Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.
Identifieur interne : 000256 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000255; suivant : 000257Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.
Auteurs : Mari L. Fischer [Allemagne] ; Axel Hochkirch [Allemagne] ; Mike Heddergott [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Christoph Schulze [Allemagne] ; Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg [Allemagne] ; Johannes Lang [Allemagne] ; Frank-Uwe Michler [Allemagne] ; Ulf Hohmann [Allemagne] ; Hermann Ansorge [Allemagne] ; Lothar Hoffmann [Allemagne] ; Roland Klein [Allemagne] ; Alain C. Frantz [Luxembourg (pays)]Source :
- PloS one [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Allemagne, États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Germany, United States.
- genetics : Genetic Variation, Microsatellite Repeats, Raccoons.
- Animals, Ecosystem, Founder Effect, Genetics, Population, Introduced Species.
Abstract
Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is often considered as a typical example for such a successful invasion resulting from a small number of founders. The species' largest non-native population in Germany is commonly assumed to stem from a small number of founders and two separate founding events in the 1930s and 1940s. In the present study we analyzed 407 raccoons at 20 microsatellite loci sampled from the invasive range in Western Europe to test if these assumptions are correct. Contrary to the expectations, different genetic clustering methods detected evidence for at least four independent introduction events that gave rise to genetically differentiated subpopulations. Further smaller clusters were either artifacts or resulted from founder events at the range margin and recent release of captive individuals. We also found genetic evidence for on-going introductions of individuals. Furthermore a novel randomization process was used to determine the potential range of founder population size that would suffice to capture all the alleles present in a cluster. Our results falsify the assumption that this species has become widespread and abundant despite being genetically depauperate and show that historical records of species introductions may be misleading.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125441
PubMed: 25946257
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:25946257Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.</title><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Mari L" sort="Fischer, Mari L" uniqKey="Fischer M" first="Mari L" last="Fischer">Mari L. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hochkirch, Axel" sort="Hochkirch, Axel" uniqKey="Hochkirch A" first="Axel" last="Hochkirch">Axel Hochkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heddergott, Mike" sort="Heddergott, Mike" uniqKey="Heddergott M" first="Mike" last="Heddergott">Mike Heddergott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luxembourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, Christoph" sort="Schulze, Christoph" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christoph" last="Schulze">Christoph Schulze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" sort="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" uniqKey="Anheyer Behmenburg H" first="Helena E" last="Anheyer-Behmenburg">Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Johannes" sort="Lang, Johannes" uniqKey="Lang J" first="Johannes" last="Lang">Johannes Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michler, Frank Uwe" sort="Michler, Frank Uwe" uniqKey="Michler F" first="Frank-Uwe" last="Michler">Frank-Uwe Michler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hohmann, Ulf" sort="Hohmann, Ulf" uniqKey="Hohmann U" first="Ulf" last="Hohmann">Ulf Hohmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansorge, Hermann" sort="Ansorge, Hermann" uniqKey="Ansorge H" first="Hermann" last="Ansorge">Hermann Ansorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Lothar" sort="Hoffmann, Lothar" uniqKey="Hoffmann L" first="Lothar" last="Hoffmann">Lothar Hoffmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Roland" sort="Klein, Roland" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Roland" last="Klein">Roland Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frantz, Alain C" sort="Frantz, Alain C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="Alain C" last="Frantz">Alain C. Frantz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luxembourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25946257</idno><idno type="pmid">25946257</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0125441</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000261</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000261</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.</title><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Mari L" sort="Fischer, Mari L" uniqKey="Fischer M" first="Mari L" last="Fischer">Mari L. Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hochkirch, Axel" sort="Hochkirch, Axel" uniqKey="Hochkirch A" first="Axel" last="Hochkirch">Axel Hochkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heddergott, Mike" sort="Heddergott, Mike" uniqKey="Heddergott M" first="Mike" last="Heddergott">Mike Heddergott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luxembourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, Christoph" sort="Schulze, Christoph" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christoph" last="Schulze">Christoph Schulze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" sort="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" uniqKey="Anheyer Behmenburg H" first="Helena E" last="Anheyer-Behmenburg">Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Johannes" sort="Lang, Johannes" uniqKey="Lang J" first="Johannes" last="Lang">Johannes Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michler, Frank Uwe" sort="Michler, Frank Uwe" uniqKey="Michler F" first="Frank-Uwe" last="Michler">Frank-Uwe Michler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hohmann, Ulf" sort="Hohmann, Ulf" uniqKey="Hohmann U" first="Ulf" last="Hohmann">Ulf Hohmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansorge, Hermann" sort="Ansorge, Hermann" uniqKey="Ansorge H" first="Hermann" last="Ansorge">Hermann Ansorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Lothar" sort="Hoffmann, Lothar" uniqKey="Hoffmann L" first="Lothar" last="Hoffmann">Lothar Hoffmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Roland" sort="Klein, Roland" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Roland" last="Klein">Roland Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frantz, Alain C" sort="Frantz, Alain C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="Alain C" last="Frantz">Alain C. Frantz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luxembourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PloS one</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015" type="published">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Founder Effect</term><term>Genetic Variation (genetics)</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Germany</term><term>Introduced Species</term><term>Microsatellite Repeats (genetics)</term><term>Raccoons (genetics)</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Germany</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Microsatellite Repeats</term><term>Raccoons</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Founder Effect</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Introduced Species</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Allemagne</term><term>États-Unis</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is often considered as a typical example for such a successful invasion resulting from a small number of founders. The species' largest non-native population in Germany is commonly assumed to stem from a small number of founders and two separate founding events in the 1930s and 1940s. In the present study we analyzed 407 raccoons at 20 microsatellite loci sampled from the invasive range in Western Europe to test if these assumptions are correct. Contrary to the expectations, different genetic clustering methods detected evidence for at least four independent introduction events that gave rise to genetically differentiated subpopulations. Further smaller clusters were either artifacts or resulted from founder events at the range margin and recent release of captive individuals. We also found genetic evidence for on-going introductions of individuals. Furthermore a novel randomization process was used to determine the potential range of founder population size that would suffice to capture all the alleles present in a cluster. Our results falsify the assumption that this species has become widespread and abundant despite being genetically depauperate and show that historical records of species introductions may be misleading.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25946257</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2015</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>07</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2016</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>25</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>13</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1932-6203</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><PubDate><Year>2015</Year></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>PloS one</Title><ISOAbbreviation>PLoS ONE</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e0125441</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.pone.0125441</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (Procyon lotor) is often considered as a typical example for such a successful invasion resulting from a small number of founders. The species' largest non-native population in Germany is commonly assumed to stem from a small number of founders and two separate founding events in the 1930s and 1940s. In the present study we analyzed 407 raccoons at 20 microsatellite loci sampled from the invasive range in Western Europe to test if these assumptions are correct. Contrary to the expectations, different genetic clustering methods detected evidence for at least four independent introduction events that gave rise to genetically differentiated subpopulations. Further smaller clusters were either artifacts or resulted from founder events at the range margin and recent release of captive individuals. We also found genetic evidence for on-going introductions of individuals. Furthermore a novel randomization process was used to determine the potential range of founder population size that would suffice to capture all the alleles present in a cluster. Our results falsify the assumption that this species has become widespread and abundant despite being genetically depauperate and show that historical records of species introductions may be misleading.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fischer</LastName><ForeName>Mari L</ForeName><Initials>ML</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hochkirch</LastName><ForeName>Axel</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Heddergott</LastName><ForeName>Mike</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schulze</LastName><ForeName>Christoph</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Anheyer-Behmenburg</LastName><ForeName>Helena E</ForeName><Initials>HE</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lang</LastName><ForeName>Johannes</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Michler</LastName><ForeName>Frank-Uwe</ForeName><Initials>FU</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hohmann</LastName><ForeName>Ulf</ForeName><Initials>U</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ansorge</LastName><ForeName>Hermann</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hoffmann</LastName><ForeName>Lothar</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Klein</LastName><ForeName>Roland</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Frantz</LastName><ForeName>Alain C</ForeName><Initials>AC</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>Dryad</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>412H3</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>06</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>PLoS One</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101285081</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1932-6203</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Nature. 2004 Sep 9;431(7005):177-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15356629</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2004 Apr;13(4):921-35</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15012766</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Biotechniques. 1991 Apr;10(4):506-13</RefSource><PMID Version="1">1867860</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>J Hered. 2004 Nov-Dec;95(6):536-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15475402</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Evolution. 2007 Apr;61(4):972-83</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17439625</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genet Res. 2007 Jun;89(3):135-53</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17894908</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2008 Jan;17(1):431-49</RefSource><PMID Version="1">17908213</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2008 Feb;17(4):1009-19</RefSource><PMID Version="1">18261045</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2009 Jan;18(1):43-53</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19140963</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2009 Dec;18(23):4734-56</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19878454</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>New Phytol. 2010 Mar;185(4):1087-99</RefSource><PMID Version="1">19968796</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Ecol Lett. 2011 Apr;14(4):419-31</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21314880</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol Resour. 2011 Jan;11(1):141-5</RefSource><PMID Version="1">21429111</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2012 Sep;21(17):4313-26</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22765844</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Bioinformatics. 2012 Oct 1;28(19):2537-9</RefSource><PMID Version="1">22820204</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Biol Evol. 2013 May;30(5):1224-8</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23408797</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol Resour. 2014 Jan;14(1):209-14</RefSource><PMID Version="1">23992227</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Genetics. 2000 Jun;155(2):945-59</RefSource><PMID Version="1">10835412</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2004 Jan;13(1):55-65</RefSource><PMID Version="1">14653788</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2004 Mar;13(3):671-81</RefSource><PMID Version="1">14871370</PMID></CommentsCorrections><CommentsCorrections RefType="Cites"><RefSource>Mol Ecol. 2005 Jul;14(8):2611-20</RefSource><PMID Version="1">15969739</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" MajorTopicYN="N">Ecosystem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018703" MajorTopicYN="N">Founder Effect</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014644" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetic Variation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005828" MajorTopicYN="N">Genetics, Population</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005858" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Germany</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058865" MajorTopicYN="Y">Introduced Species</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018895" MajorTopicYN="N">Microsatellite Repeats</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011821" MajorTopicYN="N">Raccoons</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014481" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">United States</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC4422738</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>17</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2015</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>5</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2016</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>26</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25946257</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0125441</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">PONE-D-14-55923</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC4422738</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Luxembourg (pays)</li></country><region><li>Basse-Saxe</li></region><settlement><li>Hanovre</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fischer, Mari L" sort="Fischer, Mari L" uniqKey="Fischer M" first="Mari L" last="Fischer">Mari L. Fischer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" sort="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" uniqKey="Anheyer Behmenburg H" first="Helena E" last="Anheyer-Behmenburg">Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg</name><name sortKey="Ansorge, Hermann" sort="Ansorge, Hermann" uniqKey="Ansorge H" first="Hermann" last="Ansorge">Hermann Ansorge</name><name sortKey="Hochkirch, Axel" sort="Hochkirch, Axel" uniqKey="Hochkirch A" first="Axel" last="Hochkirch">Axel Hochkirch</name><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Lothar" sort="Hoffmann, Lothar" uniqKey="Hoffmann L" first="Lothar" last="Hoffmann">Lothar Hoffmann</name><name sortKey="Hohmann, Ulf" sort="Hohmann, Ulf" uniqKey="Hohmann U" first="Ulf" last="Hohmann">Ulf Hohmann</name><name sortKey="Klein, Roland" sort="Klein, Roland" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Roland" last="Klein">Roland Klein</name><name sortKey="Lang, Johannes" sort="Lang, Johannes" uniqKey="Lang J" first="Johannes" last="Lang">Johannes Lang</name><name sortKey="Michler, Frank Uwe" sort="Michler, Frank Uwe" uniqKey="Michler F" first="Frank-Uwe" last="Michler">Frank-Uwe Michler</name><name sortKey="Schulze, Christoph" sort="Schulze, Christoph" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christoph" last="Schulze">Christoph Schulze</name></country><country name="Luxembourg (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Heddergott, Mike" sort="Heddergott, Mike" uniqKey="Heddergott M" first="Mike" last="Heddergott">Mike Heddergott</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Frantz, Alain C" sort="Frantz, Alain C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="Alain C" last="Frantz">Alain C. Frantz</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Rhénanie/explor/UnivTrevesV1/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000256 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000256 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Rhénanie
|area= UnivTrevesV1
|flux= PubMed
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:25946257
|texte= Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25946257" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a UnivTrevesV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |