort="Lingg, Elisabeth" uniqKey="Lingg E" first="Elisabeth" last="Lingg">Elisabeth Lingg</name></country><country name="Suisse"><noRegion><name sortKey="Glass, Sandra T" sort="Glass, Sandra T" uniqKey="Glass S" first="Sandra T." last="Glass">Sandra T. Glass</name></noRegion></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Heuberger, Eva" sort="Heuberger, Eva" uniqKey="Heuberger E" first="Eva" last="Heuberger">Eva Heuberger</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Heuberger, Eva" sort="Heuberger, Eva" uniqKey="Heuberger E" first="Eva" last="Heuberger">Eva Heuberger</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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